China's granary entered Hunan today. The lake is widely ripe, the world is enough, and Hunan, the hometown of fish and rice, has enjoyed the reputation of "Kyushu granary" since ancient times. As one of the main grain producing areas in the country, more than 60 billion kilograms of rice have been harvested in more than 70 million mu of rice fields in Hunan Province, which has become a ballast stone for consolidating China's granaries. Hunan rice not only has a large area and high yield, but also its hybrid rice technology is also leading the world.
Tribute to Yuan Longping: Home is on the edge of the rice paddies, and the people take food as the sky
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△ CCTV Finance "Tianxia Finance" column video
This is the three-acre experimental field of Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, where Academician Yuan Longping has worked and lived for 37 years. This simple old building is the home of Academician Yuan, who every morning walks down the steps of the balcony, opens the iron door, and comes to this experimental field. The latest experimental varieties are always grown here. The seemingly ordinary three acres of land have witnessed his every success and failure.
The record-breaking Sanyou No. 1 in the production test reached 1600 kilograms per mu.
Li Xinqi, chief expert of the third generation hybrid rice research team: the amount is one meter and two, although it is high, but it is resistant to falling, the rod is very elastic and has strong vitality, at this time the leaves are still green, indicating that it is cold resistant, and it is also resistant to salt, and the soil with 0.6% salt concentration can also grow well. This is the third generation of hybrid rice, the most significant feature is that it can achieve free breeding, all rice varieties can become parents, and the seed preparation is simple and stable. The first time I took Teacher Yuan to see Sanyou No. 1 was in this field, and he was very happy to see it at that time, saying that this is the ideal way to use the advantages of rice hybrids in the future.
During the harvest season, at this moment, Mr. Yuan's domestic cat Huahua is lying on grandpa's massage bed, guarding the rice field outside the window. Huahua has grown up, and recently, she has learned to catch mice, which is why Mr. Yuan likes cats, which steal rice, and cats can catch mice and are the patron saints of rice fields.
In recent years, Yuan Longping's team's ultra-high-yield research goals have been achieved faster and faster, and behind it comes from a sense of mission. Here is a handwritten notice: All employees, everyone should know that our center has three main tasks, ultra-high yield, salinity tolerance, and the third generation of hybrid rice. The person who wrote this notice was Academician Yuan Longping, who was 89 years old at the time. In just two years, most of the goals have been achieved. Dr. Yuan Dingyang, who leads students in the rice field, is the younger son of Academician Yuan.
Reporter: What is the next high productivity target?
Yuan Dingyang, deputy director of Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center: There is no end to high yields, and the goal is high yield and higher yield. Father is very persistent about production, in fact, after he wrote the notice, his body has not been as good as before, so he is speeding up the pace is also to buy time, we found that in the last two years, each meeting task is arranged very carefully, and his sense of crisis has never relaxed after the output.
Reporter: As the main force of scientific research, how much effort does it take to set each goal?
Yuan Dingyang, deputy director of Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center: The third generation of hybrid rice, we began in 2010. At the beginning, after experiencing countless failures, we were embarrassed to report to Teacher Yuan at the opening meeting, and he encouraged us to find the reason for the failure. Last year, the production test reached the standard, he said to us, look, what is 99 failures? Only 1 success is enough.
Reporter: Many people say that whenever they eat a full meal, they think of Grandpa Yuan, as Grandpa Yuan's family, do you have anything you want to say to everyone?
Yuan Dingyang, deputy director of the Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center: Grain production is very hard, saving grain is also increasing production.
In 1984, when Yuan Longping led the establishment of the Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, the hybrid rice planting area was only 133 million mu, with an average yield of 427 kg per mu; in 2021, when he bid farewell, the total planting area of hybrid rice reached 9 billion mu, and the cumulative yield of rice increased by more than 800 billion kg, and the seeds of hybrid rice were sown in more than 40 countries and regions around the world.
Academician Yuan Longping once said that people are like a seed, to be a good seed, the seed will eventually return to the earth.
Every harvest season, there are heavy ears of rice here, and there are also our heavy tributes here.
Yueyang, Hunan: Dongting Lakeside international cooperation rice and fish co-culture ecological agriculture rich farmers
Hunan not only leads the world in the cultivation of hybrid rice, but also continues to explore new methods and models of planting. Panhu New Village, Yueyang County, Yueyang City, Hunan Province, is close to the East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve. Last year, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the local government jointly launched the "East Dongting Lake Bird-friendly Agriculture and Rice-Fish Co-cultivation Project", and more than a year later, what has changed in the local area.
Villager Cai Liansheng said that raising turtles in rice paddies is a "small profit" business. Turtles can eat weeds in the rice field, and manure can also provide sufficient fertilizer for rice growth, and this year his family's 28 acres of rice field have harvested a total of 20,000 catties of rice, an increase of 5,000 catties over last year. Turtles farmed in rice paddies are also more competitive in the market because they do not use feed.
Yuan Zhijian, manager of a hotel in Yueyang County, Yueyang City, Hunan Province: The purchase price of ordinary turtles in the market is about 40 yuan, and this pound can be sold for 120 yuan to 150 yuan.
Lan Qingshi, general secretary of the panhu new village in Yueyang County, Yueyang City, Hunan Province: At present, there are about 70 or 80 households on our side participating in the "rice-fish co-cultivation" project, and their income on the basis of growing rice has increased by at least three times.
The "Rice-Fish Co-culture" project not only increases the income of villagers in Panhu New Village, but also brings tangible benefits to the biodiversity of Dongting Lake.
As the management body of the "Rice-Fish Co-culture" project, fao provides financial and technical support, management advice, and final audit and assessment during the implementation of the project, and the local government department is responsible for the implementation of specific projects.
FAO Representative in China Vin Kang Nong: This is the first "Partner Implementation Model (OPIM)" project carried out by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in the world, which has made good progress and received an "excellent" rating in the final assessment.
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(Edited by Sun Yonghui)