The winter of 2019 is a thing of the past, and the season of 2020 is just around the corner. The temperature and ground temperature will gradually rise, the root system of the fruit tree will begin to move, the sap will flow, the nutrients stored in the roots and branches will be transported to the shoots, and the leaf buds will begin to germinate and bloom. At the same time, the pests that overwinter also began to sting, and the germs began to spread. The plan of the year lies in the spring, and the spring management of fruit trees is crucial, and the main points are to prevent the extraction of young trees, pruning management, garden management, disease and damage management on branches, spraying of stone sulfur mixture, fertilizer management, high replacement excellence and bridging tree protection.
The strips are severe
First, prevent young trees from being stripped. After the temperature and ground temperature rise, the sap begins to flow, and the evaporation of water from the upper branches of the young trees is large, but the ground temperature is low, and there is a frozen soil layer in some places, the root system has poor activity ability, and the water absorbed cannot meet the needs of the upper branches on the ground, and the strips are produced. Prevention and control measures include two aspects, one is to reduce the evaporation of water in the upper branches of the ground, and the anti-transpirant or spray other film-forming agents on the trees in early and mid-March can play a role in preventing the extraction of strips. The second is to increase the ground temperature of the root system, which can cover 1 to 1.5 square meters of mulch under the canopy. Some fruit farmers have the habit of cultivating soil in winter trunks, which will significantly reduce the temperature of the rhizosphere in spring, aggravate the occurrence of striping phenomenon, and should not be used, if any, please bulldoze as soon as possible.
Second, pruning management. Winter pruning is mainly aimed at large mature trees in the fertile period, and now it is necessary to prune young trees that have not yet borne fruit or have just borne fruit. Including young trees pulling branches and shaping, the main trunk on the main branch vacancy two eye wounds carved buds to promote branches, "bare-legged main branches" to take multiple circumcision, winter pruning can not be implemented. For 2 to 3 years of young trees, bare-legged main branches are generally more, we require that at 30 cm from the main trunk to start circumcision, 20 cm together, the tip to leave 30 cm without circumcision, the purpose is to promote the formation of short branches to form fruit branches, a better way is to use a diameter of 10 ~ 15 cm round iron pieces, cut a triangular opening, stuck the branches in a circle, this is just the strength.
3. Qingyuan management. Dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, diseases and insects and dead fruits are required to be cleaned up and taken away from the orchard or burned or buried deeply; the old warp skin is finely scraped, and the coarse bark of the fruit tree often hides a variety of diseases and insect pests, such as hawthorn red spiders, star caterpillars, small curlews, rot diseases, etc. Adult fruit trees such as winter did not scrape the coarse skin should be scraped in time, generally only scraped off the coarse skin without leaving gaps, not too deep or too shallow. At the same time, plastic film or cloth is laid under the tree, and the scraped bark, diseases and insects are all put away and burned or buried deeply. Combined with the scraping of the skin to focus on checking the trunk, branches, shear saw mouth for decay, with the discovery with the complete scraping, followed by stone sulfur mixture, bacteriotoxic clean, rot Biqing, 843 rehabilitation agent, methyl tropine oil, etc., thiamethione, pyrazole ether ester is also a good prevention and control agent.
Fourth, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests on the branches. In the spring, as the temperature rises, the overwintering pests begin to sting, and the bacteria begin to spread, such as aphid eggs begin to hatch, hawthorn leaf mites begin to sting, and the bacteria begin to infect. At this stage, the pathogen has just begun to move, and the insect state of the pest is more consistent, because it has just passed the dormant period and the drug resistance is poor. The main diseases in this period are apple rot disease, rot disease, apple powdery mildew, apple leaflet disease and so on. Pests include apple tumor aphid, cotton aphid, yellow aphid, apple leafroll moth, top leaf curl moth, leaf sneaker moth, hawthorn leaf mite and so on. The control of diseases and insect pests in this period is an important part of the prevention and control of the whole year, at this time the fruit tree is more resistant, the high concentration of pesticides that cannot be used in the production season can be used, and it is easy to spray the liquid evenly, and it is easy to get the effect of doubling the effort with half the effort.
Fifth, before germination spray stone sulfur compound. At present, the stone sulfur compound is still a broad-spectrum, long residual period, and low cost of sterilization, acaricide, insecticide, especially before and after the germination of fruit trees sprayed with higher concentrations, to reduce the base of a variety of diseases and insects, reduce the use of drugs throughout the year, reduce costs, its effect is very obvious. Stone sulfur compound generally has a better effect of self-made, and the effect of commercial preparations is worse. It is generally required to spray the whole tree with 3 to 5 degrees of stone sulfur compound before budding.
It should be noted that zinc deficiency leaflet disease trees, about half a month before the germination of apple trees, the whole tree sprayed 3% to 5% zinc sulfate solution, the effect of that year is obvious. Trees sprayed with zinc sulfate can no longer spray stone sulfur compounds, and the two have a chemical reaction, and the strict ball affects the efficacy. Trees that have also been sprayed with stone sulfur compounds can no longer be sprayed with zinc sulfate.
Sixth, fertilizer and water management. Moderate trees that are fully fertilized in autumn do not need to be fertilized when watering in the spring. Trees that are not fertilized in autumn or that are weaker need to be fertilized in the spring and should not be large. The so-called moderate tree refers to a tree with a peripheral extension of the branch length of about 60 cm in the forming period, about 50 cm in the crown period, about 30 cm in the harvest period, and a tree with a medium total branch size, and a weak tree that is lower than the standard of the moderate tree. Fertilizer is mainly based on nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.
Seven, high replacement excellence and bridge protection tree. The grafting takes place in mid-to-late March before the rootstocks germinate. The grafting parts are high joint of the main trunk, high joint of the backbone branch, and high joint of the multi-head. The methods are split, cut, insert, abdominal and so on. If the large branches are bare and the branches are vacant, you can also fill in the gaps by cutting the abdomen, subcutaneous abdominal connection, and inlaying.
Bridging trees is also generally carried out in mid-to-late March, mainly for trees with large trunks, large main branches with rot disease scars, branch rot disease (coarse skin disease), and ring peeling is not healed, improper fertilization burned bark trees. The method is to use the root branches or annual long branches to cross the wound and build bridges, so that the nutrient transportation channel under the tree is through, ensuring the stable yield of the immortal tree and the large branch.
Content source: New technology for fruit tree planting
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