Key points of cultivation technology and cultivation management procedures under the goldenrod lotus forest
2． Seedling preparation
(1) Seedling selection
The planting density under the golden lotus forest is high and the amount of seedlings required is large, and the factory tissue culture seedlings are the best choice at present. First of all, according to the market demand to determine the seedling varieties, followed by the selection of excellent seedlings, strong seedlings.
(2) Refining seedlings
Tissue culture seedlings need to be refined before planting under the forest. Put the nasturtium tissue seedling culture bottle in an outdoor ventilated place, the temperature is 15 -25 ° C, avoid direct sunlight, for a period of 3 days, the fourth day begins to loosen the lid, for a period of 4 days, and then open the lid for 7 days (if the temperature > 25 ° C when the lid is opened, then open the lid for 3 days), and so on, the seedlings gradually adapt to the natural environment, that is, when the leaf color is thick green and the growth is robust, the seedling refining process is completed.
3． Planted under the forest
Before transplantation, tissue culture seedlings should go through the "one wash, two bleach, three showers, four disinfection, five packs" treatment process, the specific method is: the medium and the seedlings together gently take out, first wash the agar block with water, neatly put the human seedling frame; then rinse it, and then spray with running water for 1 - 2 minutes after a little drying; and then use carbendazim 1000 times liquid disinfection for 10 minutes to remove the bacteria, dry it slightly; after sterilization, the tissue culture seedlings are loaded into a clean carton or foam box to avoid contamination. Each layer is separated by clean newspaper, and the total height of the seedlings must not exceed 40cm, so as to avoid damage to the lower tissue culture seedlings after compression. During the whole operation, pay attention not to injure the tissue culture seedlings.
The day before transplantation, the soil is sprayed with water once, so that the soil water content is 50% - 60%, and it is dry for planting. The treated nasturtium tissue culture seedlings were planted per plant, the planting plant row spacing was (3-5)cmx (3-5)cm, and the depth was 1.5-2.0 cm, and after planting, it was watered with sufficient fixed root water.
4． Growth phase management
(1) Water and fertilizer regulation
According to the water demand law and climatic conditions and soil moisture supply conditions in different growth and development periods, timely irrigation and drainage are carried out to maintain a good aeration condition of the soil.
Spray every two days after the evening in the summer sunny days, spray every 7-10 days in the spring and autumn after the evening, and in the dry season and high temperature season, the number of sprays can be appropriately increased according to the degree of soil drought, and the relative moisture content of the soil is 60% - 80%. Spray daily before 9:00 a.m. in summer and in the afternoon when temperatures are high in winter or early spring. During the rainy season, the lotus plantation should be mainly drained to prevent water in the ground area.
Since the soil of the selected planting area is rich in organic matter, it is basically not necessary to apply fertilizer, but the soil with less humus content should be appropriately supplemented with fertilizer, and the fertilization is mainly organic fertilizer, and a small amount of chemical fertilizer is applied according to the growth and development characteristics of nasturtium.
(2) Light regulation
According to the weather conditions, monitor the light intensity of the planting ground under the forest at any time and control it at about 30001x, the high temperature is strong, and the shade is enhanced when the light is strong, so as to avoid the exposure of the nasturtium to be burned under strong light.
(3) Control of major pests
The control of pests and diseases of medicinal plants should adopt an integrated control strategy. In accordance with the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention", adhere to the governance principle of "agricultural control, physical control, biological control as the mainstay, and chemical control as the supplement". When pesticides must be applied, the minimum effective dose and high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides should be used in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Pesticides to reduce pesticide residues and heavy metal pollution and protect the ecological environment. Specific reference can be made to the pesticide varieties listed in the "List of Main Varieties of Low-toxicity and Low-Residue Pesticides used in the Planting Industry (2016)".
(1) Major disease prevention and control Diseases mainly include stem rot and anthrax. The following measures can be taken for prevention: cultivating robust sterile test tube seedlings; disinfecting the soil and environment before colonization; rational layout to avoid high temperature and high humidity environment; timely removal of diseased strains; scissors and other utensils need to be strictly disinfected. When diseases are found, the corresponding pesticides are selected for prevention and control in a timely manner.
Stem rot control can be sprayed with 75% Bacillus Clear Wettable Powder 600 times liquid, or 65% alum wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600 times liquid spray. If you see sporadic disease seedlings, you should spray to improve the control effect, once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times.
Anthrax control can be sprayed with Bordeaux liquid, or 80% zinc 600- to 800 times liquid, or 70% methylthioxine 800-1000 times liquid, every 7-10 days, 2-3 times.
(2) Control of major insect pests and other harmful animals With physical avide and insecticides combined to control insect pests: clean planting of furrows and remove weeds and debris around them; artificial killing, using quicklime sprinkled around the seedbed or artificially captured methods to control snails, slugs and horses and other larger pests; in snails and slugs and other mollusks, sprinkle smida (6% tetracetal) prevention and control; use 73% gmite 3000 times liquid to control red spiders, with 10% imidacloprid 5000 times liquid control leafhoppers.
Small-land tiger control methods: purse seine nets are set around the planting furrows; manual hunting; use of sweet and sour booby traps (sugar: vinegar: wine: water is 3:4:1:2. Add a small amount of insecticides, such as Lesben or triazophos).
Mite pest control method: timely removal of pest plants, centralized treatment, spray both sides of the leaves with soap bubble water, release predatory mites for biological control.
Methods of control of noctus twill moth: removal of weeds, ploughing of the sun, sprinkling of lime, destruction of its pupal environment; removal of eggs and swarms of infested larvae to reduce the source of insects; use sweet and sour booby trap solution (sugar: vinegar: water is 3:4:5, add a small amount of banana peels and insect repellent moths); control with high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsion 1000 times liquid.
Larger animals, such as pheasants, are protected by protective fences around the plantation.
(3) Weeding After the seedlings are planted, the weeds should be removed manually in time.
5． Harvesting and post-harvest processing
Take time: Colonize for 200-230 days, plant height 10-12cm, you can choose to dry dew on sunny days and harvest. The annual harvest time is generally from March to May and from October to December.
Harvesting method: Single plant whole grass is artificially harvested, and diseased plants are eliminated.
Post-harvest treatment: clean the plants with a high-pressure spray water gun, air dry, dry at low temperature or gradually heat and dry with an infrared drying box below 60 ° C, and the moisture content of the dried product is 10% - 12%.
Packaging: The product is sterilized by ultraviolet rays before packaging, and the vacuum packaging or co2 packing is adopted.
Storage: should be closed storage, pay attention to moisture-proof, insect-proof, anti-mildew, while preventing toxic and harmful substances pollution, long-term storage of products should be put into the cold storage, the temperature in the warehouse is controlled at 3-5 ° C.