There are several pests that are not known, and they do not know how to control them. Below, we've put together eight major crop pests and posted photos of them for you to know.
1
Underground pests
(1) Large black gill golden turtle
Insect name, coleoptera, gill turtle family. In China, it is distributed from Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in the north, to Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei and Sichuan in the south, from the eastern border of the former Soviet Union in the east, to Gansu in the west, and into Sichuan. It hosts apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots, plums, cherries, walnuts and a variety of crops. Larvae eat a variety of vegetable seedling roots, adults only eat leaves and some crop leaves, larvae can make vegetable seedlings deadly, resulting in lack of seedling ridges.
(2) Dark gill golden turtle
Insects, Coleoptera, Golden Turtle Family, distributed in more than 20 provinces (autonomous regions) and cities in China, are important underground pests of peanuts, beans and food crops, and gradually rise to the first place in the scarab subclass in terms of wide distribution and serious harm. The prevention and control of this pest should be based on agricultural control and combined with physical, chemical and other methods.
(3) Patina Golden Turtle
Insect name, coleoptera, family Lijin turtle. It is distributed in East China, Central China, Southwest China, Northeast China and Northwest China. Hosts are poplar, walnut, willow apple elm grape apple begonia hawthorn, etc. The larvae are harmful to the root system of the plant, so that the leaves of the host plant wilt and even die, and the adult insects cluster to harm the leaves of the plant.
(4) Caddisflies
Commonly known as ploughing dog, lara maggot, pickpocket dog, earth dog puppy (southwest region), silkworm (dubizai), northeast known as ground cockroach; Also known as Scissor Willow Boy (pickpocket's Taiwanese language). In Sichuan, it is known as the earth dog. It is an underground insect with a small to large body, of which the short-bellied caddisflies are the smallest (body length <2 cm) and the single-spined caddisflies are the largest (body length>4 cm); It belongs to the Cricket Family in taxonomy and is independent of the Family Of Flies. The body of this insect is fusiform, the forefoot is a special excavator foot, the female lacks an egg-laying device, the male external reproductive structure is simple, and the male and female can be identified by the wing vein (the male overfewing has a vocal structure).
(5) Ditch golden needle worm
It is an insect of the family Percussidae of the Coleoptera family, the larvae are also known as wire worms, ginger worms, goldentooth rakes, etc., and adult worms are called kowtows. It is mainly distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and other provinces and regions in China, and is a multi-food underground pest. In dryland areas, the occurrence of silty loam soil and silt clay soil belt with lack of organic matter and loose soil quality is more serious; Living in the soil for a long time, it takes about 3 years to complete 1 generation.
(7) Yellowland tiger
A species of the genus Nocturnidae in the family Nocturnidae. Adults are 14 to 19 mm long and have a wingspan of 32 to 43 mm. All yellow-brown. The subbase of the forewings and the inner, middle, and outer striations are not very obvious; The kidney-shaped, ring- and wedge-shaped stripes are all very pronounced, each with a black-brown edge, a white hindwing, and a slightly yellowish-brown leading edge. The ovoid is semicircular, flattened, and about 0.5 mm in diameter.
(8) Earth Tiger
The earth tiger, also known as black worm, ground silkworm, soil silkworm, root-cutting worm, truncated insect, is a pest, the larvae will be vegetable seedlings near the ground of the stem bite off, so that the whole plant died, resulting in lack of seedlings and ridges, serious and even destroyed seeds.
(9) Breeding flies
The larvae feed on the underground tissue of germinated seeds or seedlings, causing decay and death. Seed flies, also known as gray ground fly, vegetable maggots, root maggots, ground maggots, seeds of vegetables (melons, legumes, cruciferous vegetables, spinach, onions and garlic, etc.) sown in the soil by larvae, eat endosperm or cotyledons, causing malformations, rot and can not emerge; Burrowing into the roots of vegetables causes rhizome rot or the whole plant to die. Species flies are world pests, which occur more often in northern Guangdong in China.
(10) Crickets
Invertebrates, insects, orthoptera, cricketaceae. Also known as promoting weaving, commonly known as clams, night bugs (because it sings at night), general worms, autumn worms, cockfighting, weaving, weaving, ground trumpets, stove chickens, Sun Wang, earth stings, "monk" is the name of crickets before they give birth to wings. According to research, crickets are an ancient insect that has been around for at least 140 million years and is an object of fighting between ancient and modern times.
2
Wheat pests
(1) Armyworm
Also known as shaving insect, marching insect, commonly known as multicolored insect, wheat silkworm, is a kind of wheat, corn, sorghum, rice and other food crops and pasture omnivorous, migratory, intermittent outbreak pests. It can harm more than 104 species of plants in 16 families, especially grass-loving plants. Except for the local area in the northwest, it is distributed in other places. When the armyworm outbreak occurs, it can eat the leaves of the crop and seriously damage the growth of the crop.
(2) Wheat aphids
Commonly known as honey worms, greasy worms, belongs to the order Homoptera, aphid family. Common wheat aphids in China include wheat long tube aphid, wheat binary aphid and aphid pipe aphid. These three aphids are distributed in various wheat areas in Anhui, and often occur in mixtures, mainly wheat long-tube aphid and wheat dipter aphid. Wheat aphids suck the juice of wheat stems, leaves and ears with adult and nymph spines. Wheat seedlings are affected, the light leaves are yellow, growth stagnation, and the tillering is reduced, and the wheat plant wilts and dies in the heavy case. At the ear stage, the wheat grain is not full, and when it is severe, the wheat ear is dry and not fruitful, and even the whole plant dies. In addition, wheat aphids can also transmit a variety of myricoid diseases. Bulbophyllum longifolia and dipterus are the main vectors of yellow dwarf disease, with diptera being the most virulent. In addition to wheat, wheat aphids can also harm crops such as corn and sorghum. Wild hosts include Mai Niang, Goose View Grass, Que Mai, Ma Tang and so on.
(3) Wheat suckers
It is a world pest and is widely distributed in major wheat-growing countries in Asia, Europe and the Americas. Domestic wheat pulfilars are also widely distributed in the main wheat-producing areas of the country, and there are two main types of wheat palsys in China, namely red pulsators and yellow pulsatiles. Wheat red plasma suckers mainly occur on both sides of the river in plain areas, while wheat yellow plasma suckers occur mainly in plateau areas and alpine areas.
(4) Wheat leaf bees
Insect name, hymenoptera, leaf bee family. Widely distributed. It mainly occurs in the wheat area north of the Huai River, where it harms wheat crops and weeds such as wheat maidens. Wheat leaf bees harm wheat leaves with larvae, and bite inward from the edge of the leaves to form a missing moment, and the heavy ones can eat all the wheat leaves.
(5) Pest mites
The mites are also called fire dragons, red spiders, yellow spiders, etc., it is not an insect, it belongs to the arachnid order ticks. There are many kinds of pest mites, and the serious harm in garden plants are Shi's leaf mite, wheat rock mite, woolly poplar gall mite, cinnabar leaf mite, willow prickly skin mite, hawthorn leaf mite, etc., belonging to the leaf mite family and the gall mite family. It mainly harms apples, peaches, poplars, willows, hawthorns, large-leaved boxwood, national locusts, plane trees, lawns, moons, roses, white clovers, peppercorns and other garden plants.
3
Grain multigrain pests
(1) Corn borer
Corn borer is the main pest of corn. Also known as corn drill heartworm, belongs to the lepidoptera, borer moth family, the corn borer that occurs in China has two kinds of Asian corn borer and European corn borer, mainly for corn, sorghum, millet, etc., but also for cotton sugarcane, hemp, sunflower, rice, sugar beet, sugarcane beans and other crops. It is mainly distributed in Beijing, Northeast China, Hebei, Henan, Sichuan, Guangxi and other places. Spring, summer and autumn sown corn in various places have been affected to varying degrees, especially summer sown corn. It can harm various parts of the ground of corn plants, causing the affected parts to lose their function and reducing grain yield.
(2) East Asian flying locust
Locust is a general term for insects of the orthoptera locust suborder Locust family, there are more than 600 species in China, and the most harmful are the East Asian flying locust and the Asian flying locust. It belongs to the order Orthoptera, a family of locusts. It is distributed in China from Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi in the north, to Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi and Yunnan in the south, to the coastal provinces in the east, and to the south of Sichuan and Gansu in the west. It is often found in the Huang-Huai-Hai area. Wheat, maize, sorghum, millet, rice, millet and other grasses. It can also harm cotton, soybeans, vegetables, etc. Adult and nymphs bite the leaves and stems of plants, and when they occur, they migrate in groups and eat patches of crops into bare stalks. The locust plague in Chinese historical records is mainly the East Asian flying locust. It has happened more than 800 times
(3) Sorghum strip borer
Insect name, Lepidoptera, moth family. It is found in most provinces of China and is often mixed with corn borer. It mainly harms sorghum and corn, but also millet, sugarcane, barley, hemp and other crops. The larvae are infested by the stems of borer crops, and several or more than ten larvae can be seen in the stems of moths, and the victim plants are easily folded into spikes by the wind, which affects the yield and quality. The affected plant seedlings form dead heart seedlings when the seedlings are young, and the heart leaves have irregular translucent spots or worm holes when they are exposed, and there are fine-grained insect droppings nearby.
(4) Corn aphid
An insect of the genus Aphids in the family Aphididae. Harmful organisms, can harm corn, rice and a variety of grass weeds. At the seedling stage, adult aphids and aphids cluster in the heart leaves are infested, and after the panicle is extracted, it harms the panicle, absorbs the sap, hinders growth, and can also spread a variety of grass cereal viruses. Predators include heterochromatic ladybirds, seven-star ladybirds, turtle-striped ladybirds, aphid-eating flies, grasshoppers and parasitic wasps.
(5) Millet ash borer
It is widely distributed in the northern millet producing areas such as Northeast China, North China, Inner Mongolia, Northwest China and North East China, as well as some sugarcane producing areas in Guangdong, Taiwan, Guangxi and Sichuan provinces (regions).
4
Cotton hemp insects
(1) Cotton aphids
An insect of the genus Aphids in the family Aphids. Commonly known as greasy worms. It is a worldwide cotton pest. It occurs in all cotton areas of China and is one of the important pests in the cotton seedling stage. Host plants include pomegranates, peppercorns, hibiscus, rat plums, cotton, melons and so on.
(2) Cotton leaf mites
Cotton leaf mites, also known as cotton red spiders, occur in all cotton areas in China, in addition to harming cotton, it also harms corn, sorghum, wheat, soybeans and so on. Hosts are extensive. Cotton leaf mites mainly suck sap on the back of the cotton leaf surface, so that the leaf surface appears yellow spots, red leaves and fallen leaves and other harmful symptoms, resembling fire, commonly known as "fire dragon". The outbreak year has caused a large-scale reduction in production or even a no-show. It can be harmful throughout the reproductive period of cotton.
(3) Cotton bollworm
Lepidoptera, a genus of insects, is a large pest of the cotton bud stage. It is widely distributed in China and around the world, and occurs in both cotton and vegetable growing areas in China. The cotton areas of the Yellow River Basin and the cotton areas of the Yangtze River Basin have suffered more severely. In recent years, the cotton area of Xinjiang has also occurred from time to time. There are more than 200 species of host plants in more than 20 families. Cotton bollworm is an important diamond moth pest during the cotton bud stage, mainly mothing buds, flowers, bells, but also eating young leaves. This insect is the dominant pest of the budding stage in the cotton area of China, and has been rampant in recent years.
(4) Hemp leaf nails
Commonly known as hemp fleas or ground trampolines, ground dogs, it is a bronze-green beetle. The worm is 1.8-2.6 mm long, the apex of the wing sheath is thick russet, the leg segment is very developed, and it is good at jumping. It occurs in all parts of China, once a year in the northeast hemp area, and twice a year in Shandong and other hemp areas. Hemp leaf beetles overwinter as adults at 1-1.5 cm in the soil or at hemp leaves, grass remnants, plant residues and soil cracks. Adults nibble on hemp leaves into many small holes, affecting the growth of hemp plants, and also nibble on inflorescences and immature seeds, which is a serious harm at the seedling stage.
(5) Blind bugs
It is a pest that mainly harms cotton. The symptoms of pest are adult insects and nymphs sucking, so that the top buds of cotton seedlings at the cotyledon stage are scorched and blackened, and they cannot grow the main trunk; After the true leaves appear, the top buds are killed and died, the indeterminate buds grow into multi-head cotton, or the damaged top buds expand into broken leaf bushes, called broken head madness; The young leaves are killed, and the leaves unfold into broken leaves, called leaf breakers; The young buds are killed, turn from yellow to black, and fall off after 2 to 3 days; The medium-sized bud is killed, and the bracts open into open buds, which soon fall off; Young bells are killed, light victims are water-stained spots, heavy rigidity falls off; The top and side hearts are killed, and the branches and leaves grow wildly, called broom seedlings.
(6) Thrips
It is an insect that sucks up plant sap for its livelihood and belongs to the order Lycaenidae in animal taxonomy. The larvae are white, yellow, or orange, while the adults are brown or black. Eating can cause damage to leaves and flowers.
(7) Ma TianNiu
Insect name, Coleoptera, Celestial Porcupine. It is found in Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Jiangsu in China. Hosts cannabis, ramie, ramie, cotton, etc. Larvae burrow into hemp stems to eat the stems or adults to eat hemp leaves and young heads, affecting the growth and development of hemp plants and being easily blown down by the wind, affecting yield and quality.
5
Oil crop pests
(1) Soy esophidore
Genus Insects Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera) of the family Olethreu-tidae. Commonly known as soybean borer pods, small red worms. Soybean pest. In China, it is mainly distributed in northeast China, north China, northwest China and Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong and other places, with the three northeastern provinces, Hebei and Shandong suffering more heavily. It is also found in Japan, North Korea and the Far Eastern coastal areas of the Soviet Union. The larvae are fed on the pods, and the larvae are made into a white wire mesh to cover the larvae before they enter, generally mothed from the joint seam of the pods, and the beans are bitten into a groove or broken.
(2) Pod borer
As a worldwide distribution of bean pests, the insect is distributed throughout China, with East China, Central China, South China and other regions suffering the most. The pod borer is oligotentic and hosts legumes, which are the main pests of southern legumes. Larvae feed on bean kernels in the pods, and the damaged seeds are hollowed out, leaving only the seed stalk; Light moths are missing and can hardly be used as seeds; The damaged grains are also filled with insect feces, browning to the point of mildew. In general, the pod borer enters from the middle of the pod.
(3) Rape aphids
It is one of the common diseases and insect pests of rapeseed, and it is densely sucked in sap on the leaf back, cabbage heart, stem branches and flower shafts, so that the leaves curl and shrink, and the growth of seedlings is slow; The growth of young stems and flower shafts is stagnant, and the number of flowers and siliques is reduced, which often causes plant death.
(4) Meadow borer
Moth family. Also known as yellow-green striped borer, beet, mesh borer. The grass borer is a large multi-food pest that can feed on more than 200 plants of 35 families. It is mainly harmful to sugar beets, soybeans, sunflowers, potatoes, hemp, vegetables, medicinal herbs and other crops. When it occurs, cereal crops, trees, etc. are affected by it. But its favorite plants are gray cabbage, sugar beets and soybeans. Grassland borer is mainly distributed in Northeast, Northwest and North China in China. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, meadow borers have been severely occurring in the northeast in 1956, 1979, 1980 and 1982.
(5) Vegetable powder butterfly
Lepidoptera, Butterflyidae. Vegetable powder butterfly is also known as vegetable white butterfly, and the larvae are also known as vegetable green worms. Adults are 12 to 20 mm long, with a wingspan of 45 to 55 mm, a black body, a dense thorax covered with white and gray-black long hairs, and white wings. The female forewings are mostly black on the leading margin and base of the forewings, with 1 large triangular black spot at the apex and 2 black round spots on the outer side of the middle and outer, juxtaposed anteriorly and posteriorly. The base of the hindwings is greyish-black with a black spot on the leading edge, which is connected to the black spot behind the forewing when the wing is spread. The genus is fully metamorphosed. The main host is in the cruciferous family, Asteraceae, Spinosa and other 9 families of plants, mainly for the harm of cruciferous vegetables, especially kale, kale, cauliflower and other serious victims.
(6) Bean moth
Insects Lepidoptera Lycaenidae. The spread wings are 105 to 120 mm wide. The main feature is a dark brown longitudinal line in the center of the dorsal side of the thorax. The upper wing is a relatively simple brown with a small triangular black-brown spot at the end of the wing. The difference between male and female is not obvious. The approximate species are the grape moth and the saw-line moth. Adults occur from April to October and live in mountainous areas from flat to mid-altitude. It is phototropic at night. The bean moth is mainly distributed in the Huanghuai River Basin and yangtze River Basin and South China in China, and the main host plants are soybean, mung bean, cowpea and locust.
(7) Yellow wide strip jumping armor
Aliases Yellow broad-striped cabbage jumping beetle, belongs to coleoptera, leafy beetle family, pseudo-yellow-striped jumping beetle, vegetable fleas, soil fleas, earth fleas, yellow fleas. Distribution: Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Gansu, Shandong, Shanxi, Jiangsu, etc., endangering kale, cauliflower, cabbage, radish and other cruciferous vegetables.
(8) Small cabbage moth
Lepidoptera, family, alias: small green worm, bicephalic tip. The world's migratory pests are mainly cruciferous plants such as cabbage, purple cabbage, broccoli, cabbage, mustard greens, cauliflower, cabbage, rapeseed, radish and so on. Pest characteristics: the first larvae only eat the leaf flesh, leaving the epidermis, forming a transparent spot on the leaf, "opening the skylight", the 3rd to 4th instar larvae can eat the leaf into holes and missing carvings, and in severe cases, the whole leaf is eaten into a network. At the seedling stage, the heart leaves are often concentrated as a pest, affecting the heart. On residual plants, young stems, young pods and grains are endangered.
6
Potato pests
(1) Potato ladybug
It belongs to the Family Ladybirds of the Order Coleoptera, and adults and larvae peel off the flesh of the leaf on the back of the leaf, leaving only the epidermis, forming many irregular translucent fine concave lines, shaped like the bottom of the leaf. It mainly harms potatoes, eggplants, green peppers, beans, melons, corn, cabbage and other vegetables, and is widely distributed. It can eat leaves into holes, and even only leaf veins remain. In severe cases, the affected leaves withered and browned, and the whole plant died. The fruit is often cracked, the tissue stiffens, rough, bitter and inedible.
(2) Sweet potato wheat moth
Insect name, Lepidoptera, Wheat Moth family. Distributed in North China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest China and so on. The larvae feed on the leaves, shoots, young stems, and shoots, or rolls up the leaves and bites them into holes, and only the veins remain when severe.
7
Sugar pests
(1) Beet jumping nails
Insect name, coleoptera, pyrophyllaceae. Distributed in Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Heilongjiang and so on. Hosts sugar beets, quinoa, buckwheat, rhubarb, and sorrel. Adults are infested beet seedlings, and the epidermis of the affected leaves is eaten, forming light-colored spots that gradually become holes, causing the whole plant to wither.
(2) Beet weevil
Insect name, Coleoptera, weevilidae. It is found in Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Ningxia and Gansu. Host plants include beets, spinach, cabbage, kale, melons and so on. After the beet seedlings are unearthed, the adult insects bite the cotyledons and true leaves into a missing moment, and when they are severe, they eat the leaves or bite off the young stems, resulting in the lack of seedlings and ridges. The larvae bite the beet roots underground, affecting the growth of the roots, and the whole plant dies.
8
Food storage pests
(1) Corn weevil
It is parasitic on corn, beans, buckwheat, peanut kernels, hemp seeds, cereal flour, dried fruits, yeast cakes, macaroni, bread, etc. The larvae feed only on grain seeds, of which corn, wheat and sorghum are heavily affected. 1 to several generations occur in 1 year, which varies by region. It can breed in the barn or fly to the field to breed. Cold tolerance, hunger tolerance, egg laying power are strong, and the development rate is faster.
(2) Wheat moth
Lepidoptera, a species of insect in the genus Wheat Moth, has been documented in more than 3,700 species, including several important pests. Worldwide distribution. Adults are brown with gray or silver markings. The wingspan is generally 19 mm, and the forewings are narrow. The outer edge of the hindwing is concave and the tip of the wing protrudes. The larvae are light in color and glabrous. Lifestyles vary, or moths into plants, or weave nets, or form galls, or curl leaves.
(3) Valley borer
Larvae are used as pests of various grains and processed products, beans, oil, peanuts, various dried fruits, dried vegetables, milk powder, candied fruits, Chinese medicinal materials, tobacco leaves, etc. Among them, cereals, soybeans, melons, dates and cereal flour are the most affected. The larvae prefer to eat the grain embryo, which affects the germination rate; Moths eat dried fruits and dried vegetables into holes and lack of carvings, often spit silk with grain grains and excrement, and knotted nets to seal their surfaces, so that they will agglomerate and deteriorate.
(4) Bean elephant
Insect names, coleoptera, mypanaceae, bean elephant genus. The body is oval, small to medium, and a few species are larger. The compound eye is large and the leading edge is strongly concave. Antennae 11 segments, serrated, ctenophoric. Distributed in Guangdong, Fujian, Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shandong, Henan, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Hubei, Guangxi and other places. It mainly harms cowpeas, but also endangers red beans, mung beans, chickpeas, rarely endangers soybeans and peas, and does not endanger beans.
(5) Millet
Also known as "rice beetle", an important pest of storing grains, the family Gribraidae. Adults are about 2.3–3 mm long, dark russet to dark brown, slightly shiny, the head is hidden under the forebreast and perpendicular to the thorax, and the three segments at the end of the antennae are enlarged in gill flakes; The forethia is cylindrical in shape with small neoplastic processes on the back. The larvae are insufficiency, curved in shape, have a small head, an enlarged thorax, and are sparsely hairy yellowish throughout. Generally, there are 2 generations per year. Adults and larvae are infested with grains, beans, flour, etc. Prevention and control method: reduce the moisture and temperature of grain storage, carry out scientific management of grain storage, and fumigate it with cyanic acid gas, chlorinated bitterness, bromomethane dichloroethane and other drugs when necessary.
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This article was published by the "Laodao" WeChat public account, November 25, 2017