The Chronicle of Yuqing County of the Republic of China records that in the Qing Dynasty, Yuqing County produced a total of six jinshi, who were:
Mao Wanhou (毛萬侯), who had lost the examination in the examination, was specially subject to Chuxiong Province; Mao Youxin, Jiaqing Hade Branch Jinshi, ZhiXian of Tianhe County, Guangxi; Mao Youyou, Jiaqing Gengchen Jinshi, Zhixian of Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province; Zhang Xiangqian, Jiaqing Jiashu Branch Jinshi, Yunnan Zhixian; Ouyang Tingjing, Xianfeng Yan ugly branch Jinshi, dian chief, guan Guangxi Yangshuo County Zhixian; Yu Tao, Guangxu Ding Ugly Branch, one hundred and forty-three, served as professors of Guiyang Province.
However, in the "Wenjinshi of Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty," "700 Jinshi of Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty," and "Records of the 80 Jinshi of Zunyi Song, Ming, and Qing," which were compiled by the famous literary and historical experts Wang Yifu, Xiao Sichun, and Fang Zhi of Zunyi City, there were only 4 Qing Qing jinshi, namely Mao Youxin, Zhang Xiangqian, Ouyang Tingjing, and Yu Tao, and there were no 2 Mao Wanhou and Mao Youyou.
In the Qing Dynasty, were there 6 or 4 jinshi in the Yuqing County Examination? Are Mao Wanhou and Mao Youyou Yuqingren? In the list of Guizhou scholars in the Qing Dynasty, were there Mao Wanhou and Mao Youyou? As a Yuqing person, it is necessary to clarify these problems.
The earliest county chronicle of Yuqing is the Kangxi Yuqing County Chronicle, which was written in the fifty-seventh year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1718). In his records of juren and gongsheng, there is such a clause: Mao Yi, Zi Wanhou, Kangxi Jia Wuke Chinese style twenty-eighth place, Pingyue County School, Xuanzhi County.
The second county chronicle of Yuqing County is the Guangxu Yuqing County Chronicle, which is a manuscript completed by Tang Jianpan in the 30th year of Guangxu (1908) in the late Qing Dynasty. The book's accounts of lifting people and entering soldiers are mixed in with the "election" entry. Reading the entire entry, I found that there were also 6 recruits, namely:
Mao Yi, 28th in the Kangxi Jia Wu Branch, Pingyue County School, Ding Weijinshi;
Mao Youxin, Jiaqing thirteen years pentachen Cisco, has been a scholar of the Branch, official Guangxi Tianhe County Zhi County;
Zhang Xiangqian, Jiaqing Eighteenth Year Decay Family, Jia Shu Jinshi, Zhi County, Yunnan;
Mao Youyou, Jiaqing Twenty-one Years of The Family of Propylene, Gengchen Jinshi, Zhi County, Jingyang County, Shaanxi;
Ouyang Tingjing, 29 of the Daoguang 26 C.D., Xianfeng Yan Ugly Jinshi, The Chief of the Hand-picked Military Department, Zhi County, Yangshuo County, Guangxi.
Yu Tao, one hundred and five of the Ding Family in the sixth year of Tongzhi (Supplementary Line Three Branches). Guangxu Ding ugly will try, one hundred and forty-two soldiers. He was appointed as a professor of Guiyang Fuxue (Xianfeng Xin Youbagong).
Both of the above-mentioned chronicles mention that Mao Yi ranked twenty-eighth in the Guizhou Township Examination in the fifty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty, that is, in 1714, and that he studied in Pingyue County before Zhongju, and the Qing Guangxu Yuqing County Chronicle also added him as "Ding Weijinshi". In addition, the latter chronicle also has Mao Youyou recorded: Qing Jiaqing twenty-one years of the Czi Branch Zhongju, Gengchen year to pass the jinshi, the official Jingyang County, Shaanxi Zhi County.
Following the clues of Mao Youyou provided in the "Guangxu Yuqing County Chronicle", we found such a record in the "Jingyang County Chronicle": "Mao Youyou, Yu Qingjinshi, sensitive and decisive, honest and self-guarding, honoring the sages." On the day of death, the poverty is as simple as hansu, the gentleman is helped by gold, and the coffin begins to return to his hometown. ”
The Mao surname in Yuqing belongs to the Wang clan. According to historical records, in the third year of Emperor Qianfu of Tang (876 AD), Mao Ba, a Fengxiang man from Nanjing, accompanied Yang Duan into the rebellion of Pingnanzhao, and because of his merits, he was consold by Zhongyi and Shi shou Yuqing. Subsequently, its land was either Tuzhi Prefecture or The Governor's Division, which was controlled by the descendants of Maoba. It was not until the twenty-ninth year of the Ming Dynasty (1601) that the land was changed to the stream, and the two chiefs of Yuqing and Baini established Yuqing County, and the chief of Mao's Toast was changed to Tuxian County and followed it to Qingwei. Because the two people involved are surnamed Mao, it is easy for people to think in the direction that they may be the descendants of Yu Qing's chief executive. Sure enough, in the "Yuqing Mao Clan Literature and History Materials" and the genealogy of the descendants of Mao Shi, the chief of The Yuqing ChiefTain, there are records of Mao Yi and Mao Youyou:
Mao Yi (毛邑), formerly known as Mao Zhiyi (毛之邑), was born in the town of Ao Xi in present-day Yuqing County, and was the younger brother of Mao Zhirui in Yuqingtu County. Mao Yi was brilliant and extremely talented since childhood, studying in Pingyue County, Bowen Qiangji, You Shan Shiwen, Qing Kangxi Fifty-three Years (1714) Jia Wuke Township Trial People, and later selected Zhi County. In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Ding Weike won the 93rd place in the third division of the temple examination. In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng (1735), he served as the prefect of Zhi County, Zhangqiu County, Shandong, and later promoted to the prefect of Chuxiong Prefecture in Yunnan.
Mao Youyou, also spelled Zhuangqi, Guanhong, and Nian'an, was born in Sanziba, Songyan Town, Yuqing County. Jiaqing twenty-one years of the Chengzi family (1816) raised people, Jiaqing twenty-five years (1820) Gengchen branch three first class 21 jinshi. From the third year of Daoguang to the ninth year of Daoguang, he served as the zhi county of Shenmu County, Shaanxi, and Daoguang served as the county of Zhi county of Jingyang County, Shaanxi in the twelfth year. He was decisive, honest and self-disciplined, willing to be poor, and deeply loved by the local gentry. When Daoguang died thirteen years in office in Jingyang Zhi County, he was destitute and had no money to return to his hometown. The local gentry spontaneously raised funds, and their coffins were able to return to their hometown of Yuqing.
Mao Youyou was a brother to Mao Youxin of jiaqing's fourteenth-year-old brother-in-law Enke (1809). Mao Youxin and Mao Youyou are the only pair of brothers in Yuqing's history.
In summary, Mao Yi (Mao Wanhou) and Mao Youyou were indeed Qing Dynasty jinshi and both were Yuqing people.
So, in the "Wenjinshi of Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty" and "700 Jinshi of Guizhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties", are there Mao Yi (Mao Wanhou) and Mao Youyou? some.
In the "Wenjinshi of Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty", Mao Yi was 93 members of the Yongzheng Fifth Year Ding Wei (1727) Branch Three Ranks. At the same time as him, he also won the list: Guo Shiqu of Anhua, 70 of the three first divisions; 85 of the Guizhu people Bao Zuoyong three-class; Li Yunsheng of Huangping, 88 of the three first divisions; and 136 of the Zunyi people Luo Migao three-class. Mao Youyou was a 21st member of the Jiaqing Twenty-fifth Gengchen (1820) Branch. Among those in the same discipline as him were Zhou Tao, a Guizhu person, 56 in the second class; Zhou Jing, a Guizhu person, 82 in the second class; Li Taijiao, a guizhu person, 90 in the second class; Liu Yintang in the Qingping people, 24 in the third class; Yuan Wenxiang in Puding, 58 in the third class; Zhou Jiquan, a scholar of the Xiuwen people, 97 in the third class; 98 in the Kaitai people, 98 in the three leagues; and 131 in the three leagues in the Zunyi people. It is only in this text that Mao Yi and Mao Youyou are regarded as "Pingyue" people.
In the "Ming and Qing Guizhou 700 Jinshi", the ranking of Jinshi is first classified by county (state) and then arranged by the subject of the list. The names of Mao Yi and Mao Youyou appear in the list of jinshi in Fuquan County. Mao Yi: Yongzheng 5th year (1727) Ding Weike Jinshi, Sanjia 93, Guanzhi County; Mao Youyou: Zi Zhuangqi, Guan Hong, Jiaqing 25 years (1820) Gengchen Branch Jinshi, Sanjia 21. Official Shaanxi Xingpingzhi County.
Why did the "Wenjinshi of Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty", "700 Jinshi of Guizhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties", "Zunyi Song, Ming, and Qing 80 Jinshi" and even "Guizhou Tongzhi" and so on, look at Mao Yi (Mao Wanhou) and Mao Youyou to the people of Pingyue, Pingyue County, and Fuquan County? The main reason is that historically, there was an administrative subordination relationship between Yuqing County and Pingyue Military and Civilian Prefecture, Pingyue Prefecture, and Pingyue Prefecture for more than 310 years; although PingyueWei, Pingyue County and Yuqing County did not have a boundary, and they were separated by Huangping Prefecture and Wong'an County, in the 192 years, they were all administrative districts under the jurisdiction of "Pingyue Military and Civilian Prefecture" and "Pingyue Province". The people who compiled the relevant historical materials did not understand or did not understand this deeply, did not study in detail the difference between "Pingyue" and "Pingyue County" and "Fuquan County" mentioned by their predecessors, and when they saw the word "Pingyue", they tried their best to lean on Pingyue County and Fuquan County.
According to the "Chronicle of Pingyue Prefecture" and "Chronicle of Fuquan County" and other records: Pingyue, Qin belonged to Qianzhong County, Han belonged to Muke County, and Tang belonged to Bozhou County. Song belongs to Yelang County. Yuan set up the Pingyue Chief Executive Division. In the eighth year of Ming Hongwu (1375 AD), the chief secretary of Pingyue was changed to the Pingyue Pacification Division. In the fourteenth year (1381 AD), the Pingyue Wei was established, and the following year the Pingyue Defensive Cadre House was set up. In the seventeenth year of Hongwu (1384 AD), it was changed to the Military and Civilian Command and Envoy Division; in the twenty-eighth year of the Ming Dynasty (1600 AD), after the rebellion of Yang Yinglong, who was originally subordinate to Sichuan, was quelled, the imperial court implemented the "land reform and return to the stream", dividing the former land of Bozhou into two, and establishing the two military and civilian governments of Zunyi and Pingyue, which were respectively under the administration of Sichuan and Guizhou provinces. At this time, the Pingyue military and civilian government led the four prefectures of Huangping, Wong'an, Yuqing, and Meitan, and the 3 wei of Pingyue, Xinglong, and Xintian, the 5 chief divisions of Huangping Qianhusuo and Yangyi, Xintian, Danping, Danxing, and Kaili, and the four paidi of Gaoping and Zhongping. In the sixth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1665), Pingyue County was established as Pingyue County, and the Pingyue Military and Civilian Government at this time had jurisdiction over 1 prefecture and 4 counties, namely Huangping Prefecture and the 4 counties of Wong'an, Yuqing, Meitan and Pingyue. In the 26th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the Pingyue Military and Civilian Government was changed to Pingyue Province. In the third year of Jiaqing (1792), Pingyue Province was changed to Pingyue Prefecture, Pingyue County was abolished, and the county officials were transferred to the newly established Xingyi County. At this time, Pingyue was directly subordinate to the three counties of Yong'an, Yuqing and Meitan and the three chiefs of Yangyi, Gaoping and Zhongping. During the Tongzhi period, Pingyue was directly subordinate to the three counties of Yong'an, Yuqing, and Meitan, as well as the area under the jurisdiction of the prefecture.
In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), Pingyue Prefecture was directly subordinated to Pingyue Prefecture, and Pingyue County was established in the original pro-jurisdictional annex area, and Wong'an, Yuqing, Meitan and Pingyue Counties were all under the administration of Qianzhong Province. In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), the Office of the Commissioner of the Seventh Administrative Supervision District of Guizhou was stationed in Pingyue, with jurisdiction over 6 counties of Pingyue, Guiding, Majiang, Yuqing, Wong'an and Lushan. After a year, the special office was moved to the far side of the town. Since then, Pingyue County has set up 4 towns and 9 townships to follow the founding of the People's Republic of China. In July 1953, Pingyue County was renamed Fuquan County, and the name of the newly changed county was named after the county seat of Fuquan Mountain and the name of "Fuquan". After Yuqing County was assigned to the Office of the Commissioner of the Seventh Administrative Supervision District of Guizhou and the Zhenyuan Special Office in the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), it was transferred to the Zunyi Special Office in April 1956.
In the 314 years from the 29th year of the Ming Dynasty (1601) to the third year of the Republic of China (1914), Yuqing belonged to a county under the jurisdiction of pingyue military and civilian provinces, Pingyue provinces, and pingyue prefectures. During this period, after Yuqing people walked out of their own provinces and prefectures, most of them would say that they were "Pingyue" people, just as it was natural for Yuqing people to go to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and even Chongqing today and say that they were Zunyi people. For Yu Qingren, who was an official like Mao Yi, Zhongju had studied in Pingyue County before, and it was easier to be treated as a "Pingyue County" person.
According to this, there is nothing wrong with describing Mao Yi and Mao Youyou as "Pingyue" people in the "Wenjinshi of Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty" and "Tongzhi of Guizhou" in the Qing Dynasty, but if they are attributed to the people of "Pingyue County" and "Fuquan" County, it is an intellectual error.
"Pingyue County" was established in the sixth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1665) to Change to Pingyue Wei, and Jiaqing was abolished in the third year (1792) and was not restored until the third year of the Republic of China (1914). The exact date of Mao Yi's birth and death is unknown, but we can deduce that he lived during the Kangxi and Qianlong dynasties. During this period, neither Pingyuewei nor Pingyue County and Yuqing County were on the same border, and Mao Yi's time in Pingyue County was about four years after the Kangxi Yuqing County Chronicle was written, and the possibility of compiling and miscounting the people who belonged to PingyueWei and Pingyue Counties under his own name was extremely small. Mao Youyi was raised in the twenty-first year of Jiaqing (1816), and Gengchen was a jinshi in the twenty-fifth year of Jiaqing (1820). It would be a bit absurd to say that he was a "Pingyue County" person, because in the more than 120 years before and after he became a soldier, "Pingyue County" did not exist at all. As for "Fukusen Prefecture", it is even more wrong, because "Fukusen" was used as a county name in 1953.
At this point, it is necessary to further sort out the six jinshi of Yuqing County in the Qing Dynasty.
Mao Yi (毛邑), courtesy name Wanhou, was born in present-day Ao Xi Town. Pingyue County Xuexiucai, Kangxi fifty-three years (1714 AD) in guizhou township examination 28. Subsequently, he participated in the Kangxi Fifty-fourth (1715 AD) and Kangxi Fifty-seventh (1718 AD) two times before passing through the ranks, and later selected ZhiXian as an alternate. In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727 AD), there were 93 members of the temple examination, and the former officials of Zhi County, Zhangqiu County, Shandong, and the prefect of Chuxiong Province, Yunnan.
Mao Youxin, literally "Heart One", was born in present-day Songyan Town. In the thirteenth year of Jiaqing (1808 AD), Si Keju was a person, and in the fourteenth year (1809) he was 69th in the third rank of the temple examination, and successively served as Zhi County of Tianhe County, Guangxi, and Zhi County of Mizhi County, Shaanxi.
Zhang Xiangqian, Jiaqing eighteenth year (1813 AD) Zhongju, nineteen years (1814 AD) Temple Examination Erjia 80, Guan Yunnan Zhi County.
Mao Youyi, zi zhuangqi, number Guan hong, yizi nian'an, born in Songyan Town, is the younger brother of Mao Youxin. Jiaqing Twenty-one Years (1816) Raised People, Jiaqing Twenty-five Years (1820) Temple Examination Three Ranks 21. He once served as a county in Xingping, Shenmu, Jingyang and other places in Shaanxi.
Ouyang Tingjing was born in Xinzhai Village, present-day Baini Town. Daoguang Twenty-sixth (1846 AD) Zhongxiang Examination 29th place, Xianfeng Three Years (1853) Temple Examination Third Class 50th place. After three years of probationary work in the military department, he was elected to Putian Zhi County in Fujian Province, and because of the request of his pro-elders, he was re-elected to Yongfu, Guangxi, and the actual place of appointment was Yangshuo.
Yu Tao, zi shuyi, number Zhaotang, was born in Yujia Lane, Jinziying Street. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861), he was paid tribute. In the first year of Tongzhi (1862 AD), Tongzhi Emperor Enzhun increased the indicators of the two subjects of Yi Di and Wu Wu that had previously been suspended in Guizhou due to the uprising of ethnic minorities, and the number of admission places increased significantly, and Yu Tao was selected with 105 candidates. In the third year of Guangxu (1877), there were 169 members of the third class of the temple examination, and he served as a professor of Guiyang Fuxue.