Reporter Zuo Xudong Wei Xiaobing
South of the clouds, the land of Yunling is scattered with large and small grasslands and grasslands, and the green carpet is spread out among the mountains and forests.
There are 1,048 contiguous grasslands of more than 10,000 mu, and the grassland area is 229 million mu, ranking 7th in the country. This is not only a different scenery of colorful Yunnan, but also a vast world for the development of animal husbandry on the plateau.
Nowadays, a new milestone has been erected in the development of modern agriculture with yunnan plateau characteristics, and China is the first to adopt the ternary hybrid method of breeding, and after 31 years of breeding, it is suitable for tropical and subtropical climate environments, and has the potential to produce high-grade snowflake beef, and the new breed of excellent beef cattle "Yunling Cattle" has entered this world.
Write the story of the 31-year cow - the birth of the "Yunling cow"
In 1984, a silver-white plane carrying a group of Australian Mole grey cattle "specially invited" by the Ministry of Agriculture crossed the ocean and landed at Kunming Wujiaba Airport.
Thirty-one years later, Huang Bizhi, president of the Yunnan Academy of Grassland Animal Sciences, and his colleagues came to the barn in the grassland of Xiaoxiao Township in Kunming City, and a black, yellow, and gray cow stuck out of the pen and shook their heads, swinging their ears and surrounding them. Huang Bizhi pointed to a few large bulls in the back row with strong bodies and bright black hair and proudly said: "Pretty, this is the breeding cow of 'Yunling Cattle', and its blood comes from the Mole Grey Cow that came from Australia to Xiaoyi in the 1980s." ”
In order to improve the situation of small individual cattle, slow growth and low meat production rate of local cattle, in 1982, the International Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of China and Australian animal husbandry experts, after visiting more than 10 provinces and cities across the country, selected this pasture in Xiaoxiao Township as a "handshake place" for cooperation between China and Australia in grassland and livestock improvement. The following year, the People's Government of Yunnan Province and the Australian International Development Assistance Agency formally signed a memorandum of understanding to establish the Yunnan Beef Cattle and Forage Research Center (renamed the Provincial Academy of Grassland Animal Sciences in 2008).
The "marriage" of 87 Molei grey cattle from Australia with 9 families and Yunnan cattle has produced a "Moyun" mixed group. In 1985, when the unusual-looking "Mo Yun" appeared in the small whistle pasture, it surprised the nearby farmers: this cattle grew so big! "Mo Yun" has the tall and toned of foreign "blood relatives", but has not been able to inherit two important qualities from the relatives of local cattle - disease resistance and adaptability. This is also evident in its foreign relative, the Mole grey cow, who is not tolerant of humid heat and humidity, and after being bitten by the cow tick in southern China, it is very easy to infect blood protozoal disease, fever, high fever, and death.
After the problem arose, the China-Australia expert group proposed to introduce neoplastic and subtropical cattle for re-improvement. In 1988, the project team introduced Brahmin cattle jelly essence from Guangxi to do ternary hybridization. To the scientists' excitement, one of the more than a dozen combinations had a low incidence and high resistance to ticks.
Since then, the hybrid cattle herd code-named B (Brahmin cattle) M (Mole gray cattle) Y (Yunnan cattle) has shone like a glowing fire in front of scientific researchers. From binary to tertiary, the cultivation of local beef cattle breeds in Yunnan has led to an unprecedented path of innovation. In November 2013, the Department of Agriculture of Yunnan Province submitted an application for the approval of new breeds of beef cattle to the State Commission on Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources; on October 27, 2014, the Ministry of Agriculture held a final review of the national new varieties (supporting lines) in Beijing, and "Yunling Cattle" passed the approval; after public announcement, on December 8, 2014, the Ministry of Agriculture issued a new breed certificate for "Yunling Cattle".
After 31 years of breeding, "Yunling Cattle" is the first beef cattle breed in southern China with intellectual property rights independently bred in Yunnan, and is the first new breed of excellent beef cattle that is suitable for tropical and subtropical climate environments and has the potential to produce high-grade snowflake beef, which is the fourth specialized beef cattle breed independently cultivated in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China. In 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture listed Yunling cattle as the main breed of beef cattle in the "13th Five-Year Plan" in the south.
The successful breeding of Yunling cattle is a typical successful case of Yunnan's introduction of foreign fine seed resources and technologies through digestion, absorption and re-innovation; it has innovated the beef cattle breeding mode of domestic international cooperation, the combination of scientific and technological institutions and enterprises, and the participation of farmers; it has filled the gap of new varieties of excellent beef cattle in southern China that have no independent intellectual property rights, and changed the status quo of high-grade snowflake beef production relying on foreign breed resources for a long time.
The "Rich Cow" and "Poverty Alleviation Cow" of Yunling Land
Walking into the breeding area of Shuangyou Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. in Malong County, Qujing City, through the transparent glass curtain wall, the entire standardized barn can be seen. Hundreds of Yunling cattle eat and drink in the clean and clean barn, soothing music plays in the barn hall, and a cow constantly massages its body under the rotating massage stick at the edge of the bar, looking comfortable. Huang Xin, general manager of the company, said that soothing music can improve the physical function of cattle, and adding distiller's lees concentrate can increase nutrition and improve meat quality.
Huang Xin was once the boss of a steel company, and the reason why he chose to come to Malong County to be a "cattle man" was to value the unique beef cattle breed of Yunling cattle and the advantages of forage resources in Yunnan. He decided to invest 2 billion yuan, from the steel industry to the "Yunling cattle" industry, using the "company + cooperative + base + farmer" mode of operation, each year can produce 100,000 heads of various types of beef cattle, the output value of 5 billion yuan, driving the county's more than 100,000 farmers per capita annual income of thousands of yuan, the formation of a whole industrial chain from breeding to processing to deep processing.
Driven by Yunling cattle, a large number of "cattle" have grown rapidly. Liu Guoyi, a villager in Maming Township, Malong County, raised 72 heads of Yunling cattle through cooperatives and Shuangyou Animal Husbandry, each of which can receive a subsidy of 1,000 yuan per year, cow insurance, epidemic prevention are fully subsidized by the government, relying on breeding Yunling cattle, Liu Guoyi built a two-story building, drove a car, and issued a "cattle fortune".
On a hillside in Caiyun Town, Lufeng County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, the standardized barn built in the second phase of Lufeng Caiyun Impression Modern Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. is nearing completion. Li Zenghong, general manager of the company, told reporters that in 2010, the company introduced Yunling cattle jelly essence as the father, and the first batch of calves was born shortly after the birth of the surprise found that the calves grew rapidly and were resistant to roughage, and the long skeleton while long meat, 20 to 24 months to reach the barn standard. He calculated for reporters that the profit per head of Simmental cattle was 1500 yuan, while the improved beef cattle of Yunling cattle were 3000 yuan.
"Yunling cattle breeding costs are low, the price is good, and it has truly become the 'rich cattle' of our ethnic minorities." Wang Chengzhong, secretary of the village committee of Caiyun Village, told the villagers' experience in developing Yunling cattle one by one, and an adult Simmental cow can feed two Yunling cattle in one day. Yunling cattle weigh 370 kilograms at the age of 1 and can sell for more than 9,000 yuan, while Simmental cattle only have about 150 kilograms. After the Yunling cattle calves grow to 4 months (weighing 120 kilograms), they are recycled by Caiyun Impression Modern Agricultural Development Company at 42 yuan per kilogram, and more than 3 heads are sold every year, and there is a reward of 500 yuan per head per year.
"Now a lot of farmers go to breed cattle and say that as long as BMY cattle. Yunling cattle are also called BMY cattle, and the 3 letters are derived from the first letter of the 3 parents. Li Zenghong, general manager of Caiyun Impression Modern Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., said. The next step for the company is to develop an agricultural estate based on planting and breeding, and plans to achieve the scale of 6,000 high-quality beef cattle per year. Mobilize more farmers to participate in the "enterprise + base + farmer" business model, and the scale benefits of production can be revealed.
In Banmu Village, Mengsuo Town, Ximeng Wa Autonomous County, Pu'er City, surrounded by clouds and fog all year round, a large cattle farm built on a hill appeared in front of reporters. Inside the cattle farm, a head of Yunling cattle is fat and strong, looking several times larger than the local native cattle. Wu Chengyi, the person in charge of the cattle farm, said that in the past, the native cattle here were raised in the mountains, because of the lack of breeding technology, the cattle grew slowly and were not large, and they were prone to disease, and the output was small and could not form an industry.
In order to change this situation, in November 2016, at the 14th China International Agricultural Products Fair and the 12th Kunming International Agricultural Expo, the Department of Agriculture of Yunnan Province, the People's Government of Ximen Wa Autonomous County and Yunnan Sanjiang Parallel Flow Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. signed the "Cooperation Framework Agreement on Precision Poverty Alleviation and Development Projects in beef cattle industry in Ximen County", and the three parties deepened cooperation and jointly implemented the precise poverty alleviation development project of the beef cattle industry in Ximen County. The Department of Agriculture of Yunnan Province undertakes industry leadership, technical training and policy support; the People's Government of Ximen County is responsible for providing the overall command and capital support for the implementation of the project; and the Sanjiang Parallel Flow Company is responsible for the construction of cattle source organization, breeding technology, planning, management and service, market planning, e-commerce, Internet + beef cattle intelligent cloud breeding information system.
In April 2017, the precise poverty alleviation development project of the beef cattle industry in Ximen County was officially launched, taking the first step in actively exploring the industrial precision poverty alleviation model of the border ethnic minority areas. At present, Ximen County has basically realized a new industrial chain of government guidance, enterprise-oriented, farmer participation, and market-oriented operation, and the backward animal husbandry methods that have relied on mountain free range for thousands of years have been upgraded.
Zheng Qingjiang, deputy secretary of the Ximeng County CPC Committee and head of the Poverty Alleviation Task Force dispatched by the Department of Agriculture to ximeng county, introduced that in Ximeng County, Yunling cattle are called "poverty alleviation cattle" by the Wa people. There are three options for wa people to work with cattle farms, including growing forage, raising cattle and working on cattle farms. The wage of part-time work is 100 yuan a day, the annual income of planting forage is tens of thousands of yuan, and the income of cattle breeding is higher. Cattle farms pay farmers according to the value-added income of cattle, and the better they are raised, the higher the income. Cattle farms will provide farmers with technical, veterinary, feed and other logistical support, even if the cattle die of disease, there will be a certain support.
On July 25, at the symposium on poverty alleviation in Ximeng County, the Department of Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Wang Minzheng, director of the Agricultural Office of the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and director of the Provincial Department of Agriculture, and Wang Ping, deputy director of the Agricultural Office of the Provincial Party Committee and deputy director of the Provincial Department of Agriculture, unveiled the "Yunling Cattle" expert Huang Bizhi Workstation.
Create an internationally competitive "Yunling Cattle" brand
The successful breeding of Yunling cattle has solved the bottleneck in the development of the beef cattle industry in Yunnan and even in southern China, created the first self-bred ternary hybrid beef cattle breeding precedent in China, filled the gap in the specialized breeding of high-grade "snowflake beef" in southern China, and broken the technical barriers of high-grade beef dependence on "Japanese Wagyu beef", and Yunling cattle have become a new highlight of yunnan plateau characteristic agriculture.
Yunling cattle have the characteristics of good reproductive performance, fast growth rate, wide range of suitability, good improvement effect and excellent beef quality compared with simmental cattle, Charolais cattle, Limousan cattle, Angus cattle and Japanese Wagyu cattle, which currently support the production of beef cattle in China. Yunling beef tastes pleasant, juicy, good flavor, "snowflake beef" grade (pattern density, tenderness, muscle color) and meat quality to reach the A3 level of the proportion is significantly higher than Simmental cattle, Charolais cattle, Limousan cattle and other varieties, is currently one of the excellent varieties of high-grade beef production in China. In terms of beef taste, it has reached the 5A level.
Yunnan is rich in forage resources, the province has a grassland area of 229 million mu, ranking 7th in the country, the second in the south, equivalent to the grassland area of New Zealand; contiguous grassland, the province has more than 10,000 mu of contiguous grassland 1177 pieces, of which 5-100,000 mu of contiguous 21 pieces, 10-200,000 mu of contiguous 9 pieces, more than 200,000 mu of contiguous 5 pieces; forage quality is excellent, all year round, the grassland is evergreen, more than 3200 kinds of feed plants can be eaten by livestock, and the growth cycle is long, the quality is good, and the yield is high. Most feed plants are rich in protein, fat, fiber, starch and sugar and other nutrients, can be "grass for grain", at the same time, rich in the world recognized king of pasture alfalfa, high protein content of annual multi-flowered ryegrass, light leaf ameth, silage corn and other high-quality forage; straw varieties, livestock edible crop straw has grain crop straw, bean straw, oil straw, sugarcane stalks, banana stalks, sweet potato vines, potato stems, vegetable leaves, etc., the annual crop straw output reaches more than 30 million tons.
Yunnan is located in a low-latitude plateau, with superior environment, three-dimensional climate, warm winter and cool summer, four seasons like spring, suitable for yunling cattle to breed and grow, is the best base for the development of ecological, environmental protection, organic Yunling cattle products and the production of high-end snowflake beef.
Zhang Zulin, vice governor of the People's Government of Yunnan Province, told reporters that in recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government have attached great importance to the development of the Yunling cattle industry, and Chen Hao, secretary of the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee, and Ruan Chengfa, governor of Yunnan Province, have repeatedly investigated the Yunling cattle breeding base and helped enterprises and farmers solve practical problems on the spot. On May 14, 2016, Yu Xinrong, deputy secretary of the party group and vice minister of the Ministry of Agriculture, came to Yunnan to investigate the breeding and utilization of new varieties of Yunling cattle and industrial poverty alleviation projects, and stressed the need to "aim at the forefront of the world, cultivate China's beef cattle brands, cultivate internationally competitive Yunling cattle brands and industries, and win glory for the country." ”
At the same time, the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and the Yunnan Provincial Government have carefully cultivated the Yunling cattle industry as a key industry of modern agriculture with plateau characteristics, compiled and issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" Yunling Cattle Industry Development Plan, further clarified the development ideas, principles, goals and measures, and listed the Yunling cattle industry as a key industry of modern agriculture with plateau characteristics and the preferred industry for poverty alleviation, and introduced a series of support policies in terms of land use, environmental protection, credit, insurance and other aspects.
At present, there are 7583 purebred Yunling cattle in the province, including 1380 breeding bulls, 6203 purebred cows, and 425,000 improved local cattle. Yunnan Province has built a national-level Yunling cattle core breeding farm, 6 expansion farms, 1546 purebred cows and 133 purebred bulls, with an annual breeding capacity of more than 850 heads, and can provide more than 1 million doses of frozen essence per year. Among them, the core breeding farm can breed 503 cows and 43 breeding bulls, with an annual breeding capacity of more than 200 heads; the expansion farm can breed 1043 cows, 90 breeding bulls, and the annual breeding capacity reaches 650.
The "13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of The 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Yunling Cattle industry with Plateau Characteristics in Yunnan Province" proposes that by 2020, it is necessary to "cultivate an internationally competitive Yunling cattle brand and industry, so that Yunling cattle can travel all over the Land of Yunling and go abroad"; the specific goal is to increase the per capita income of more than 500,000 Yunling cattle and more than 150,000 tons by 2020; the comprehensive output value of the whole industrial chain will reach more than 45 billion yuan, and the added value will reach more than 13 billion yuan; and the per capita income of Yunling cattle farmers will increase by more than 5,000 yuan.
Wang Minzheng, director of the Agricultural Office of the Yunnan Provincial PARTY Committee and director of the Provincial Department of Agriculture, told reporters that in the future, the focus of the development of the Yunling cattle industry should be exerted from six aspects: First, innovative breeding mode; second, innovative promotion mode; third, innovative development mode; fourth, innovative marketing method; fifth, focus on the construction of "three districts, one park, three platforms", "three districts", that is, Yunling cattle population improvement area, expansion and promotion area, fattening processing area; "one garden" that is, modern animal husbandry Yunling cattle industrial park; "three platforms" that is, The Yunling cattle standardized management information platform. Product quality and safety supervision platform, product traceability platform. Sixth, comprehensively promote green development. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, in Yunnan to engage in Yunling cattle breeding, the provincial level to provide Yunling cattle high-quality frozen essence free of charge; Yunling cattle industry related projects priority declaration, the central government has clearly supported the yunnan project, the focus is on the Yunling cattle breeding area; the provincial grassland animal husbandry development special transfer payment funds to give priority to supporting the development of the Yunling cattle industry; on the basis of the implementation of the above policies, the provincial level will also specially introduce the Yunling cattle financial support program, make full use of the plateau characteristics of modern agricultural development fund, leverage credit funds, Attract social capital to invest in the Yunling cattle industry. In order to reduce credit risks and breeding risks, we actively strive for guarantee companies and insurance companies to intervene in the Yunling cattle industry, and provincial finance focuses on giving loan discounts and premium subsidies. Large groups and large enterprises outside the province will give priority to supporting the investment in Yunling cattle industry in Yunnan.
"Yunling Cattle" carries the characteristics of the Yunnan Plateau modern agriculture to cultivate internationally competitive brands and industries, and carries the high hopes of agricultural efficiency and farmers' income.