Aphid control commonly used agents: 3% acetamidine 1000 times liquid or 10% fludaramide (longshi) 3000 times liquid or 25% prayadone 1500 times liquid or 19% bromocyanamide (verema) 1500 times + Jiamei 1000 times liquid spray.
2. Whiteflies
Field hazards: There are two manifestations of whitefly damage: First, due to its own secretion of honeydew, it often causes coal pollution disease in crop leaves, affecting the photosynthesis of leaves, resulting in reduced yield. Second, whiteflies are sucking mouthparts, which are important vectors for the transmission of viral diseases.
Life habits of whiteflies: The growth and development and reproduction of whiteflies are very much related to temperature and humidity. The optimal temperature for its survival is 20-28 ° C, and when it is above 30 ° C, the mortality rate of eggs and larvae is high, the life of adult insects is shortened, and there are few eggs laid, or even no reproduction. According to the experiment of the College of Plant Protection of Laiyang Agricultural College, the survival rate of whiteflies under the constant temperature condition of 30 °C is only 14.69%; while under the condition of 26 °C, the survival rate is 86.4%. Moreover, whitefly is a temperature-changing animal, and its respiratory rate will increase significantly when it is above 30 ° C, and it is easy to inhale more pesticides, which can greatly enhance the efficacy of pesticides. In the spring, summer and autumn, the severity of the occurrence of whitefly is related to the external rainfall, especially in the summer, if there is more rain, the incidence of whitefly is light.
Prevention and control program: Most of the current spray insecticides are mainly touch killing, and a few pesticides have both fumigation and food refusal effects. Whitefly cling to the leaf back to suck the sap of the leaves, which is easy to form a dead angle that pesticides cannot reach, especially in the case of lush plant growth. Moreover, when the whitefly is alarmed, it will fly to avoid, so that the touch killing effect of the liquid medicine is significantly reduced. Therefore, once the whitefly breaks out, it is difficult to rely on spraying alone to play a good prevention and control effect. Since the growth and development and reproduction of whiteflies are also very closely related to temperature, spraying combined with temperature or spraying should be adopted.
Temperature control method: the vent can be closed to ensure that the temperature in the shed is 1-2 hours at 30-33 ° C (it should be noted that the temperature should not be too high, and the time should not be too long, otherwise it is easy to produce drug damage), which can effectively improve the efficacy of pesticides and play a better control effect.
Vegetable farmer experience: Early stage: cavity application of insect repellent + other crops attraction + spray control
First, an aspirant agent is applied to the pit before colonization. For crop species that are susceptible to viruses, pest control begins with seedling colonization. Because after the colonization of crops, especially after the colonization of autumn stubble vegetables, it is a period when whiteflies are seriously harmful, and only by starting from before colonization can we avoid the proliferation of whiteflies and the spread of viruses. Now, there are many agents that can be applied in the market, such as biological bacterioplastic preparations, tablet pesticides with sustained release ingredients, etc., which can play a good role in deworming. There is no special cave deworming product, and some farmers choose 25% thiamethoxine (Aktai) + Jiamei dividend 800 times liquid pouring hole, which also has a good effect at the beginning of colonization.
Second, plant some "food" that whiteflies like between the rows to focus on prevention and control. After the hole application, even if there are whiteflies in the shed, they do not like to feed on the colonized crops, if the pillar or back wall of the shed is planted with some "food" that does not have a hole application agent and whiteflies, such as melon, tomatoes, kidney beans, etc., you can better observe the occurrence of whiteflies, so as to use the medicine as soon as possible to control the whitefly before the outbreak.
Third, viral diseases and whiteflies are suitable for growth under neutral or alkaline conditions. After spraying jiamei coin or vinegar liquid, the surface of the plant is acidic, which can inhibit or kill the bacteria and insect pests that do not like acidic conditions. After colonization, use Jiamei to spray once every 5-7 days, and spray 3-4 times continuously, which can effectively prevent and control viral diseases and increase production by more than 30%. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the supplement of micronutrient Jiamei dividend, Hailibao, the study has shown that the yellowing virus, fern leaf virus and iron, zinc, calcium and other elements are closely related.
Later stage: armyworm plate + spraying
When the plant is larger and the effect of burrowing agents is not obvious, the whitefly can live in a larger space and the difficulty of spray control is greater.
Whitefly have a strong tendency to yellow, and yellow armyworm plates can be set up in greenhouses to trap adult insects. Yellow plates can be purchased directly from the market or made in-house. Paint the cardboard yellow with paint, put on a transparent plastic bag, apply a layer of sticky oil (mix well with no. 10 oil and a little butter), and reapply the sticky oil every 10 days. Yellow plates can trap adult insects, but are more important in providing monitoring of the occurrence of whiteflies. The armyworm board can be suspended above the plant, and the bottom of the yellow plate is flat or slightly higher than the top of the plant, 40-50 pieces per acre. When an increase in whiteflies is found, spray the drug in time. When spraying, acetamidine, matrine, fipronide cyanide, alenazomim, bromocyanamide, spironyl mite ester, etc. can be used with chlorpyrifolipid, and the medication can be rotated to avoid the rapid development of resistance of whiteflies.
3. Ticks
Commonly used agents for the control of insect shell insects: (1) In the early stage, pyrethroids, highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides, and acaricides containing diesel engine oil are not used to ensure that natural enemies such as ladybirds have time to reproduce. (2) Do not eradicate weeds in the garden, so that natural enemies have a breeding ground. (3) Pay attention to observation, grasp the time law of the occurrence of insect shell insects in the field, and concentrate on spray control during the reptile stage. The selected agents are acetamidine, imidacloprid and rapid culling and other agents, can also be used 2 parts of thiazide, 1 part of chlorpyrifos, plus a little permeable agent spray, to play in the early stage of flowering or late flowering, in the evening or at night, or cloudy day, the whole plant water spray foot, its shield shell will open to kill, sunny days water evaporation too fast but the effect is not good, the plant is prone to drug damage.
4. Tsubaki Elephant
Tsubaki commonly used in the control of elephants: seize two key periods of spraying, one is the spring recovery activities of overwintering adults (mid and late March), and the first spray is carried out when the overwintering adults have poor drug resistance and have not yet laid a large number of eggs. Second, before the 3rd instar (in mid-to-late April), the resistance of overwintering adults drops to the lowest point, and the newly hatched nymphs are sprayed for the second time when the resistance of the nymphs is poor. The agent can choose a mixture of touch killing, systemic and fumigation, such as 5% fipronil 1500-2000 times liquid, 20% imidacloprid 4000 times liquid, 2.5% high efficiency permethrin 2500 times liquid and other sprays, spraying time should be selected before 10 am after 4 pm, the evening effect is better, but the temperature is not too low, otherwise it will affect the efficacy. Since Tsubaki is like lurking on the weeds under the tree and the inter-row crops during the day, and the tree is harmful at night, the spraying should focus on spraying the trunk, underground weeds and inter-row crops, so that the tree and under the tree are sprayed strictly and sprayed to achieve the purpose of eradication.
5. Leafhoppers
Commonly used agents for the control of leafhoppers: 3% acetamidine emulsion 1000-2000 times liquid, 0.3% neem emulsion 600 times liquid or 7.5% rotenone emulsion 500 times liquid or 20% infuran 4000 times liquid or 25% bifenum 1500-2000 times liquid, etc., the above pesticides can be selected before the peak period of leafhoppers, if the worms account for 80%, can receive better results.
6. Mites
Symptoms of field harm: The most harmful vegetables in the greenhouse are mainly tea yellow mites and dimaculata mites. The symptoms of mite pests are similar to viral diseases and hormone poisoning, and they are easily misdiagnosed by vegetable farmers. Mites, such as tea yellow mites are mainly harmful to the delicate tissues of vegetables, with the mouth needle to suck vegetable stems, leaves, fruits, in order to harm the growth points of plants and young fruits, after the harm, often cause the leaves and fruits deformed or split fruit, turn gray or brown; plant growth is hindered, growth weakening, seriously affecting the yield and quality of vegetables.
It is precisely because mites are mostly harmful to plant growth points, so their symptoms are similar to hormone poisoning or viral diseases. What needs to be reminded of vegetable farmers is that we must learn to identify, do not misdiagnose and mistreat, so as not to miss the time for prevention and control, resulting in a large occurrence of mites. Mites have a central onset center in the field, mostly in a segment. After the leaf is damaged, the back becomes brown with oil, twisted deformity, and curled downwards, which is different from viral diseases and hormone poisoning; after the fruit is damaged, the skin is "rusty", yellow-brown, wood-embolized, and cracked.
The activity habit of mites: the optimal temperature for mite growth and reproduction is 16-23 ° C, and the high temperature will shorten the life of adult mites and reduce their fertility. Humidity has little effect on adult mites, relative humidity above 40% adult mites can reproduce, but eggs and young mites have higher humidity requirements, relative humidity remain above 80% to develop. Therefore, a warm and humid environment is conducive to the occurrence of mites.
Prevention and control programmes
Pharmaceutical control:
(1) 43% biphenylhydrazine ester 3000 times liquid + 5% thiazone (nissolan) 2000 times liquid + Jiamei gold point 1000 times liquid spray;
(2) 20% butoromonate 2000 times liquid + 30% ethazole nitrile (Baozhuo) 2500 times liquid + Jiamei gold point 1000 times liquid alternately sprayed.
Vegetable farmer experience 1: control mites "three steps"
When the reporter visited Jitai Town in Shouguang City, he saw that many greenhouse eggplant leaves were dry and lifeless, and the vegetable farmers reported that the mites were too harmful, sprayed several times, and the recent spraying was caused by too much, but the insect prevention effect was not obvious. However, Master Zhao's eggplant has almost no mites as a pest, according to Master Zhao, if you want to better control mites, you have to go in three steps.
Step 1: Eliminate the source of insects. Dead leaves and weeds in the shed are the habitat of pests, so the first step in the prevention and control of mite pests is to eradicate the weeds in the shed in time, remove the dead branches and leaves, and cut off the source of infection.
Step 2: Temperature difference control mites. If the harm of mites in the shed is heavy, the breeding of mite pests can be prevented by adjusting the temperature in the shed (artificially created temperature difference). The daytime temperature can be increased to 32-35 ° C, maintained for more than two hours, and the nighttime temperature is maintained at 11-13 ° C to inhibit the reproduction of mites.
Step 3: Pharmaceutical control. It is necessary to alternately rotate the use to improve the effectiveness of prevention. However, it should be noted that mites are not only tender, but also easy to concentrate on the back of the leaves, so the leaf back is the focus when spraying. When spraying the acaricide, spray up and down, pay attention to the young parts, turn over the nozzle and spray the back of the leaf upwards.
Vegetable farmer experience 2: suppress mites with mites
Predatory mites, especially like to prey on pest mites, sheds to raise it can be very good to deal with shed pest mites and whiteflies. Master Li of Shouguang City, who has been raising mites for a year, said: "Since I raised this predator mite (courgette blunt mite), this year I have not sprayed insecticides, saving both labor and money, and also producing high-quality vegetables." ”
In contrast, chemical pesticides can only exert their effectiveness for a short period of time, and once the effect is over, the mites may begin a new round of reproduction and ravages. The use of this method of "treating mites with mites" to control the pest of mites is not only good and low cost, but also very in line with the requirements of standardized production.
Seven, thrips
Field performance: Thrips use adults and nymphs to file the sap of young shoots, young leaves and young melon fruits of crops, and the young leaves and young shoots become hard and shrink, the fur becomes gray-brown, the internodes are shortened, and the growth is slow. After infestation, there are often bright lines along the leaf veins on the back of the leaf, and the young fruits are hardened and deformed after being affected, and the epidermis is browned or thrombossed. Flower damage can cause flower drops and white or brown stripes near sepals. In order to harm the heart leaf, the growth point shrinks, and the serious damage often makes the crop grow slowly.
It should be reminded that because the thrips are filing suction mouthpieces, they will not cause the "bright skin" of the peel when harming the fruit. Thrips activity characteristics: Thrips adults are good at flying, afraid of light, mostly between leaf veins or in the hairy bushes or flower trays or corolla of young shoots or young fruits. Thrips have the habit of lying down at night, which is one of the reasons why thrips are difficult to control. When conventional contact killers are used, the insect body is not sprayed during the day. The peak period occurs in November-December in autumn or winter, and the second peak period occurs in March-July. Thrips prefer warm, arid weather, its suitable temperature is 23-28 ° C, suitable air humidity of 40% -70%; too high humidity can not survive, when the humidity reaches 100%, the temperature reaches 31 ° C, the nymphs all die.
Control program: First, control is carried out according to the characteristics of thrips.
According to the characteristics of thrips breeding quickly and are prone to disasters, prevention should be the mainstay and comprehensive prevention and control should be carried out. For example, nutrient soil is used to raise seedlings and remove diseased leaves from residual plants. Frequent watering can eliminate nymphs and pupae in the ground. In addition, frequent weeding can reduce the harm. Can be booby-trapped using the blue plate. During the thrips period, spray the drug in the early morning when the dew is not dry or in the evening, focusing on the parts of plants where the thrips are easily moved. It is best to apply two consecutive doses in 6 days, and the effect of treatment and control of agents such as alopecia, pyrizole, phenoxyvir, 25% thiamethoxine (Aktai) 2000 times plus Jiamei dividend 1000 times liquid leaching root irrigation is better.
Second, pay attention to the time of medication. In production, many vegetable farmers reflect that thrips are difficult to treat and are harmful. Recently, Xiaobian encountered this problem again in Jitai Town, Shouguang City. However, when communicating with vegetable farmers about thrips prevention and control, the reporter found that thrips are difficult to treat, not because the medicine is not the right way, but because the medication time is not appropriate. Thrips have flowering properties, so the effect of pre-flowering medication is good, if you wait until a large number of flowering periods and then use drugs, thrips hide in the flowers, the prevention and control effect is poor. From the beginning of the flowering before the use of drugs to control, you can use avermectin, caixi and other agents, and then each spray should be mixed with avermectin, comprehensively prevent the occurrence of thrips. At the same time, the thrips also have the habit of lying down and sleeping at night, and the choice of daytime and morning medication is bound to be poor; therefore, in the prevention and control, the morning spray should also be changed to afternoon or evening.
Medication should pay attention to spraying and smoking combination. Simply spraying medicine, even the best mist-filling apparatus will have omissions, and thrips that have not sprayed medicine will flood. Therefore, when taking drugs, a combination of spraying and smoking can be used for prevention and treatment. Smoking: Smoke aphid tobacco or imidacloprid tobacco. However, it should be noted that the medication time should not be carried out in the morning or noon, but should be carried out in the evening.
This article was edited and collated by cathay pacific's technical team
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Article Source: Tianbao Agricultural Technology Service Platform (ID: tianbaonj)