Eat and sleep, get up two bowls of tea; look up at the shadow of the sun, has returned to the southwest oblique; happy people regret the day, worry about the year and credit; carefree people, long and short career.
Tea has a long history in China, and in recent years, tea cultivation has also been attacked by diseases and insect pests.
1. The main causes of pests and diseases of tea plants
With the further acceleration of the current industrial development speed, the types of tea plant diseases and insect pests have gradually begun to increase, and the situation of harm has become more and more serious.
1.1 Tea planting area expanded
Over the years, due to the rapid development of the market economy, tea in the planting area of further expansion, due to the expansion of the tea plantation area caused by the formation of a unit area of the unit area of the single planting, many local insects are forced to harm the tea plant, in addition, due to the better ecological environment of the tea garden, resulting in a large number of insect reproduction. At the same time, due to the large-scale continuous planting of large areas of continuous planting, the epidemic diseases in tea have spread in a large area, and at the same time, due to the monoculture of tea, the reclamation and destruction of forests have seriously affected biodiversity, destroyed the ecological balance, affected the number of natural enemies in tea gardens, and the natural ecosystem cannot self-regulate and cause diseases and insect pests to flood.
1.2 Changes in tea plantation cultivation management measures
With the current people further changing the management mode of tea cultivation, from cluster planting to strip planting, only the tea garden has changed from the original sporadic planting to dense planting, providing better nutritional conditions and suitable environment for diseases and insects, and further increasing the difficulty of prevention and control. At present, in order to improve the yield of tea in tea gardens, large-scale planting of nitrogen fertilizer, so that buds and leaves grow, but also caused some false-eyed small green leafhoppers, mites, tea cake disease, tea blight and other disease outbreaks, due to the vigorous promotion of the planting of good seeds, so that the yield of tea is greatly improved, but because the tea 2 kinds of high nutrient content, and the buds and leaves are fat, resulting in a large number of tender and juicy diseases and insect pests multiply, through relevant investigation and research found that tea anthracnose, false-eye small green leafhoppers, etc., have become the main pests and diseases in the current tea area.
1.3 The use of pesticides is unreasonable
In the tea garden, there will be a problem of insect infestation, mainly due to the suitable living space and climatic conditions, and human factors are also very important, due to the unscientific and unreasonable use of pesticides, resulting in further enhancement of the resistance of pests and diseases in the tea garden, and many natural enemies have a large number of deaths. This is an important reason for the further occurrence of pests and diseases in tea gardens, the use of pesticides for many years to control small green leafhoppers, resulting in a further increase in the concentration of pesticides, the natural enemies in the tea garden a large number of kills, resulting in the false-eyed small green leafhopper This harm is further aggravated, and gradually become the main pest in the tea garden.
2, tea plant main pests and diseases
There are many kinds of tea plant diseases and insect pests, mainly including tea white star disease, tea wheel spot disease, tea coal pollution disease, tea aphid, red wax aphid, green blind bug, long white bug, turtle wax bug, foot wax cricket, large cricket, small land tiger, earth tiger, patina, scarab beetle and so on.
3. Prevention and control measures for the main diseases and insect pests of tea plants
3.1 Strengthen phytosanitary
The main purpose of strengthening plant quarantine is to avoid dangerous diseases and insects from spreading into the tea area, resulting in the large-scale reproduction of some pests in tea seedlings, and the introduction of disease-free tea seedlings by means of inspection is an important way to reduce the diseases and insect pests in tea gardens.
3.2 Agricultural control techniques
It is necessary to improve the ecological environment of the tea garden, protect the biological community structure of the tea garden, ensure that the ecology of the tea garden is in a balanced state, so that the ecological environment of the tea garden can be in a virtuous circle state, establish the habitat of the breeding of natural enemies in the tea garden, so that the tea garden has a certain number of natural enemies; it is necessary to carry out targeted garden cleaning and pruning work for the biological characteristics and pathogenesis of tea garden diseases and insect pests, especially during the wintering period, it is necessary to do a good job in the work of pruning the garden, and in the autumn and winter, it is necessary to pay attention to deep ploughing, base fertilizer, The dead branches and leaves are cleaned up, the tea roots are treated with the larvae and eggs in the soil, and the fallen leaves, diseased branches and topsoil are treated. Through the Bordeaux liquid, stone sulfur compound of the Qingyuan, the overwintering source of diseases and insects is eliminated, so that the base of diseases and insects is reduced, Qingyuan can control tea caterpillars, leaf curling moths, tea cake diseases and other diseases and insect pests, through relevant research found that in the winter before the management, can make the tea garden disease and insect pests greatly reduced. Shelterbelts such as osmanthus flowers and street trees can be planted near the tea garden, and yellow cauliflower, pyrethrus, etc. can be planted on the vacant land, so that biodiversity can be increased and natural enemies can be convenient for breeding.
3.3 Biological control techniques
Can be controlled by natural enemies to control the insect pests in the tea garden, according to the type of pests and diseases in the tea garden and the number of populations by mites to treat mites, insects to treat insects, for example, you can raise a large number of parasitic bees, predator mites and other natural enemies, they can be released in the tea garden, you can control the diseases of the tea garden; you can use some microbial preparations and plant-derived preparations, you can choose pyrethroids, matrine, thuringiensis, coccidioides, etc. to control the tea garden diseases and insect pests, by treating insects with bacteria , strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, in addition, you can breed chickens, ducks, geese and other organisms under the forest of the tea garden, under normal conditions, you can make chickens, ducks, geese and other organisms form a certain population, breed within a certain area, you can control the weeds in the tea garden, and limit the pests and diseases.
3.4 Physical control techniques
Insecticidal lamps can be used to induce insects, using solar vibratory frequency insecticidal lamps to control pests such as tea poison moths and small leaf curling moths, according to the land level of the tea garden and the number of pests in the tea garden, insecticidal lamps are set up within a certain distance, and through relevant research, it is found that the stock of the recontrol area and the non-recontrol area is reduced by more than 1/3 compared with the tea garden. In addition, some pests can be booby-trapped by the color plate, because some pests have a bias in terms of color, they can be booby-trapped by the tea black powder moth, the tea false-eyed small green leafhopper, the tea thrips are booby-trapped by the insect-trap blue plate, in the process of spring tea and summer and autumn tea picking, the tea board needs to be placed and replaced, in the process of spring tea picking, the yellow board can effectively control the pests, and it is necessary to trap some pests through multi-functional anti-fouling pest traps, mainly tea poison moths, tea fine moths Tea caterpillar, tea black spinosa moth, etc., this technology is mainly through some biological learning of tea garden pests, through sexual booby traps and other ways.
4. Summary
Reasonable use of physical control, biological control, safe chemical control and ecological control and other methods, can make the tea area of the disease and pests to be effectively controlled, in addition to the need to prohibit the use of some high residues and high toxicity of pesticides and chemical herbicides, the use of pesticides in the tea area strictly, in addition to the need to fully implement efficient insect-attracting equipment, to ensure that the entire tea area production of tea pesticide residues meet the requirements, to avoid the occurrence of larger pests and diseases, reasonable to strengthen the protection of the ecological environment, to ensure that the quality of tea meets the requirements.