Purple salvia is a kind of salvia, the medicinal value is relatively high, and it has a good therapeutic effect on coronary heart disease, neurasthenia and insomnia, acute and chronic hepatitis, schistosomiasis hepatosplenomegaly and other diseases. Due to the high medicinal value of purple salvia, the amount of wild parameters has been decreasing after years of mining, so in order to avoid the resource storage of this type of medicinal materials can not meet the actual application needs, people began to cultivate artificially. In the actual planting process, unscientific cultivation methods have reduced the quality and yield of purple salvia, so the author has elaborated on the cultivation technology of purple salvia in order to provide reference for future growers.
The quality of the seeds directly affects the cultivation effect of purple salvia, so in order to improve the quality and yield of purple salvia, the cultivators should select the seeds according to the scientific basis and use effective means to treat the selected seeds.
1.1 Particle weight determination
Purple salvia seeds are almost endosperm-free and small, so seeds need to add fertilizer when germinating and emerging, and seeds with relatively large heads and high weight should be selected when selecting seeds. The weight of 1,000 grains is measured by the 100-grain method, and the weighing should be repeated to ensure the authenticity and accuracy of the data, and 3 times is the best, and the obtained parameters need to be treated in accordance with the requirements of the "Crop Seed Inspection Regulations".
1.2 Determination of water absorption
Seeds should be sufficiently bloated and absorbed 4 hours before sowing, and if there is a lack of water during this period, the seeds will not germinate. Sample seeds are placed in a Petri dish filled with distilled water at a constant temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, the seeds are removed every 2 hours, the surface water is sucked dry and weighed until the seed weight reaches a constant value.
1.3 Temperature control
Temperature has a greater impact on the germination rate of purple salvia seeds, so the gradient thermostatic treatment method should be adopted, and the seeds should be placed in a light incubator at 25 degrees Celsius for cultivation to ensure that there is enough light every day to improve the seed germination rate.
2.1 Site Selection
Purple salvia mainly grows in areas such as hillsides, understory grasses and valleys with good drainage effect and loose soil texture, at an altitude of 120 to 1 300 meters. Therefore, according to the artificial cultivation of purple salvia, sandy loam soil with a relatively deep soil layer, high altitude and difficult to accumulate water should be selected. The drainage and ventilation performance of such planting sites is excellent, and the roots of purple salvia are not prone to root rot, which avoids the occurrence of yield reduction and quality reduction to a certain extent.
2.2 Land preparation
After the planting land is selected, the land needs to be cleared and turned. Qingyuan is the use of herbicides to kill weeds, although the herbicide may cause some damage to the planting environment, but has the advantages of low economic cost and fast efficiency, in order to avoid inhibiting the healthy growth of purple salvia, it should be planted after 7 days of spraying herbicide. Ploughing requires cultivators to control the depth, the general planting conditions should be controlled at 30 to 40 cm, if the ploughing is too deep, the roots of purple salvia will continue to grow downwards, and finally only 1 or 2 main roots can be obtained; if the ploughing is too shallow, the root system can not go deep into the soil layer to reduce drought and flood resistance, due to insufficient nutrients on the surface of the soil layer, so only some fine and small whisker roots can be harvested, which seriously reduces the cultivation variety and yield of purple salvia.
2.3 Base fertilizer
The main role of base fertilizer is to increase the soil nutrients of the planting area and provide strong support for the healthy growth of purple salvia. At present, most cultivation bases choose to use decomposed farm manure with excellent effect and no pollution, and appropriately match some green organic compound fertilizer with sufficient nutrients. When applying base fertilizer, according to the requirements of different planting stages, there are 2 common ways: one is to spread fertilizer, sprinkle fertilizer in the ground before ploughing; second, point application, require 1 ginseng pit a little fertilizer, in order to avoid the phenomenon of burning seedlings, cultivators should ensure that the fertilizer and ginseng seedlings are at least 15 cm apart, and direct contact between the two is strictly prohibited.
2.4 Transplanting
According to the growth characteristics of purple salvia, the best transplanting time is from March to April. During the transplanting process, the cultivator should ensure that the bud head is upwards, the planting density is 30 cm× 35 cm within 10 plants per square meter, and the thickness of the cover soil is preferably 2 cm. Under conditions of sufficient water (rain or irrigation), seedlings emerge 5 to 7 days after transplanting.
3.1 Weeding
In the first stage, about 25 days after transplanting, large-scale weeding is carried out, the main purpose is to avoid weeds and ginseng seedlings robbing the soil nutrients to ensure the yield of purple salvia; in the second stage, when the length of ginseng seedlings is 15 to 20 cm, artificial hoeing should be used, which is conducive to promoting the rapid growth of ginseng seedlings, and the reason for not using herbicides at this time is to avoid reducing the quality of purple salvia.
3.2 Topdressing
The first topdressing time is usually in mid-May, and the main type of fertilizer added is urea, which is generally 0.015~0.022 kg/m2, which is conducive to improving the stress resistance and disease resistance of purple salvia. The second topdressing time was selected from July to August, and the topdressing type was mainly urea and compound fertilizer, which was 0.015 kg/m2, and the main purpose was to provide sufficient nutrients for root growth.
4.1 Physical control
There are two fundamental reasons for the use of physical control methods: one is to avoid pollution of the cultivation environment, and the other is to avoid reducing the quality of purple salvia planting. Common physical control methods for diseases are to uproot and destroy diseased plants or transplant them to other planting areas for individual treatment. Common disease physical control methods for light booby-trapping, sweet and sour liquid booby-trapping, the former requires the installation of frequency vibration insecticidal lamps in the purple salvia planting area, the main killing objects are cotton bollworms, grub adult insects, ground tigers, the success rate is as high as 70%; the latter requires a ratio of 1:2:3:4 to mix wine, water, brown sugar, vinegar, the liquid and the concentration of 90% of the crystal enemy insects mixed to make sweet and sour liquid, the main killing object of the method is the ground tiger.
4.2 Chemical control
4.2.1 Root rot
Root rot is a common disease in the cultivation of purple salvia, the root rot of purple salvia begins to rot from the underground roots and branches, the outer skin of the rhizome becomes black, and as the degree of decay gradually intensifies, the aboveground stems and leaves begin to wither, and eventually the whole plant dies. The main outbreak of root rot is that the disease residue has not been cleaned up, this type of pathogen is easy to erupt when the ground temperature is at 15 to 20 degrees Celsius, and can invade the plant from the wound with the help of rain or irrigation water, so the soil and soil management should be done well, and the root irrigation liquid with a concentration of 50% carbendazim 800 times is used to ensure that the amount of irrigation liquid at the root of each plant is 250 ml, and the number of irrigation times is 2 to 3 times continuously.
4.2.2 Root-knot nematode disease
Root-knot nematode disease is a representative insect pest in the cultivation process of purple salvia. Root-knot nematodes invade plants from the roots, by stimulating the host (purple salvia) cells to achieve rapid division, resulting in nodular masses in the roots, the tumors in the affected area are initially yellow-white, because the roots of the plant are parasitized by the root knot nematodes, so the root function is destroyed, as the nutrients are sucked by the nematodes, the tumor gradually turns brown, and the aboveground plants die due to insufficient nutrients. The insecticide can be prepared with 2 to 3 kg of dibromochlorophenyl anthrane with a concentration of 80% plus 100 kg of water to mix the insecticide solution and sprinkle it into the soil 15 days before planting the ginseng seedlings to reduce the possibility of rhizoma nematode parasitism.
All in all, when cultivating purple salvia, the planter needs to do a good job in seed selection and treatment, land selection, land preparation, foundation fertilizer, etc., transplant the ginseng seedlings at the appropriate time, and weed and fertilize according to the growth habits of purple salvia. Diseases and insect pests are the key factors affecting the quality of cultivation, and growers can use physical control methods such as light booby traps, or mix chemical reagents according to the characteristics of pests and diseases to improve the cultivation effect of purple salvia.