Peas, a common crop of the legume, has a relatively comprehensive and balanced nutrition, its seeds and young pods, young seedlings can be edible, in recent years, by many people like, but also has a certain medicinal value, therefore, the demand for peas has a trend of increasing year by year, the ensuing planting area is also gradually expanding, according to the small helper personal understanding, in our village, there have been several farmers have begun to try small area planting (not vegetable garden planting, but agricultural land planting).
Peas is a semi-hardy crop, like mild and humid climate, not tolerant of dry heat, although the pea origin in the Mediterranean and Central Asia, but in Our country there are also many planting areas, such as Henan, Hubei, lower, Anhui, Jiangxi, Sichuan and other places, have a certain planting area, pea adaptability is strong, in addition to the above areas, in other provinces are also planted, from the growth habit analysis, peas for soil adaptability is better, that is to say, the soil requirements are not high, sandy soil, loam, clay can grow However, in order to increase yield, it is recommended to plant on sandy loam soil.
The planting of peas can be divided into 3 kinds, one is spring planting, relatively southern area, basically sown in late February to early March, and some areas on the back, due to the low temperature in early spring, need to wait until April-May to start planting; the second is autumn planting, the time is about the beginning of September, and the harvest time is relatively early, about november to early December harvest, short growth time, generally choose early maturing varieties; the third is overwintering planting, that is, planting in early winter, After a winter of growth, it is harvested in the spring of the following year, usually sown in late October or early to mid-November, and harvested in April-May of the following year.
You can choose the right planting time according to the specific local climate and growth conditions, this article, the small helper mainly says the third kind, that is, sowing in late October or early to mid-November, and harvesting in April-May of the second year, because the current time is the end of February, the spring management of peas has begun, and we will talk in detail about the specific spring management work, in order to help everyone get a good harvest.
Although peas are a semi-hardy crop, but encounter sudden strong cooling, will also be plagued by frost damage, especially in the spring in the rejuvenation period of peas, the local sudden strong cooling (such as spring cold), affecting the normal return to greening, and then lead to a series of subsequent growth obstruction, in addition, we should also pay attention to the different pea varieties, cold resistance is different, such as common vegetable peas, cold tolerance is relatively weak, according to the previous year's planting experience analysis, nutritional growth period, Suitable for growth temperature between 15-20 degrees, and flowering and fruiting period, suitable for growth of temperature between 20-25 degrees, if the local temperature is high, long-term temperature is above 25 degrees, may lead to less branching, and then affect the yield, therefore, during the spring, must mainly do a good job of antifreeze work of peas, can be increased potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, to promote the pea's own cold resistance, in order to reduce frost damage, such as per acre of post-application of calcium superphosphate 15-20 kg, specific dosage, It can be appropriately increased or decreased, one is based on the amount of bottom fertilizer, the second is based on the growth of peas, and the third is based on the fertility of the soil and other comprehensive considerations.
Moisture plays a very important role in the growth process of peas, peas have different growth periods for water requirements, in general, when the pea seedling stage, the demand for water is relatively small, and before and after the flowering and pod period, is the peak period of water demand, the water source in the growth process of peas is mainly 2 points, one is rainfall, the other is artificial irrigation watering, currently in late February, the early spring season, rainfall in different areas is different, some pea planting areas, in the winter, Rainfall is not much, coupled with local snowfall is also less, to the spring, there is no effective rainfall, the field has appeared drought, the ground cracks, in this case, to timely irrigation and watering, especially is currently catching up with the greening period, supplementing water to promote normal growth, do not delay the follow-up flowering pods, the specific amount of watering should not be too large, long-term flood irrigation is not recommended, to ensure that within a day, there will be no water in the field, but there must also be a premise of watering.
On the contrary, some pea planting areas, rainfall appears more, on the one hand, there is more snowfall in winter, on the other hand, after entering the early spring, there is continuous rainfall in the local area, if the rain is larger, the field should do a good job of flood prevention measures, especially relatively low-lying plots, the moisture content of the soil in the field is already large, if there is a long period of rainfall, after the field has accumulated water, the root system breathing is frustrated, the normal ability to transmit water and nutrients is blocked, causing the leaves to yellow, in serious cases, directly lead to dead plants, therefore, The work of preventing drought and flood prevention of peas should be done well.
With the peas into the rejuvenation period, the growth rate began to accelerate, in order to ensure the subsequent growth, as well as the final yield, nutrients to keep up, carefully observe the root system of the pea, there are 2 characteristics, one of the root system is relatively developed, the two roots of the nodules are more, will produce a large number of rhizobia, that is to say, the pea itself has nitrogen fixation, so, in the increase of fertilizer, for the nitrogen fertilizer supplement do not too much, do not single supplementary nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer are very important, while some trace elements also need to be supplemented, Such as boron, molybdenum, iron, calcium, etc., especially before and after the flowering period, the fertilizer demand of peas is relatively large, the nitrogen fixation capacity of the peas themselves, and can not meet the needs of growth, therefore, if the current pea growth is good, can be fertilized before and after the flowering period, of course, if there is a lack of fertilizer now, now it is necessary to topdress fertilizer in time, under normal circumstances, compound fertilizer can be applied (nitrogen content is not too much), 15-20 kg per mu can be, you can also apply about 10 kg of urea per mu, plus calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride, About 10-15 kg per acre, coupled with a spray of foliar fertilizer supplemented by total nutrition, basically the nutrients are enough.
After entering the spring, with the temperature rise, the disease in the pea field also began to cause harm, if it occurs, not timely prevention, not only affect the yield, but also affect the quality, reduce the income of the grower, therefore, to understand the common diseases in the pea planting process, it is important to take precautions in advance, the common diseases are mainly powdery mildew, rust and so on.
4.1 Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew is a very common disease in the pea planting process, the disease mainly harms 3 parts, namely leaves, stems and pods, judge powdery mildew mainly depends on its symptoms, first of all, the leaves, when the leaves are infected with powdery mildew, there will be small spots of white powder, the color is pale yellow, with the severity of the disease, the small spots will expand into large spots, into irregularities, and some spots will be connected to each other into pieces, observe the back of the leaves, there will be brown or purple patches, to the middle and late stages of the disease, The surface of the disease site is covered with white powder, resulting in yellowing and drying of the leaves; and after the onset of stems and pods, it is probably similar to the symptoms on the leaves, there will be white plaques, the incidence area will increase with the severity of the disease, the most serious case, white powder spots will be covered with the entire stem and pods, resulting in plant yellowing, eventually dead plants, and reduced yield.
For pea powdery mildew, it is recommended that growers take early prevention, timely prevention and control measures, there are many ways to prevent, first, if the plot of planting peas for many years, powdery mildew occurs more seriously, you can take the way of crop rotation, such as corn, rice and other crops, the time is better for more than 3 years, can prevent the occurrence of powdery mildew very well; second, choose a variety with strong disease resistance, there are many varieties of peas, in addition to choosing varieties suitable for local planting, try to buy varieties with strong disease resistance, For powdery mildew can also play a certain preventive effect; third, pay attention to planting management, such as planting should not be too dense, field drainage measures should be done well, do not only pay attention to the supplement of nitrogen fertilizer, and ignore the phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, all management measures are to ensure that peas can grow normally, improve their disease resistance, reduce the harm of disease.
Once the white powder occurs in the field, it is necessary to spray chemical agents in time for prevention and control, the earlier the time, the better, you can also spray the agent to prevent in advance, the commonly used agents are: 15% triazolone wettable powder, 50 grams per mu, 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 100 grams per mu, 400 g / liter fluosilazole emulsion, 7.5-9.3 ml per mu and so on.
4.2 Pea rust
Rust is also one of the common diseases of peas in the planting process, the symptoms of rust and powdery mildew are not the same, but it is also easy to distinguish, rust damage parts include leaves, petioles, stems and pods, when the leaves rust, whether it is front or reverse, there will be round vesicles, the color is reddish brown, and there are bumps, touched by hand can have a clear touch, at the same time, around the round vesicle accompanied by a yellow halo, with the aggravation of rust, these raised blisters will rupture, Emitting yellow-brown powder, in severe cases, the whole leaf is so, similar to "rust", so it is called rust, and when the petiole, stem and pod appear rust, there will also be yellow raised blisters, but after rupture, will emit black-brown granules, affecting plant photosynthesis, resulting in yield reduction.
For the occurrence of pea rust, it is also recommended that growers take precautions in advance, timely prevention and control measures, the specific practices are similar, first, pay attention to the weeding work in the field, conditional can be artificial weeding; second, peas are afraid of waterlogging, in addition, the moist growth environment in the field, is also a very important reason for the occurrence of rust, if the local rainfall is more, to do a good job of flood prevention, timely drainage; third, the planting density is not too dense, to ensure the ventilation of the field, reduce the occurrence of rust, but also to reduce the humidity of the field Fourth, do a good job in fertilization and topdressing in the field, promote the normal growth of peas, improve the resistance of peas themselves, reduce the occurrence of diseases, not only rust, but also other diseases together to prevent.
And when the field has occurred rust, timely spraying agents for prevention and control, there are many agents on the market for rust, commonly used are 75% bacillus Qing wettable powder per mu 100-200 grams, 15% triazolidone powder per mu 80-100 g, 10% phenyl ether • mecyclazole water dispersible granules, 50-80 grams per mu, etc., 30-50 kg per mu of water, uniform spraying, according to the control effect, intervals of 7-10 days, can be sprayed again.
Pea insect infestation is mainly leafminer fly, in many pea planting areas in China have occurred, is a very common pest, it is a multi-food pest, to harm the leaves of the pea mainly, leafminer fly larvae will eat leaf flesh in the leaf flesh tissue, on the one hand, it will cause the leaf area of the leaf itself to be reduced, affecting normal photosynthesis, on the other hand, it will also lead to the wilting of the leaves, which in turn will affect the subsequent pods and yields. In addition, leafminer flies have strong reproductive ability and can be repeated between generations, so it is difficult to control work, and during the spring, it is necessary to prevent and control it early.
For pea leafminer flies can be taken three kinds of control measures, one, agricultural control, before pea sowing, to carry out soil deep ploughing treatment, in order to destroy the wintering site of leafminers, reduce the number of occurrences in the spring of the following year, in addition, the weeds and disease residues in the field should also be cleared out of the field in time to reduce the base of insect sources; second, biological control, can use the natural enemies of leafminer flies for booby traps, such as conditional can release the wasps; third, chemical control, take chemical control is a more preferred measure for many growers. Available agents are: 1.8% avermectin emulsion 3000 times liquid, 2.5% cypermethrin emulsion 3000 times liquid, 75% fly-killing amine wettable powder 4000-6000 times liquid, etc., but when using chemicals for prevention, pay special attention to a little, half a month before the harvest of peas, can no longer be used, to stop the use of drugs.
The above 5 points are the management of peas in the spring, from antifreeze, drought and flood prevention, fertilizer increase, disease, insect pest 5 aspects of the explanation in detail, I hope that pea growers pay more attention, since the choice to plant peas, then the yield as much as possible, the more the benefits, do not plant regardless of the question, to the end the yield is very low, it loses the meaning of planting, no matter what is planted, scientific management is the most important.