【Layer tapeworm】
1, Symptoms
1. Clinical symptoms
1), young chickens, food intake decreased, drinking water increased, weight gain slowed down, chicken population development retardation, poor uniformity. Sick chickens appear sluggish, their feathers are disheveled, their crown hair is pale, and they die of emaciation.
2), laying hens, showing digestive disorders, emaciation anemia, chicken beaks and pecking phenomenon increased. The eggshell color, hardness, and yolk color all deteriorate, and the eggs become smaller. Egg production stopped growing or decreased significantly.
3), hemorrhagic enteritis, tapeworm head node deep into the lower layer of the intestinal mucosa, destroy the intestinal mucosa to form nodular lesions, causing hemorrhagic enteritis, feces thin yellowish white blood-like mucus, feces molding sorghum reddish brown feces.
4), fecal examination, feces found in the pregnancy node, segment sesame seeds to the size of rice grains, milky white, sometimes visible segment peristalsis.
5), neurological symptoms, metabolites of the insect body can cause self-poisoning in sick chickens, showing neurological symptoms such as spasms.
2. Autopsy symptoms
The mucous membranes of the small intestine are hypertrophic and hyperemic, and adult worms may be found. The parasite site is a large nodular lesion with a needle tip and a central depression. When a large number of insects gather, it causes intestinal blockage, which can cause intestinal rupture and peritonitis. Severe causes death.
Second, the prevention and control status of taeniasis in chickens and the misunderstanding of medication
1. In recent years, poultry tapeworm diseases are mostly benzimidazole anthelmintic drugs: levamisole, propylthiidazole, as regular preventive deworming drugs. Treatment requires a re-re-medication after a week and does not completely re-remove the head segment of the worm, which is related to the fact that tapeworms have often used this type of drug to develop resistance.
2. There are also some farms that use macrolide disaccharide anthelmintic drugs: avermectin, ivermectin as regular deworming or treatment of deworming drugs, but this type of drug has no anthelmintic effect on tapeworms, so after preventive deworming, ignore the problem of tapeworms, and do not pay attention to observation and cause tapeworm disease.
3. Praziquantel is still one of the best drugs for taeniasis; in the past few years, many companies have sold dog meat under the banner of praziquantel; it has also misled many farmers to have a correct understanding of praziquantel.
3. Prevention and control measures for chicken tapeworms
1. Regular deworming: 60-day-old young chickens, 120-day-old laying hens, each dewormed once. Adult laying hens are dewormed once in May and once in August. Since summer and autumn are the breeding seasons of intermediate host flies and beetles, which is the stage of tapeworm infection in layer chickens, deworming is particularly important in August.
2. Biosecurity: often remove chicken manure and carry out fermentation treatment to kill the eggs in the pregnant egg segments. Flies begin the breeding season, and beetles such as ants and scarabs are regularly killed outside the chicken coop. Reduce intermediate hosts.
3. Purification scheme:
1) Do a good job in environmental sanitation and strengthen disinfection
2) Strengthen management to avoid landing chickens and put them in the cage in time
3), regular prevention can take the form of rotation of medication; high-quality praziquantel feeding in advance during the high incidence period. Dosage once, use again after seven days.
4) Protect the intestines and regularly add good stomach tract or high-quality vitamins.
【Tapeworm sheep】
I. Epidemiology
1. Taeniasis of sheep is caused by the parasitism of Moniz tapeworm, Tapeworm koranium and tapeworm avifolia. Among them Moni
Tapeworm is the most harmful, especially in juveniles. Three species of tapeworms can be infected individually or in combination.
2. The disease is widely distributed in China, especially in the pastoral areas in the north.
3. Lambs are most susceptible to Moniz tapeworm, but in some areas sheep are susceptible to Moniz tapeworm.
4. The epidemic of this disease is related to the survival of the middle host of tapeworms- ground mites, so the disease is prone to occur at the moderate temperature of the survival of ground mites.
In high humidity and humus-rich soil environments, sheep are infected when they swallow ground mites containing cysticercosis while grazing.
II. Clinical Manifestations:
Sick sheep have loss of appetite, anemia, diarrhea, ema, edema, etc., depression, sleepiness, lack of physical strength. Worm body segments or long chains of worm bodies may be seen in the stool. Occasionally, sick sheep have neurological symptoms such as turning in circles and head back. Abdominal pain, bloating, and even intestinal rupture can occur due to parasitic intestinal obstruction.
3, Anatomical symptoms:
There are varying numbers of tapeworms in the small intestine, and the mucous membranes are catarrhal inflammation. Fluid is abundant in the abdominal cavity, with occasional intestinal obstruction, intussusception, or intestinal rupture.
Fourth, related deworming drugs:
1． Imidazole propithiazole 5-6 mg/kg body weight, taken orally at once or in a 1% suspension.
2． Thiodichlorophenol 1 00 mg/kg body weight, once orally with water, or wrapped in vegetable leaves.
3． Niclosamide (chlorpyridoxine) 75- 80 mg/kg body weight, administered as a 10% suspension.
4、. Praziquantel 10 - 15 mg/kg body weight, taken orally once, is more effective.
5. Purification scheme:
1) Avoid grazing on wet pastures, and choose clean and dry pastures for grazing.
2) Eliminating the intermediate host by means of agriculture and animal husbandry farming can greatly reduce the number of ground mites.
3) Avoid grazing after rain, early morning and dusk as much as possible to reduce the chance of sheep eating ground mites.
4), captivity should be regularly cleaned and disinfected
5), regular deworming: such as spring and autumn deworming plan, fattening sheep once in 2 months to repel insects, do a good job of drug rotation.