Old Father
What is history? How do we understand history?
Mr. Liang Qichao once said that the historical record of the overall life of mankind, our historical study is also constantly improving, step by step closer to the original appearance of history.
In my study of the history and culture of the ancient Feng, I first started with Bin, and the earliest order of the evolution of Bin is: 豳 (similar to Yu and changed) - 邠 (too strange and changeable) - Bin (the current word). Regarding the origin of "豳", from the oracle bone of "豳", it can be seen that "豳" is composed of two "豕" (shǐ), "豕" refers to wild boar, and the following "mountain" means "there are many wild boars on the mountain". Apparently, the land was named after the wild boar, which later developed into an eup and built a castle and a state. Then starting from Bin County, I read Jin Lai's "Translation of the Zhi of YingZhou", Teacher Cao Jian's "Ancient Feng Guo Examination", and "Zhili Zhi of Ying Zhou Zhi" and so on, as well as the various opinions on the history of Gu Feng on the Internet, and discussed and competed for points in the capital city of Gu Feng. In the book, Su Dongzhu of Zhizhou zhizhou wrote: History respects the Zhou Dynasty Zhisheng, this is to rely on it to investigate, the prosperity and change of the country, the customs and evils of the people, and the gains and losses of the chaos of the government, the rise and fall of history, often in the folk customs, there is a deep implication: the tempering and cultivation of the zhishi benevolent people also need to have concrete examples to learn from. And the Zhishu is indeed related to the likes and dislikes of the king, and the intimacy. So in terms of historical data. Since ancient times, various princely states have had their own books. Ying Prefecture was the old land of the Zhou Dynasty King Qi, far from losing his official position, and entered the domain of Yi Di: Bu Shu Sheng Ju Tao in Di Domain, Ju Tao Sheng Gong Liu, Gong Liu in order to revive the royal industry, crossed the Wei River, pacified Yi Di, built a palace, and stationed in The Land. Eat coarse grains, drink vegetable soup, weed weeds, ken wasteland, and gather people to build a state. In this way, after several generations of painstaking management, the country became stronger when the ancient gonggong father was in power, and later, there was the intrusion of YiDi, who moved to Qiyang temporarily. However, the kingdom was never occupied by Yidi. However, in the past, the place where feng was built was not necessarily the seat of today's state rule. Because the previous Zhou Dynasty had several generations of thorns and thorns, the process of moving from place to disciple, there was also the theory of the north and the south. However, Zhu Xi believed that today's Sanshui County (that is, Xunyi) was the seat of the ancient state of Feng, which was really inappropriate, which was probably because he looked at the area of Feng as too small, in fact, before the Jin Dynasty, Ying Prefecture belonged to other states and counties, and did not have this proper name. It was not until the time of the Tuoba Wei dynasty that it began to be called a state. Therefore, it is still inheriting the Jianzhi of that time, and the people who are the governors of the prefecture and the people who know the state of honshu, as soon as they set foot on this land, they miss the sages and benevolent people who once built the king here. Knowing that their legacy is very difficult to do to the people, it is very difficult to repair the Zhishu alone, which is of great significance compared to any other state.
Qin Jiazhao, senator of the Department of Political Affairs, said: The source of the history of Yingzhou and its development and evolution have been described in various historical texts. It has been recorded in the earliest times.
Last time, when it came to the territory of the ancient state, there were many opinions, one said that it was Ning County in Gansu Province, the other said that it was Binzhou in Shaanxi, and both places had historical records. Regardless of whether history has previously considered that place to be a state, we should respect history, rather than using strong words, or admitting that the ancient pig is that place. Whether it is Binzhou in Shaanxi or Ningxian in Gansu, he is all history, and we must not only understand the evolution of history, but also respect history and culture. Some people say: Many Western cultures emphasize novelty in concept, emphasizing the cycle of life and death between diversity and history and culture, which is a new life after the death and stagnation, but there is actually a common context behind the diversity, and the culture that has died on the surface can actually become the seed of the new culture. Historical research pursues the mastery of time, and the problem of time is inseparable from evolution. The unchanging illusion of Chinese culture is easy to tempt observers to find a fixed definition, construct a fixed set of understandings, and confuse the ancient and the modern.
Let's get to know the ancient father. Gu Gong's father, grandfather of King Wen of Zhou, leader of the Ancient Zhou tribe, monarch of Xibo, king of Zhou, founder of the Zhou Dynasty. Gu Gonggong's father was the 16th grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the 12th grandson of Zhou Zu Houji, and in the history of the development of the Zhou people, he was a key figure in the great cause of Shanghou Ji and Gong Liu, the prosperous world of King Qiwen and King Wu, and a far-sighted politician, reformer, military figure, and famous sage king in history. Is an important figure in the prosperity of the Zhou tribe, the King of Houwu has the world, posthumously honored the ancient duke as the king of Zhou, and in the family tree of the Taiwu surname, the ancient duke is the ancestor.
The Book of Poetry says: "The grandson of Hou Ji, the Great King of Shiwei." Juqi no Yang, the real beginning of the business. "The Zhou Yuan of the Qianzhou tribe in the Sun of qishan and the beginning of the business of the merchants are the two greatest achievements of the father-in-law.
After 300 hundred years of Gong Liu Jufeng, Gu Gong's father succeeded to the throne as Duke Feng. He "accumulated virtue and righteousness, and everyone in the country wore it", but at this time, the Shang king Wu Yi implemented tyranny, which intensified ethnic contradictions, resulting in nomadic tribes such as Rong and Di often invading the Central Plains. Between about 1191 BC and 1113 BC, Rong Di's sphere of influence gradually expanded, and by the time of the ancient Gong Gong And Father, the Zhou clan fell into a large-scale friction and conflict with the Rong Di, considering the development needs of the entire clan, the Qi Father asked Qu Qu to offer goods to the Di people in order to seek development and survival in the retreat, but the Di people were not trustworthy and still attacked the Zhou clan. Around 1113 BC, Gu Gong's father had no choice but to move to the clan of The Commandery, and initially wanted to move to the territory of his ancestor Hou Ji, Youtai (present-day Wugong), but due to the impact of the war, he finally led the Ji clan of 2,000 people to leave the land and march southeast, over Liangshan, and then traveled west along the depressed water, and then crossed the Qishui to Zhouyuan under the Qishan Mountains.
Zhouyuan is located in the western part of the Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi Province, where water is abundant, the climate is pleasant, the soil is fertile and beautiful, suitable for farming and hunting, and it is also a natural barrier against enemies. After divination, Gu Gong's father decided to settle here, and since then the tribe with the surname Ji has called itself the Zhou people. The people of the land regarded the ancient duke as a benevolent person, and helped the old and the young to return one after another. People in other countries heard about gu gongrende and also attached themselves to it. Because it is located in The Zhou Plains, it has begun to take shape as a country, and the name of the country is "Zhou", and it has been recognized by the Shang Dynasty. The Bamboo Book Chronicle reads: "(King Shang) Wu Yi six years, Qi QianQi Zhou. Order the Father of zhou to give it to qiyi."
The father of the Prince of Taiwang, also known as the "Ancient Gong", was first seen in the poetry classic "Daya Wen Wang's Shi Mian": "The ancient Gong Gong Father, come to the dynasty." "From the pre-Qin anonymity, this is an epic hymn of the Zhou tribe. "Daya Xuan" was composed by the nobles of the Zhou Dynasty to commemorate the deeds of the ancient gonggong father's pioneering business.
Scoop melon. The people were born from the earth. The ancient father, Tao Fu Pottery Cave, did not have a family.
Father Gu Gong, come and walk towards the horse. Rate West Water Margin, as for Qixia. Ye and Jiang Nu, Nie Lai Xu Yu.
Zhou Yuan's, the viola is like a feast. The beginning of the plot, the beginning of the turtle, the end of the day, the construction of the room in the zi.
廼廼廼廼止, 廼左廼右, 廼疆廼理, 廼宣廼廼 mu. From the west to the east, Zhou Ye was deacon.
It is the summoning of sikong, the summoning of situ, and the establishment of the house. Its rope is straight, shrunken to carry, and made a temple wing.
捄之陾陾, Degree of 薨薨, Tsuki no Dengdeng, slashing Feng Feng. All the plugs are happy, and the drums are victorious.
Li Li Gao Gate, Gao Gate has a servant. Standing at the door, the goalkeeper. Erect the mound of soil, and the ugly will be carried out.
Don't be reckless, don't ask. The tang is pulled up, and the sidewalk is exchanged. Mixed-up, Vichy-beaked!
Yu Rui was born, and King Wen was born. There is a neglect of the give, and there is a succession of the give. Yu Yue has a rush, Yu Yue has a royal insult!
The poem consists of nine chapters. The first chapter begins with the theme of "Scooping Melons", and the opening eight words concisely summarize the long history of the Zhou people. It was the great decision of King Qianqi and the benevolence of King Wen that laid the foundation for the Zhou people to destroy the Shang and build a state, as stated in the Lusong Gong: "The grandson of Hou Ji, the Great King of Shiwei."
When Gu Gonggong's father came to power, it was the Shang Wuyi era, and he inherited the legacy of Zhou Zu and continued to devote himself to the development of the land. He was diligent in agriculture, and the fields he planted were well harvested. Every spring, he and his wife Tai jiang personally went to the ground, not afraid of labor, and worked hard. When the summer rains poured down, he joined the young adults in reinforcing the weirs and dredging the river. In autumn, the yellow leaves drift to zero, and he leads everyone to harvest, mill and store grain. In the winter, when the snow was heavy, he was busy going from house to house, visiting the sick and suffering.
Gong Qi's father changed the customs of nomadic herding, built cities and houses, set up officials, reformed rongdi customs, reclaimed wasteland, developed agricultural production, divided the people into Yiluo and settled down, and established princely states, which were recognized by the Shang Dynasty. "(Shang King) Wu Yi six years, Qi Qianqi Zhou. He ordered Zhou Gonggong to be his father and gave him the title of Qiyi (岐邑) "Bamboo Book Chronicle". Because it is located in Zhouyuan, the surname Ji has been called Zhou ren since then, "the name of the country is Zhou, and the rough is the prototype of the country." ”
King Wen of Zhou
As the monarch of the Zhou Kingdom, Gu Gonggong's father had several sons. There are three records in the history books, the eldest son Taibo, the second son Yu Zhong, and the younger son Ji Li. Ji Li's birth mother was called Tai Jiang, Ji Li's wife was called Tai Ren, Tai Jiang and Tai Ren were both virtuous women, and Tai Ren gave birth to a son for Ji Li, named Chang, which was Ji Chang. Ji Chang has been different since he was a child, and in his body, he can even see the weather of some saints.
According to the "Records of History", Taibo, Zhongyong and Ji Li all had the right to succeed to the throne in turn. Why didn't the father of the ancient duke let the eldest son Taibo and the second son Zhongyong inherit, but passed it on to the younger son of the seasonal calendar, and finally to Ji Chang, the son of the seasonal calendar? First, the seasonal calendar was born of Tai Jiang and directly involved the ji jiang political alliance; Second, because Ji Li's wife, King Wen's mother, Tai Fei (太妊), was from Yin Shang, Ji Li was prominent because of his wife, and his son Ji Chang was noble because of his mother. Because Ji Chang was the grandson of the "Dayi" Shang clan. Having Ji Li succeed to the throne could consolidate the Ji-Jiang alliance, and then passing on the throne to Ji Chang could get the support of the Shang Dynasty of the Great State. It can be seen that King Taiwang of Zhou has a far-sighted vision and a political vision
In 1231 BC, "Ancient Gong Gong, Ji Li Li", historically known as "Gong Ji".
As a vassal state of the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou clan rose in the western region and was strong, Ji Li led the tribal generals to attack on all sides, destroying Cheng Cheng (present-day Xianyang, Shaanxi) in the west, Yiqu in the Northern Expedition (present-day Guyuan, Ningxia), and successively destroyed Yu Wurong (northwest of present-day Changzhi City, Shanxi), Shihurong (present-day southwest Shanxi), Yi Turong (present-day southwest shanxi), Yanjingrong (active in the Taiyuan Basin in central Shanxi) and other tribal regimes, which were invincible, and the eight directions were shaken, causing the Shang king Wending to be jealous, so in the name of reward, he took the name of reward. Ji Li was lured to the capital city of Chaoge (present-day Qi County, Henan), and was given the title of "Fang Bo" (方伯), known as "Zhou Xibo", just when Ji Li was full of confusion, Wen Ding's face suddenly changed, and he ordered him to be imprisoned, and Ji Li was imprisoned and brutalized to death, known in history as "Wen Ding killed Ji Li". Thereafter, his son Ji Chang succeeded to the throne, which was the founder of the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Wen of Zhou.
Compared with the unexpected tragic death of his younger brother Ji Li, the fate of Taibo and Zhongyong was much luckier. Wu Taibo
Wu Taibo
The first ancestor, Tabor, was born on the ninth day of the first lunar month in 1285 BC and died on the third day of the first month of March in 1194 BC, at the age of ninety-one. He was the eldest son of the father of gu gonggong, the monarch of Xiqi at the end of the Shang Dynasty, who was extremely talented and boundless in virtue, and helped his father to govern Xiqi, which won the heart of his courtiers. Gu Gong's father gave birth to three sons, Changtai Bo Ci Zhongyong Three Seasons Calendar, Ji Chang, the son of ji calendar, that is, the later King Wen of Zhou, who was brilliant and talented since childhood, and won the favor of Gu Gong's father, and said, "I should be a prosperous person in my life, and he is in Changhu!" "It is intended to be passed on to Ji Chang in the seasonal calendar. However, at that time, the Xiqi ritual law was passed on to the elders and not to the young, and the father could only give up. However, Taibo sensed his father's will, in order to fulfill his father's wishes and avoid the scourge of the dragon and snake dispute, he decided to give way to the third brother Ji Li, and persuaded the second brother Zhongyong to leave his heirs, taking advantage of his father's serious illness to go to Hengshan to collect medicine and leave Zhouyuan, after his father died of illness, Taibo Zhongyong rushed back to Ben funeral, Ji Li and the courtiers asked Taibo to take the throne, Taibo was not allowed, and The second brother Zhongyong left Zhouyuan again with his second brother Zhongyong and went to Wuxi Meili south of the Yangtze River to take refuge. Soon after, Ji Li was assassinated by Shang and died, and Taibo returned to Qishan for mourning, and the Qunchen and Nephew Chang once again asked TaiBo to take the throne, but Taibo was still not allowed, and he was succeeded by his nephew Chang. Taibo and Zhongyong returned to Meili, Jiangnan, cut off their tattoos to develop Jiangnan, and guided the people to raise silkworms and grow rice, so that the originally barbaric Jiangnan could get the first civilization jump. The villagers established the first village in Jiangnan, Jingcun, and the first lane in Jiangnan, ManXiang, as well as the first artificial river in Jiangnan, the Taibo Canal; famous poems such as "Gong Liu" and "July" became an important part of the "Book of Poetry". Tabor was also loved by the indigenous people for the earth-shaking changes he brought to the region, and he was proclaimed king and established the first state in Jiangnan, Gou Wu.
TaiBo did not marry after going to Gou Wu, ruled Gou Wu for forty-nine years, died at the age of ninety-one, and was buried on the Hongshan Mountain after his death, passed down to his second brother Zhongyong. At this point, Taibo has achieved two worlds, one is the third brother's Zhou Tianxia, and the second is the second brother Wu Tianxia, whose nobility of virtue makes posterity respected, and is also respected by posterity as the first saint of virtue, the king of the three lets, and the ancestor of Jiangnan humanities. It was when King Ke Yin of Zhou Wu asked Taibo and Zhongyong to obtain Zhou Zhang. Zhou Zhang had already been enthroned, so he was sealed. Yu Zhong, the younger brother of Zhou Zhang, was listed as a prince for Yu Zhong. Refer to Sima Qian's "Records of History" volume 31 Wu Taibo Shijia First. Although the ancestor Tai Bo Gong is 3,300 years old, his virtue is still a model for future generations, and future generations should learn well so as not to lose the virtue of the family style.
The ancestor of Eastern Wu, ---- Taibo ceded the throne of the Zhou Dynasty to his third brother, and then took his second brother all the way to the east, and Taibo's high wind and bright festival touched Jingman, and more than a thousand families belonged to him. So Taibo rebuilt the country in the Taihu Lake Basin, with the national name "Jura Wu", and built an early city in present-day Meili (now known as Meicun Township) in Wuxi as the capital. Taibo Ben Wu brought the seeds of Central Plains civilization to the backward Jiangdong region. In the new living environment, Taibo and Zhongyong were not afraid of hardships and dared to open up, and within a few years, the people were rich and finally firmly established themselves in the southeast region. Laid the foundation for the powerful Wu kingdom in later generations. After the death of this virtuous pioneer, he was buried in the last place where he moved east, that is, his stronghold in the southeast to re-open up a new world.
The ancient Gong moved east to a very significant significance, from Feng Qianqi to "Zhou Yuan", the Zhou people took the name of Yi, so the name was Zhou, and thus officially opened the prelude to the Zhou people's tu to the world. The Book of Poetry, Lu Song and The Palace of The Book of Poetry reads: "Grandson of Hou Ji, King Shiwei. Juqi no Yang, the real beginning of the business. "It recounts this feat of the ancient father. The Zhou clan flourished in the Zhou Dynasty, and gradually formed a system of sacrifices that originated in the clan but covered the society and reached the state, and the Shiqi of the Western Zhou Dynasty was an extremely important political center. The migration of the Zhou clan to the Sun of qishan and the beginning of the cause of the merchants are the two greatest achievements of the gonggong father, so that almost all important texts of the pre-Qin and even after the Han Dynasty mention this historical event, and the reason why this migration has a far-reaching impact is not in its number and distance, but in the humane concept and pacifist stance shown by the ancient gonggong father at the moment of life and death of the extinction of the country.
Articles involved in online information and individual books, more messy, too much information has not been sorted out, need more time to sort out later, but also hope that everyone in the reading more advice. Thank you!
Guanzhong Qinsheng - Ancient Feng Shannong, formerly known as Li Weibin, a lakeside native of Shilang Lake, Shuikou Town, Binzhou City, Shaanxi Province, loves literature and history, calligraphy, and Qin music