In recent years, the harm of aquaculture parasite problems is increasing, especially rainy, rainy weather is the most likely to breed epidemics, although some insects do not necessarily bring fatal threats, but will affect the growth of fish, affect feeding, and may be concurrent, trigger a series of fish diseases associated, to aquaculture to bring greater economic losses.
At present, the common insecticides such as dimethafras, permethrin insecticides, avermectin solution, copper sulfate, tobendazole solution and other chemical preparations in the fishery drug market, the better the effect, the stronger the toxicity. Insecticides have great drug residues, many pond mouths after the use of insecticides, the occurrence of water transfer, pouring algae and other phenomena, after use also need to increase oxygen, change water and even water, detoxification; many insecticidal drugs will produce resistance, with a period of time may not work, insecticides must be rotated, more must be used with caution!
This article will give you a brief introduction to the commonly used insecticides in aquatic products:
When purchasing fish medicine, mainly look at the name of the drug composition on the instructions for use, and cannot follow the product name on the package, because the same drug may take different trade names due to different manufacturers.
1. Enemy insects
Characters:
High efficiency and low toxicity, white crystals. Hydrolysis occurs in a neutral or alkaline solution, forming dichlorvos, which continues further after hydrolysis and eventually decomposes into a substance without insecticidal activity.
Pharmachologic effects:
Inhibits cholinesterase activity, causes a large accumulation of acetylcholine, and causes the nervous system dysfunction of insects, crustaceans, worms, etc., causing the nervous system to be excited first, then paralyzed, until poisoning and death. In addition, this product also has an inhibitory effect on the activity of host cholinesterase, which enhances gastrointestinal peristalsis, thereby strengthening the excretion of insects. After absorption, the drug is mainly distributed in the liver, kidneys, brain and other parts.
Adverse reactions:
There is a certain anesthetic effect, scaleless carnivorous fish and crustaceans are sensitive to this product, generally banned or used with caution.
Function and use:
For ringworms, wheelworms, tertiary worms, helminths in the intestine (tapeworms, echinococcus) and crustaceans (anchor-headed loach, Chinese loach, fish bream) and almost all parasitic pests have the effect of killing and repelling.
In addition, it can kill aquatic insects such as pine algae insects and water centipedes. It is also effective for aquatic zooplankton such as twigs and copepods (such as water fleas).
Dosage:
Water bodies below 0.5 g/m3 are ineffective, and the amount of water bodies above 4 g/m3 is hugely toxic, and the general amount of water used is 1-2 g/m3, or the dosage according to the instructions for use.
Dioptera can be combined with ferrous sulfate and face alkali to enhance its efficacy. In combination with ferrous sulfate in a ratio of 4:1, the dose is 0.2-0.3 g/m3; when combined with the surface base (1:0.6) the dose is 0.2 g/m3 concentration.
Dip: Prepared according to the dosage of 50 grams of crystalline dichlorvos per 100 kg of water added to the content of 90%. Generally, the fish body is soaked for 5 minutes to 15 minutes, which has a special effect on monosozoans and anchor-headed loach, and can kill three generations of insects, ringworms, anchor-headed loach larvae, etc.
Internal administration: Mixed into the bait at a concentration of 1%-3% for feeding, it can drive away tapeworms, nematodes and other intestinal parasites.
detoxification:
1. Change the water.
2. Feed the antidote (adsorption type).
3. Others.
Period of withdrawal: 7 days.
Notes:
1. Crustaceans such as mandarin fish, perch, white pomfret, shrimp and crab are extremely sensitive, and sea cucumbers, jellyfish and other insensitive.
2. In addition to the combination of this product with alkaline surface (sodium carbonate), it should not be combined with other alkaline substances (PH is too high and will be hydrolyzed).
2. Avermectin
Avermectin, English name Avermectins, was originally developed by Tomotomo Omura of Kitasato University in Japan and Merck Corporation in the United States, a class of hexadecyclic macrolide compounds with insecticidal, mite-killing and nematode activity. Produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces grey streptomyces avermitilis in Streptomyces. Natural Avermectins contain 8 components.
Avermectin is a wide-spectrum, efficient and small-dose insecticide commonly used in aquaculture, its properties are white or slightly yellow crystalline powder or light yellow solution, widely used in killing all kinds of fish, shrimp, crabs, shellfish, etc. in single and polyculture ponds and proliferating water bodies and fish body surface parasitic anchorhead loach, Chinese loach, fish flounder, nematodes, ringworms, three generations of parasites and aquatic insects such as pine algae, water centipedes and other aquatic insects.
Physicochemical properties:
Easily soluble in organic solvents, not easily soluble in water. The general preparation is emulsion. Xylene and toluene are commonly used as solvents, and methanol or ethanol can also be used. The content market is commonly 0.1%-1.8%.
Aliases: insecticide; insecticide; abadin; mites; 7051 insecticide; tsymethrin; efotin, etc.
Series of drugs: avermectin, ivermectin, doramusin, etc.
Mode of action and characteristics:
This product is a new broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, low-toxicity antibiotic insecticide. It has touch killing, gastric toxicity and strong penetration.
Mechanism of action:
Interfere with neurophysiological activities, stimulate the release of r-aminobutyric acid, and r-aminobutyric acid has an inhibitory effect on the nerve conduction of arthropods, while opening the glutamate-controlled chloride channel, enhancing the permeability of the neurological membrane to chloride ions, paralyzing symptoms occur after contact with the insect body, so that muscle cells lose their contractile ability, resulting in inactivity of the insect body without feeding, and death after 2-4 days.
If avermectin is used in excess, fish show symptoms of neurotoxicity: at first excitement, then quiet, the fish body blackens, gradually loses balance, rolls over, backstrokes, paroxysmal convulsions and trembling, gill caps grow, breathing difficulties, and finally death. Avermectin has an inhibitory effect on the nerve conduction of arthropods, and symptoms such as paralysis and inactivity occur after contact with avermectin.
use:
It is mainly used for the expulsion and killing of parasites such as branches, copepods, fish mackerel, anchorhead bream, Chinese loach, nematodes, ringworms, three-generation insects, echinococcus, water centipedes and so on. However, it is ineffective for tapeworms, trematodes, and protozoa. It is also used for insecticide and deworming in shrimp and crab polyculture ponds.
Water depth per acre per meter is 15 to 20 ml, or as directed on the dosage.
Fish pond: for 3-5 cm built carp semi-lethal concentration: 6.62 g / mu.
Safe concentration: 1.17 g/mu.
Polyculture ponds: 10 g.
24-hour semi-lethal concentration of green shrimp: 4.44 g/mu,
The semi-lethal concentration of 50 grams of river crab is greater than 19.2 g/mu.
Period of withdrawal: 35 days.
1. When using the fish pond, pay attention to the dosage. In particular, crucian carp and white silver carp should be used with caution, and when sprinkled, the whole pond should be evenly sprinkled to prevent and control poisoning caused by excessive local concentration.
2. When polyculture ponds, especially shrimp and crab fry, we should pay attention to the dosage. Prevents seed poisoning.
3. Cultivate shellfish with caution, and pay attention to the dosage when shellfish kill naked algae to prevent poisoning and death.
4. It should not be mixed with disinfectant.
5. Halve the use of seedlings.
3. Ivermectin
Properties: Basically ditto avermectin.
Aliases: Pest Control, Evromin, Epimycin, Illyjia, Worm Kill, etc.
Mechanism of action: ditto avermectin.
This product is a derivative of avermectin, which is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug that is orally semi-synthesized. It has an effect on most nematodes at all stages of life history; the basic role is the same as avermectin. However, when taken internally, it can be used for the expulsion and killing of ring worms and third-generation insects.
Water depth of 20 to 25 ml per acre per meter, seedlings halved, or as directed in the instructions for use.
Fish pond dosage when the whole pool is spilled: 0.1 g / mu. Shrimp pond 0.5 g / mu, 0.3 mg / kg body weight when taking internally.
Adverse reactions: fish and shrimp and aquatic organisms are more toxic, and the amount should not be increased arbitrarily when used.
Notes: Ibid. When taking the mixture internally, it is necessary to pay attention to stirring evenly to prevent poisoning caused by unevenness.
4. Cypermethrin
Properties: white crystalline powder, insoluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents, in the sun, in acid, neutral solution stable, rapid decomposition in case of alkali.
The insecticidal mechanism of this product is that the drug can quickly penetrate into the insect body after contact with the insect body, act on the worm nervous system, change the permeability of the synaptic membrane to the ion through specific receptors or dissolve in the membrane, selectively act on the sodium channel on the membrane, delay the closure of the channel valve, cause continuous inflow of sodium ions, cause excessive excitement, spasm, and finally paralysis and death.
This product stimulates the fish body greatly, and if it is slightly excessive when used, the fish have a jumping phenomenon. Shrimp and crab are extremely sensitive to this product, and this product is prohibited in the water body of single or polyculture shrimp and crab.
This product is a pyrethroid insecticide, mainly used for the control and treatment of fish Chinese loach, anchorhead loach, fish loach, branch horns and other parasitic diseases. Practice has proved that this product has a poor effect on ringworms and third-generation insects.
Dosage:
In terms of cypermethrin, the whole tank is evenly sprinkled; after the product is fully diluted with water, the amount of one time, the amount per cubic meter of water is 0.15 ~ 0.22 ml, 0.16-0.25 g / mu, or according to the dosage of the instructions for use.
Withdrawal period: 500 degrees of days.
Detoxification measures:
1. No specific antidote drugs.
2. Change the water.
3. Activated carbon adsorbent.
1 This product has a strong irritation to human skin, mucous membranes, glasses, respiratory tract, especially for large-scale skin diseases or tissue damage, the impact is more serious, pay attention to protection when using.
2 There is no special antidote to acute poisoning of this product, atropine can alleviate the symptoms of poisoning, and gastric lavage can be used with 4% sodium bicarbonate solution when mistakenly taking poisoning.
3 Can not be mixed with alkaline substances, so as not to disperse failure, but in order to improve the efficacy, reduce the amount of use, delay the production of resistance, can be mixed with non-alkaline substances such as malathion, mixed with as-used.
4 Moderate toxicity, easy to decompose in nature, rapid transformation in animals, not easy to pollute the environment, and will not lead to drug residues in animal foods.
5. Cypermethrin
Properties: This product is a yellow-brown to dark reddish brown viscous liquid, with extremely low solubility in water and easy to dissolve in organic solvents. Stable under neutral or acidic conditions, hydrolyzed under strong alkaline conditions, good thermal stability. Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide with contact and gastric toxicity. The insecticidal spectrum is wide, the medicinal effect is rapid, it is stable to light and heat, and it has a killing effect on the eggs of some pests. The use of this drug to control pests that are resistant to organophosphorus is good.
Pharmacological action: homobromocyanid polyester.
Adverse reactions: This product is prone to drug resistance. This product is forbidden to shrimp, crab and fish fry.
Role and use: used to control parasitic diseases caused by chinese bream, bighead carp, crucian carp, bream, yellow jawfish, yellow eel, eel, eel, catfish and other fish caused by Chinese bream, anchorhead bream, fish bream, three generations of insects, finger worms, etc.
Directions & Dosage:
Each mu of water body water depth of 1 meter with this product 80-100 ml, 0.45-0.6 g / mu, or according to the instructions for use on the dosage.
Period of withdrawal: 14 days.
1. This product should not be used within 24 hours after using the disinfectant.
2. Shrimp and crabs are sensitive to this product, and this product is prohibited in the water body of single or polyculture shrimp and crab.
3. It is strictly forbidden to mix with alkaline or strong oxidizing drugs.
4, this product is easy to produce resistance, the dosage and the number of applications should not be arbitrarily increased, and attention should be paid to the alternating use with non-permethrin pesticides.
5. The transparency and PH value of the pool water are different when used, and the dosage should be appropriately increased or decreased. The safe concentrations for silver carp, grass carp and carp were: 0.5, 1, 0 and 1.0 g/mu, respectively.
Sixth, copper sulfate
Shape : blue or dark blue crystalline granules or powder. Odorless, metallic, weatherable in air, soluble in water (1:3), slightly soluble ethanol (1:500). The aqueous solution is acidic. Copper sulfate and ammonia solution produce a blue precipitate; with hydrochloric acid and its preparations to form a dark brown precipitate; with alkaline liquid to form a dark blue precipitate; placed or heated black.
Pharmacological:
Copper sulfate meets water to free copper ions, copper ions can bind to proteins to form complexes, so that proteins denature, precipitation, so that the parasites in vivo enzymes lose activity, play a role in killing parasites. Free copper ions in water can destroy the activity of the oxidoractive system in the worm, hinder the metabolism of the worm or the protein of the worm to bind into protein salts. Low concentration solutions can show astringent effect on tissues, and high concentrations show irritation and corrosive effects.
Copper sulfate has certain toxic side effects, causing bone necrosis, decreased hematopoietic function, reducing the activity of trypsin in the intestine, affecting its feeding and growth, etc. Copper has a significant cumulative effect in the liver and kidneys of the fish.
Copper sulfate is mainly used to control parasitic diseases caused by cryptocephalus, wheelworms, oblique tubeworms, fixed ciliates, etc. such as grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, crucian carp, eel, etc. It has a killing effect on the parasitizing carbene worms, flagellars, ciliates, intrachopods, ringworms, three generations of insects, etc., and can kill compound flukes, crustaceans, etc., and can also inhibit and kill cyanobacteria and filamentous algae, and kill fungi and certain bacteria.
Copper sulfate is usually used in a ratio of 5:2 with ferrous sulfate, and ferrous sulfate has an astringent effect and plays an auxiliary insecticidal role. The insecticidal ability of copper sulfate is related to various factors in the water body, such as its efficacy is proportional to the water temperature, and is inversely proportional to the content of organic matter and suspended solids in the water, salinity and pH.
Usage and dosage: When using copper sulfate, it is best to first measure the pH value in the water body and the organic matter content in the water body, and reasonably determine the dosage.
According to the dosage of 100 kg of water added to 0.8 grams of copper sulfate, soaking the fish body for 20 minutes to 30 minutes can kill a variety of parasites such as gill cryptic whipworms, wheel worms, oblique tube worms, caterpillars and cupworms that parasitize the whole body, and has a certain effect on preventing fish diseases caused by this parasite.
450-500 grams of this product per mu of water body water depth of 1 meter, or 0.7 to 1.0 grams per cubic meter of water body, or 0.5 to 0.7 grams per cubic meter of water body + 0.2 grams of ferrous sulfate, which can increase the osmotic pressure, or according to the dosage of the instructions for use.
Dip: Use alone as a mixture of 8 g/m3, or 8 g/m3 copper sulfate and 10 g/m3 bleach powder, at a water temperature of about 15 degrees Celsius, soak for 20-30 minutes to prevent gill rot, erythroderma and protozoal disease.
According to the dosage of 1 gram of bleaching powder and 0.8 grams of copper sulfate per 100 kg of water, the two drugs are first dissolved in water, and then the two solutions are mixed evenly when used, and adjusted to a predetermined concentration. At water temperature of 10 °C to 15 °C, soak the fish body for 20 minutes to 30 minutes, which has a certain effect on the prevention of bacterial fish diseases and some parasitic fish diseases.
Hanging bags: Can be used alone or in combination with ferrous sulfate in the ratio of 5:2 in the food field hanging bags, but the total dose of the day should not exceed 0.7 g / cubic meter.
1. The toxicity of this product is directly proportional to water temperature, and is inversely proportional to the total amount of organic matter and suspended solids in water, salinity and PH.
2, do not use metal containers when dissolving, the water temperature should not be too high (60 ° C), in order to prevent drug failure.
3. Pay attention to oxygenation after medication to prevent dead algae from consuming dissolved oxygen and affecting water quality.
4, should pay attention to: do not use for a long time, so as not to affect the growth of beneficial algae.
5. Do not use at the same time as alkaline substances such as quicklime.
6, sturgeon, bream and other fish use with caution; thin ponds, fish fry ponds, low hardness water appropriately reduce the amount of use.
7. Ferrous sulfate
Ferrous sulfate generally does not have a toxic killing effect, so it is generally not used alone, and is mostly used with copper sulfate and dichlorvos.
Usually, copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate are used in the ratio of 5:2, and ferrous sulfate has an astringent effect and plays an auxiliary insecticidal role.
Dimethoate can be combined with ferrous sulfate to strengthen its efficacy, and with ferrous sulfate in a ratio of 4:1, the dose is 0.2-0.3 g / m3.
VIII. Mebendazole
Properties: This product is white, white or slightly yellow powder or water agent, odorless, insoluble in water and most organic solvents, glacial acetic acid slightly soluble, easily soluble in formic acid, acetic acid.
Role and use: insect repellent insecticide. Mebendazole binds to parasitic cell tubulins and interferes with the formation of microtubules, thus functioning. It can be used to kill fish ringworm disease, pseudo-ringworm disease, three-generation insect disease and other monoculosorous trematodes (such as tapeworms), etc., mostly for internal deworming.
Content: The national standard is 10%.
This product can cause the disappearance of intestinal cytoplasmic microtubules in the insect body, can irreversibly inhibit the use of glucose by the insect body, lead to the depletion of the insect glycogen and adenosine triphosphate, hinder the growth and development of the insect body, or prolong the presence of hydrolases in the cell, thereby accelerating the dissolution of the cortex of the insect body.
Adverse reactions: less oral absorption, mild adverse reactions.
Role and use: efficient, broad-spectrum, low-toxicity anthelmintic drugs, this product is commonly used to kill parasitic internal and external trematodes, ringworms, three generations of insects and fish flounder.
Feeding: 20g per 100 kg of fish weight, once a day for 4-7 days.
Whole pond sprinkling: in terms of this product, add 2000 times of water to dilute evenly and then sprinkle: the treatment of monorous trematodiasis of bluefish, grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, mandarin fish, 1.0 to 1.5 grams per cubic meter of water body; the treatment of European eel, American eel monocultural trematozoasis, 2.5 to 5.0 grams per cubic meter of water body.
Or follow the instructions for use.
1. Protect from light.
2. According to the normal dosage, the cochineal fish dies; freshwater white pomfret and spotted forktail catfish are sensitive (not used); various shellfish are sensitive. Scaleless fish should be used with caution (yellow jaw fish, mandarin fish can be used), spotted forktail catfish, largemouth catfish, farmed shellfish, snails are prohibited.
3, this product about 72 hours to have obvious effect, the pond as far as possible to do 5 days without changing water.
IX. Albendazole
Pharmacological action: antihelminthic drugs. This product is sensitive to nematodes and has a strong repellent effect on tapeworms and trematodes.
Mechanism of action: by binding to the tubulin of nematodes, after binding to β-tubulin, prevent it from multipolying and assembling into microtubules with α-tubulin, which is the basic structural unit of many organelles and is necessary for cell reproduction processes such as mitosis, protein assembly and energy metabolism.
Indications: Mainly used for the treatment of parasitic diseases caused by biquamous trematodes (gills) and Beniden's trematodes in marine cultured fish, and parasitic diseases caused by infections such as ringworms, three-generation insects and myxosporidium in freshwater farmed fish.
Content: The national standard is 6%.
Feeding: one dose, 0.2 grams per 1 weight of fish, once a day, for 5 to 7 days, or according to the dosage of the instructions for use.
Adverse reactions: use according to the recommended dose, no adverse reactions.
(1) This product has embryotoxic and teratogenic effects, so aquatic animals during the breeding period should not be used;
(2) If the amount of drug delivered does not reach the effective dose of administration, only the insect body in part of the fish can be expelled.
10. Desenamide
Species: Desenamide, allicin, isothiazolinone.
Properties: Liquid (desenamide 45%).
It is mainly to inhibit the oxidation of pyruvate, thereby preventing aerobic respiration, causing the death of the insect body (main rotifers, protozoa effective) or achieving an insect repellent effect. In addition, tests have proved to have a certain effect on ringworms. The effect on branches, fish and fish and so on is poor or ineffective.
Organic sulfur fungicides are more sensitive to mandarin fish and bearded catfish, while yellow jaw fish are more sensitive and need to be careful when using. Normal doses are generally less toxic to crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs. Theoretically, it is harmful to sea cucumbers, jellyfish, etc., so it should be used with caution.
In addition, such drugs are more toxic to flagella, such as algae, and should be used to prevent water transfer. Improper use can easily lead to poisoning, death and accident disputes.
Follow the instructions for use.
1. It cannot be used with copper ions and other heavy metal ions.
2. Can not be combined with alkaline drugs.
3. When the water quality indicators deteriorate, such as: ammonia nitrogen and nitrite exceed the standard, they should be used with caution.
4. When using such drugs, we must pay attention to oxygenation (opening an aerator).
5. The degradation rate of such drugs is relatively fast, and attention should be paid to the validity period of drug use.
2. Alkaline drug detoxification. Such as: quicklime. 10-20 kg/mu.
3. Adsorption of products with activated carbon as the main ingredient.
4. Strong oxidizing agent for oxidation and detoxification.
11. Octyl thiophos
Properties: oily liquid, alkaline medium, high temperature, light is easy to decompose.
Organophosphorus insecticide, an irreversible inhibitor of serine protease. It has a strong inhibitory effect on cholinesterase. Causes acetylcholine to accumulate in large quantities in the body, causing abnormal nerve excitation, causing tremors, spasms, parases and death of parasite limbs. This product is easy to degrade and has less environmental pollution.
Function and use: It has a killing effect on anchorhead bream, Chinese loach, fish flounder, ring worm, three generations of insects, branches, copepods, etc.
According to the instructions for use on the dosage or 11-13 g / mu.
Detoxification measures: the same as general organophosphorus pesticides.
Safe concentration: 8.2 cm grass carp 220 g/mu.
(1) Hypoxia, floating head before and after the strict prohibition of use;
(2) It shall not be mixed with alkaline drugs such as quicklime or strong oxidizing drugs such as chlorine dioxide, potassium permanganate, and trichloroisocyanuric acid;
(3) Use small juvenile fry under 6 cm with caution;
(4) If poisoning occurs when the dose is too high, atropine or cholinesterase complex can be used for rescue;
(5) It is prohibited in shrimp and crab farming;
(6) Timely and long-term oxygenation after use.
XII. Malathion
Properties: This product is a light yellow oily liquid, slightly soluble in water, easy to dissolve in a variety of organic solvents. In the case of alkaline or acidic substances, they are easy to decompose and fail.
Content: national standard 20%.
This product is an earlier application of organophosphorus insecticide, mainly to touch killing, gastric poisoning to kill pests, the virulence of pests is stronger, mainly in the pest body is oxidized to mala oxidium, the latter anticholinesterase activity increased by 1000 times.
The toxicity of this product to humans and animals is very low, the reason is that malathion is hydrolyzed in mammals under the action of phosphoestase, losing activity, and the lack of this enzyme in pests, malathion and its oxidation product mala oxidium can not be hydrolyzed and inactivated, so the toxicity to pests is large.
This product is mixed with insecticides such as cervine and dichlorvos to improve the efficacy.
Adverse reactions: Malathion has a certain effect on the immune function of the animal body.
This product can effectively kill parasites such as Chinese loach, anchorhead bream, fish bream, ringworm, three generations of insects, branches, copepods and other parasites parasitic in fish bodies and water bodies, and can kill and repel pests such as water centipedes in water bodies.
According to the instructions for use on the dosage or 14-17 g / mu. The safe concentration of carp of 3-5 cm for 24 hours is: 1374 g/mu.
Precautions: Do not mix with alkaline or acidic drugs to avoid decomposition failure.
XIII. Zinc sulfate
Properties: Zinc sulfate heptahydrate is colorless and transparent prismatic or fine needle crystalline or granular crystal powder, which is odorless, astringent, weathered, and precipitates when it meets sodium carbonate, sodium benzoate, and protein. It is a heavy metal salt insecticide, which is easily soluble in water, and the zinc ions generated in the water combine with the proteins of the insect cells to form protein salts, so that they precipitate to kill insects.
Commonly used on the market is zinc sulfate heptahydrate with a content of 60%, which is generally diluted by zeolite powder as a carrier.
Uses: Solid ciliate parasitic diseases used to kill or expel aquaculture animals such as river crabs and shrimps.
Prevention: The dosage per cubic meter of water is 0.2 to 0.3 grams, once every 15 to 20 days.
Treatment: The dosage per cubic meter of water is 0.75 to 1 gram, once a day, and in severe cases, it can be used once to 2 times.
(1) Eels are prohibited from use;
(2) Shrimp and crab seedling stage and the middle of the shelling stage should be used with caution;
(3) Pay attention to oxygenation in high temperature and low pressure climate.
(4_ The water is overweight, and the effect of use after changing the water is obvious.
(5) When filamentous algae or dirt are attached at the same time, repeat it once every other day.
14. Potassium permanganate
Potassium permanganate is highly bactericidal and can also kill microorganisms and some parasites.
According to the dosage of adding 2 grams of potassium per 100 kg of water to the dosage, at 10 ° C ~ 20 ° C water temperature, soak the fish body for 20 minutes to 30 minutes, the monoculture fluke and anchorhead loach has a special effect, can kill the three generations of insects, ringworms, wheel worms and oblique tube worms parasitized on the fish body.
In the process of fish disease control, the multi-drug bath method: soaking the diseased fish at a concentration of 10 g/m3 for 1-1.5 hours can kill a variety of sporidium on the surface of the anchorhead and the surface of the fish; soaking the diseased fish at a concentration of 20 g/m3 for 15-30 minutes can treat fish ringworm disease and third-generation insect disease.
It should be noted that the aqueous solution of potassium permanganate is very easy to decompose and fails, so it should be used now. In addition, potassium permanganate is prone to oxidation failure in sunlight, so it should be placed in a colored bottle and stored tightly.
Fifteen, iodine
Iodine is a strong oxidant, has a strong bactericidal, virusicidal, moldicidal and prosthetic insecticide and other effects, its mechanism of action may be iodized and oxidized pathogen protoplasmic protein, iodine has a strong irritation to the tissue, the greater the concentration, the stronger the irritation.
It is used in the prevention and control of fish diseases to treat coccidiosis and uterine nematode disease.
Usage and dosage: For coccidiosis, use 2.4 g of iodine or 60 ml of 4% iodine wine per 100 kg of bluefish, make medicinal bait and feed for 4-7 days. For uterine nematode disease, 4% iodine is applied directly to the affected area for the treatment of carp uterine nematode disease.
16. Dichlorophenol sulfate (all-butadin)
Dichlorophenol sulfate is a white or nearly white powder, insoluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents.
Dichlorophenol sulfate has a pronounced deworming effect on trematodes and tapeworms.
Fish disease control is used to treat taeniasis of the head groove. The dosage is to feed 0.7-1 kg of bein mixed bait per 100 kg of fish per day for 3 consecutive days.
17. Salt
Table salt, also known as salt, also referred to as salt, is a white crystalline powder or lumpy, odorless, salty, easy to dissolve in water, its chemical name is sodium chloride, the chemical formula is Nac1, the salt dissolved in water becomes sodium ions and chloride ions, the main component of salt is sodium chloride, of course, there are magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and other components, but these components are minimal. In addition to public consumption, table salt is also a cheap medicine for the prevention and treatment of fish diseases, and table salt is an indispensable common product for the treatment of fish diseases.
The insecticidal and sterilization function of salt on fish: different proportions can treat and control different fish diseases, and the main role is to disinfect bacteria, wheel worms, oblique tube worms, etc. on the surface of the fish. The sterilization (main) insecticidal (secondary) effect of salt is to take advantage of the relationship of osmotic pressure, because bacteria due to the presence of high osmotic pressure of salt, bacteria and insects will lose water and dehydrate and die.
The use and dosage of salt: Table salt used in aquaculture is divided into three types: dip method, whole pond sprinkling method and internal service method. According to the test: soaking summer flower seedlings with parasitic disease with 3% salt water, the oblique tube worm died after 1 minute, the gill cryptoflagellus died after 5 minutes, and the wheel worm, cup worm, oblique tube worm and oral filaria all died after 10 minutes. Soak the summer flower seedlings with parasitic diseases with 1.7% to 2% salt water for 30 minutes, and all three generations of insects and ringworms will die and all the fish loach will fall off.
The common concentration of table salt is 3% to 5%, that is, 3 to 4 kilograms of salt are added to every 100 kilograms of water. Under the water temperature conditions of 10 °C ~ 15 °C, soaking the fish body for 10 minutes to 15 minutes can kill most of the insect bodies and bacteria, water mold, etc. on the fish body, and has a good effect on the prevention of bacterial gill disease, water mold disease and some parasitic diseases.
1. Dipping method.
The fish body is soaked with 2% saline solution for 1.0 to 20 minutes to prevent and control red worm disease.
Washing the diseased fish with 1% to 2% brine for 2 to 8 minutes can prevent wheelworm disease
Soaking the diseased fish with 2.5% saline for 20 minutes can treat the mouth filariasis of the fish.
Washing the fish body with 2% saline for 5 min can treat the fish's oblique tubeworm disease.
Soaking the fish body with a 5% salt solution for 5 min can prevent ringworm disease.
Soaking the sick fish with 3% saline for 10 to 20 minutes or bathing the sick fish with 2% saline for 30 minutes can treat carp uterine nematode disease.
Soak the fish body with 3% salt water for about 2 minutes, which can prevent and treat whitehead and white mouth disease.
Soak the fish body with 2% to 4% brine for 4 to 5 minutes, which can prevent skin diseases and gill diseases caused by water mold and wheel worms
Soak with 3.5% salt water and 1.5% magnesium sulfate, soak at water temperature 20 °C for 15 minutes, can control small melon worms.
With 1/50,000 copper sulfate and the same concentration of magnesium sulfate, plus 1% salt mixture soaked in the diseased fish for 20 to 30 minutes can kill the small melon worm (white spot disease).
2. Whole pool sprinkling method.
Sprinkle with 10-15 kg of dissolved water with table salt to prevent whitehead white mouth disease and wheelworm disease.
18. Insecticides for fish plants
Some plants are used as repellent and insecticidal drugs, and their drugs and nutrients coexist. Most of the species contain alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, organic matter, polysaccharides, chlorogenic acids, resins and other organic chemical active substances to varying degrees, which have the effect of improving the body's immunity and disease resistance, sterilization, antiviral resistance and exorcising parasites.
Some plants have multiple therapeutic functions. While repelling fish parasites, it can also treat some other diseases at the same time. For example, maple poplar branches and leaves not only prevent and control fish anchor head loach disease, but also can prevent fish leukoderma and be used as a disinfectant for fish bodies.
Neem: the fruits and leaves of the neem tree can be medicated, take the neem branches and leaves in several places in the pool to pile up, or use the branches and leaves to boil the juice after the whole pool is spilled, can prevent and control wheel worm disease, hidden whipworm disease, with calamus, mulberry leaves, etc., can treat anchor head loach disease. Its root and skin boiling sauce also have the same effect.
Wheelworm disease
1 per mu of water depth of 1 meter with neem tree (leaves, skin or fruit), masson pine 10 ~ 12.5 kg each, chopped and boiled juice into 12 ~ 25 kg, sprinkled in the whole pool, once a day, continuous use for 2 to 3 days.
2 Take 30 to 40 kg of neem branches and leaves, pile them directly in the pond, and fish out the residue after 5 to 7 days.
3 Mash 25 g of neem leaves and soak the sick fish once a day.
4 Per cubic meter of water, 25 grams of neem leaves and spicy indigo grass are boiled into a medicinal solution, and 20 grams of lime milk are poured.
Gill whiplash disease
Each cubic meter of water body is boiled with 20 grams of fresh neem leaves to cool and evenly sprinkled.
Croton: The active ingredient of croton insecticide is croton toxin. If croton, camphor, rock gui, paprika powder is made of medicinal powder according to the ratio of 3:2:2:3, and 2 grams to 3 grams of feed are added per kilogram of feed to feed fish, which can prevent and control diseases such as oblique tube worms, small melon worms, and wheel worms.
Pomegranate skin: it can control parasitic diseases such as Tapeworm, Three-generation Worm, Capillary Nematode, Red Nematode, Ciliate and so on. When used, it can be ground into a fine powder, and 3 grams to 5 grams can be added per kilogram of feed.
Ume: It is an unripe plum fruit, mainly containing citric acid, malic acid, and hydrocyanic acid. Several acids can make gastrointestinal parasites incapacitated and excreted with feces, which is a parasite drug to kill the gastrointestinal tract of fish.
Masson pine: 20 kg of masson pine branches per acre of water surface, tied into multiple bunches in the pool, 7 days to 10 days to change once, can prevent and control fish anchor head loach disease, fish carp disease and so on.
Mulberry leaves: contain a variety of alkaloids, glycosides, phenolic substances, with enhanced body immune sterilization, antiviral and insect repellent effect.
Camphor leaves: contain a variety of alkaloids, glycosides, phenols and camphor and other bactericidal and insect repellent active substances. Each acre is mashed with 15 kilograms of camphor leaves, and the juice is thrown into the pond with slag, which can effectively kill the fish and mackerel.
Bitter ginseng: for the disc hookworm, capillary worm, three generations of worms, vine uterine nematodes, red nematodes, etc. have obvious killing effect, the dosage is: every 50 kg of fish feed added 3 grams to 5 grams of bitter ginseng powder, continuous use for 3 days to 5 days.
Ginkgo biloba: Ginkgo biloba root bark contains ginkgoline, isoflavones and a variety of phenols. Ginkgo biloba root skin and Bo luohui are made of medicinal powder in a 6:4 ratio, and fed according to 15% to 20% in fish feed, which can treat ringworms, third-generation insects, and chiscular disease of fish.
Artemisinin: colorless needle-like crystals, insoluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents.
Pharmacological effect of artemisinin: This product is a sesquiterpane lactone extracted from Asteraceae, which usually acts on the biofilm structure of the insect body, interferes with the function of the cell surface membrane and mitochondria, thereby blocking the uptake of hemoglobin by the insect body, and finally causing the membrane to rupture and die.
Adverse reactions: Animals have mild nausea, vomiting and other side effects after oral administration, and can quickly return to normal after stopping the drug.
Role and use: Originally an efficient and quick-acting antimalarial drug, it also has a killing effect on schistosomiasis, and can be used to control coccidiosis in fish in aquatic products.
Usage and dosage: Oral. 20-30 mg/kg body weight once daily for three to five days.
Precautions: Combined with trimethoprim has a synergistic effect.
Methods and precautions for the use of insecticidal drugs
Aquaculture insecticides for the administration of insecticides mainly have three kinds of sprinkling, internal administration and medicinal bath or soaking, killing parasites on the surface of aquatic objects, gills, fins and other body surfaces mainly use sprinkling and medicinal bath or soaking method; while when killing parasites in the intestine and other internal parasites, the method of internal medication is more used, and the internal administration method is less used. The sprinkling method is described in the above content of this article,
Precautions when using pesticides in special aquatic animals
Freshwater white pomfret: it is the most sensitive to organophosphorus pesticides, so the use of drugs such as dichlorvos should be prohibited.
Mandarin fish: Sensitive to drugs such as predators. The concentration of the insect is more than 0.2 g/m3, which will lead to poisoning and death.
Kazuran perch: Sensitive to crystalline enemies. When sprinkling the whole pond with crystalline dimethoaters to prevent and control fish diseases, the concentration should be controlled below 0.3 g/m3.
Snakehead (mullet): Sensitive to ferrous sulfate, should be used with caution or not.
Rainbow trout: it is more sensitive to enemy insects and potassium permanganate, especially rainbow trout juveniles. At water temperature 11.5°C to 13.5°C, the safe concentration of dichlorvos against rainbow trout is 0.049 g/m3.
River crab: It is sensitive to crystalline insects and copper sulfate, and should be banned or used with caution. When spilling the whole tank, the safe concentration of dimethods should be controlled below 0.3 g/m3, and the concentration of copper sulfate should be controlled below 0.7 g/m3.
Green shrimp: it is more sensitive to crystalline insects and copper sulfate, and should be banned or used with caution. The concentration of copper sulfate should be controlled below 0.3 g/m3.
Giant river prawn: It is particularly sensitive to predatory insects and is strictly prohibited. When spilling the whole tank, the concentration of bleaching powder should be controlled below 1 g/m3, the concentration of copper sulfate should be controlled below 0.3 g/m3, and the concentration of quicklime should be controlled below 25 g/m3.
When polyculture of fish, shrimp and crabs, it should be forbidden or cautious to use crystalline insects and copper sulfate. When the whole pool is spilled, the concentration of quicklime should be controlled below 10 to 15 grams per cubic meter.
Enclosure:
Fish farming to kill parasites is prudent with insecticides
There are blood spots or blood spots on the scales of the fish body, I don't know what it is? Analysis of Possible Factors of Poor Insecticidal Effect of Fish Parasite --- AnchorHead Loach Killing Treatment (No. 376)
Precautions to be aware of when using copper sulfate to kill insects and algae (Issue 333)
Analysis of possible factors for poor insecticidal effect
The primary parasite control after temperature increase --- comprehensive control measures for rotifers
The eight-point misunderstanding of the wheel worm and the three-point comprehensive prevention and control
Overbearing Parasites of Fry Fingerlings: Wheelworms and Ringworms (Issue 382)
Can't take medication at low temperatures? Medication methods and treatment of stress responses at low temperatures
For more information, please visit the aquatic products professional website: Southwest China Fishery Network http://www.yc6318.cn/