Common disease control techniques for bearded catfish farming
Xu Zhengsheng and so on
Claris fuscus, commonly known as pond catfish, pond horn fish, belongs to the catfish, beard catfish family, beard catfish genus, with delicious taste, tender meat, rich nutrition and other advantages, in addition to high medicinal value. Bearded catfish is an omnivorous fish based on animal food, which can feed on zooplankton, organic detritus, leftover bait, feces, etc. in ponds, and polyculture with other fish can play a role in improving the breeding environment and increasing production efficiency. In recent years, the price of bearded catfish has risen, the demand has increased, and it has become one of the popular breeds. More farmers use small ponds and cement ponds (canvas ponds) for high-density aquaculture, with short breeding time, high yield and large profits, but the consequent diseases are also increasing, resulting in greater economic losses. After years of tracking and diagnosing and treating bearded catfish diseases, the common disease prevention and control methods in breeding are summarized to provide a reference for the healthy breeding of bearded catfish.
1 Wheelworm disease
1.1 Pathogens
Wheel worms and small wheel worms.
1.2 Symptoms
It parasitizes on the surface and gills of bearded catfish. The body color of the sick fish is black, the appetite is reduced, the fish body is emaciated, the mucus increases, and some of the fish tail handles fade "white", and in severe cases, the sick fish can be seen lying quietly on the bottom of the pool or suspended on the surface of the water with their heads facing up.
1.3 Epidemics and Hazards
The main hazard is the bearded catfish with a body length of < 10 cm, which can be infected all year round, the peak season is April to October, and the water temperature is 20 to 30 °C. Mainly to ingest the host's skin tissue cells and gill tissue as nutrition, damage the skin and gill tissue, affect the fish's breathing and cause death.
1.4 Prevention and control methods
Wheelworms are prone to occur in rainy weather, so observe the activity of bearded catfish diligently and do a good job of regular sampling testing. At the onset of the disease, the main treatment measures are: (1) copper sulfate ferrous sulfate powder (for aquatic use), a one-time amount, per 1 m3 water body 0.5 to 0.7 g, the whole pool is spilled; (2) 100 parts are scattered, a dose, per 1 kg of feed 8 g, mixed feeding, 1 d1 times, continuous use of 5 days.
2 Three generations of insect disease
2.1 Pathogens
Three generations of worms.
2.2 Symptoms
It parasitizes on the surface of the body or gills of bearded catfish. The sick fish is emaciated, the surface of the body is covered with a layer of gray-white mucus, some of which have small red spots of congestion, and in severe cases, the gills are gray-white at the edges, and the gills are spotted with blood.
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2.3 Epidemics and Hazards
It mainly harms bearded catfish seedlings, which occur in spring and early summer, and the incidence is high. The insect body mainly destroys the surface tissue and gills of the host body, causing ulceration, infection with bacteria and difficulty breathing, and high mortality.
2.4 Prevention and control methods
Rationally control the stocking density and do a good job in eliminating insect pests in water storage ponds. At the onset of the disease, the main treatment measures are: (1) refined dimethoate powder, a dose, per 1 m3 water body 0.2 ~ 0.3 g, the whole pond spilled; (2) mebendazole solution (for aquatic production), a one-time amount, per 1 m3 water body 0.15 mL, the whole pond spilled. Bearded catfish is a scaleless fish, there is an allergic reaction to some insecticidal drugs, treatment should first be tried on a small scale, to confirm the safety of the whole pool.
3 Water mold disease
3.1 Pathogens
Water mold and cotton mold.
3.2 Symptoms
A layer of white or off-white cotton-flocculent hyphae appears at the surface of the beard catfish or frostbite, often mixed with suspended material in water to appear yellow-brown. The sick fish swim slowly on the surface of the water, lose appetite, and finally die of thinness.
3.3 Epidemics and Hazards
It occurs in spring and winter, and is prone to infection when the water temperature is low and the body is damaged. Mold can secrete a large number of protein decomposition enzymes, the body after stimulation of mucus increased, restless, overburdened, resulting in the fish body weakness and death.
3.4 Prevention and control methods
Excess silt in ponds is removed and disinfected with quicklime before rearing, and netting is minimized in winter to avoid damage to fish bodies. The following measures are taken at the time of pulling the net or at the onset of the disease: (1) povidone iodine solution (for aquatic use), 0.3 mL per 1 m3 water body at a time, sprinkled in the whole pool, used once every other day; (2) salt and baking soda (1:1), once, per 1 m3 water body, 4 g each, after mixing the whole pool.
4 Canker disease
4.1 Pathogens
Aeromonas hydrophilus and its subspecies.
4.2 Symptoms
The onset bearded catfish swims alone, unresponsively, the snout is weak or decomposed, irregular rot occurs on the side of the body, the bones are exposed when the muscles are severely ulcerated, the tail fin and tail stalk fade or even ulcerate, there is generally no blood oozing from the ulcer, and some diseased fish can be dissected to have a reddish liquid in the abdominal cavity.
4.3 Epidemics and Hazards
Ulcer disease is mainly prevalent in the high temperature season from May to October, and bearded catfish are also prone to ulceration when the water temperature is continuously > 25 °C. After the onset of the disease, the fish swim slowly, the feeding is reduced, the organs are exposed in severe cases, and eventually the failure dies.
4.4 Prevention and control methods
Maintain stable water quality, regularly fill groundwater in the high temperature season, and regularly mix and feed "vitamin C (for aquatic products)" to enhance physical fitness. At the onset of the disease, the main treatment measures are: (1) glutaraldehyde benzalkonium bromide solution (for aquatic use), one dose, 1 m3 water body 0.3 mL, the whole pool is spilled, and used once every other day; (2) florfenicol powder, a dose, every 1 kg body mass 20 mg, mixed feeding, 1 d 1 time, continuous use 5 to 7 d.
5 Enteritis
5.1 Pathogens
Aeromonas punctate.
5.2 Symptoms
The onset bearded catfish swims alone, some belly up, do not feed, the body color is black, the abdomen is expanded, and the anus is often red and swollen, with a purple-red color. Anatomy reveals hyperemia and redness of the intestinal wall, no food in the intestine, and a gas and yellow viscous fluid.
5.3 Epidemics and Hazards
It becomes endemic at water temperatures > 20 °C, and the highest season is from April to October, and mustache catfish species can be infected to adults. Pathogenic bacteria that multiply in the intestine produce toxins and enzymes, necrosis of the mucosal epithelium, damage to the liver after the toxin is absorbed, and mycotoxins can also cause sepsis and death in fish.
5.4 Prevention and control methods
According to the weather conditions, do "regular and quantitative" feeding, and pay attention to oxygenation after eating. At the onset of the disease: (1) compound iodine solution (for aquatic use), one amount, 1 m3 water body 0.2 mL, sprinkle the whole pool, reuse the next day;
(2) Compound
Sulfamethazine powder (for aquatic use), once, 100 mg per 1 kg body mass, secondary, 50 mg per 1 kg body mass, mixed feeding, 1 d1 times, for 7 days.
6 Conclusion
With consumers attaching importance to the quality and safety of aquatic products, "antibiotic-free" aquaculture has become the development trend of the aquaculture industry, efficient ecological aquaculture is the most feasible and sustainable mode, and the breeding process should follow the principle of "prevention first, prevention and control combination". The occurrence of disease is often affected by the body, the environment and pathogens. Therefore, the following measures should be taken: first, select good seedlings with strong physique, feed them with comprehensive nutrition to ensure the healthy growth of fish bodies; second, regularly change water and use micro-ecological preparations to regulate water quality, improve the substrate in the later stage, and maintain a good breeding environment; third, reasonably control the density of aquaculture, timely catch large and small, and reduce environmental stress between fish bodies; finally, do a good job in eliminating diseases and insect pests, reduce the invasion of pathogens into fish bodies, and reduce the incidence.