Recently, the occurrence of various pests has become more and more frequent, especially many small pests, with their individual small, strong adaptability, high reproductive rate, hidden pests and other characteristics, in many areas has become an important pest on vegetables, not only seriously affecting the normal growth and development of vegetable plants, but also will lead to a decline in vegetable quality.
Below, Xiaobian summarizes the occurrence and control methods of five types of small pests such as whiteflies, pest mites, thrips, aphids and spotted flies, which are seriously harmful to vegetables, in order to provide a reference for vegetable growers to control small vegetable pests.
First, the occurrence and harm of small pests of vegetables
1. Whiteflies
At present, the main pests of whitefly, which are harmful to vegetables, are bemisia tabaci and trialeurodes vaporariorum, of which the whitefly is the only species called "super bug" by countries around the world. Both nymphs and adults of whiteflies can harm plants, sucking plant sap through stinging mouthparts, affecting plant growth and development. The honeydew secreted by it is easy to breed other pathogenic bacteria, causing the occurrence of coal pollution disease, affecting the photosynthesis and fruit quality of the plant. More importantly, whitefly pests such as whiteflies are important vectors for many viral diseases.
2. Pest mites
The main types of pest mites that cause serious harm to vegetables in production are tetranyhus and polyphagotarsonemus latus. Among them, our common leaf mites mainly include cinnabainus cinnabainus (also known as red spiders), diplodocus tørhalleate(also known as white spiders), to adult mites, juvenile mites and mites suck sap on the back of the leaves and spit silk knot webs, for the initial damage of the affected leaves appear many small lost green spots, and then become gray-white, inhibiting photosynthesis, resulting in leaf loss of green and death. The tea mite sucks the sap of the young buds, young leaves and young fruits of the plant with the adult mites and young mites, showing a very obvious tender habit, the affected plant or organ deformity, the back of the affected leaf is gray-brown or yellow-brown, with an oily luster, and the young stems and melon fruits become brown and rough and irregular.
3. Thrips
There are many types of thrips, and the thrips on vegetables mainly include melon thrips, smoky thrips (shallot thrips, cotton thrips), westflower thrips and other types, which can harm green onions, peppers, melons, eggplants, beans and other vegetable crops. Adult and nymphs are mostly hidden in the flowers or in the young tissues of plants, and the young shoots, young leaves, flowers and young fruits of the plant are injured by filing suction mouthparts, and the dead tissues are aging and hardened and stiff, the young leaves are twisted and deformed, the leaf flesh appears faded and small scars appear, and the fruit appears "rusty skin". In addition, thrips can transmit a variety of viruses, affecting plant yield and quality.
4. Aphids
Commonly known as "greasy worms" and "honey worms", aphids are one of the most destructive sucking insects on Earth. Among them, the aphids on vegetables are the most numerous, but the main species that cause harm are peach aphids, melon (cotton) aphids, bean aphids, radish aphids, and kale aphids. According to the division of host crops, in the cruciferous crops are mainly peach aphids, radish aphids and kale aphids; in melon crops, it is mainly melon (cotton) aphids; in legumes crops, it is mainly aphids; in solanaceous crops, it is mainly peach aphids. Aphids have a stinging mouthpiece and are found in the form of adults or nymphs on the front and back of the leaves, sometimes gathering on young stems, buds and flowers. Usually with the needle piercing the plant tissue to feed the sap, it is easy to cause plant growth malformations; the "honeydew" produced by its secretion often affects the photosynthesis of the leaves of the plant, inducing a variety of fungal diseases "coal pollution disease"; aphids are an important vector for the transmission of vegetable viruses, and their indirect harm is far greater than the loss of their own feeding.
5. Spotted fly
Spotted fly (liriomyza spp.) is a kind of important pest species that is harmful to vegetables and flowers and spreads rapidly worldwide, mainly with larvae moths eating mesophyll cells and petioles between the epidermis on the leaves of plants, resulting in irregular snake-shaped white worm channels, resulting in the destruction of leaf chlorophyll, affecting the photosynthesis and nutrient delivery of plants, causing plant weakness and slow growth, causing plants to die when seriously damaged, and some spotted fly species can also carry a variety of viruses.
Second, the comprehensive prevention and control of small pests of vegetables
For the comprehensive treatment of small vegetable pests, it is necessary to strictly follow the plant protection work policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", and comprehensively apply non-chemical control technical measures such as agricultural control, biological control, physical booby-trap, etc. In the selection of chemical agents, attention should be paid to high efficiency, safety, low residue, ensuring crop safety, agricultural product quality safety and environmental safety.
1. Take turns to reverse stubble
Crop rotation is the most simple, economical and effective measure to prevent, control and alleviate some vegetable pests that only eat one kind of vegetable pest, and it is also conducive to adjusting and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, coordinating the use of soil water and nutrients, and rationally arranging stubble, intercropping and cropping, which can reduce the planting area of the suitable host of the local main disaster insect.
2. Strengthen field management
For greenhouse vegetables, high temperature stuffy treatment can be carried out during the summer break period, which can effectively kill insect eggs and reduce the base of insect sources.
Cultivating insect-free seedlings can be sprayed with pesticides or burrows during colonization, which can effectively reduce the probability of pest occurrence.
Cover the vents and entrances of the shed with insect nets, preferably not less than 60 mesh.
Yellow and blue plates can be hung in the field for insect monitoring and booby-trapping, and the yellow plates can be purchased directly or made according to the soil method: the thinner fiberboard, plastic plates or yellow plastic barrels are cut into plates of the desired size, and then both sides are coated with orange-yellow pigments, and then coated with a layer of sticky shellac after drying, and the sticky shellac is made of organic oil and a little butter, which is hung above the vegetables for 10 to 15 cm, and 20 to 25 pieces per acre.
Homemade "Yellow Board"
It is also necessary to pay attention to creating conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of pests, such as sowing seeds at the right time, planting reasonably densely, applying fertilizer and irrigation reasonably, weeding and weeding in a timely manner, and timely laying the whole branch to eliminate some of the source of insects.
3. Prevention and control of natural enemies
Protected areas should pay attention to the protection and utilization of natural predators, and some natural enemies can be raised and released when conditions permit.
For example, whiteflies can be used with lice aphid wasps, and smoke blind bugs.
Thrips can be used with courgette blunt mite, pasteurized neo-small mite, And Chilean small plant mite.
Aphids can be used with aphid-eating mosquitoes, ladybirds, and aphid cocoon wasps.
Thrips can be used with The East Asian Small Flower Bug, the Courgberry Blunt Pigtail Mite, and the Pasteurized Neo-Small Pig Mite.
4. Pharmaceutical prevention and control
Natural enemy control can generally achieve better control results in the early stage of pest occurrence, and when the density of insect population is too large or in the early stage, chemical agents should be applied in time for control.
For example, whiteflies can use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times liquid, 50% thiamethoxamine water dispersible granules 9000 times liquid, or 10% enprime amine water agent 1000 ~ 2000 times liquid, or 24% spironoethyl ester suspension 1500 ~ 2000 times liquid spray control.
Pest mites can use 5% pyridoxine emulsion 2000 to 3000 times liquid, or 15% D.4 mite wettable powder 800 to 1000 times liquid, or 24% spironite ester suspension 5000 times liquid, or 43% biphenylhydrazine ester suspension 1000 times liquid for spray control.
Thrips can be controlled by spraying 10% polycycline suspension 3500 times liquid, or 5% avivine acetamidine microemulsion 4000 times liquid, or 6% ethyl polybactericide suspension 3000 times liquid.
Aphids can be controlled by 5000 times 20% acetamiprid soluble powder, or 10% aqueous agent of 1000 to 2000 times, or 10% cyanoproamide dispersible oil suspension 3000 to 4000 times liquid spray control.
Spotted flies can be controlled by spray spraying 1.8% avermectin emulsion 1500 to 2500 times liquid, or 20% fly killing amine wettable powder 1500 times liquid spray.
Pay attention to the rotation of the use of agents, when the pest damage is serious, you can control it by combining evening smoke with morning application, which can achieve better control results, but be sure not to carry out on the same day.
Author: Vegetable Guard