After the failure of the Guangzhou Uprising in October 1895, the 29-year-old Sun Yat-sen was wanted by the Qing government and began a 16-year exile abroad until his arrival in Shanghai on December 25, 1911. But during this period, Sun Yat-sen sneaked into the country three times. Is this true?
I. End of August 1900
On July 20, 1900, Sun Yat-sen and Miyazaki Yinzang left Hong Kong for Japan, because the Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao regions at that time were not under the jurisdiction of the Qing government, and planned to return to Taiwan, depending on the launch of the Huizhou Uprising, and then try to infiltrate the interior, personally command, and expand the scale of the uprising.
In August, the Eight-Power Alliance landed in Tianjin and occupied Beijing, and Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor fled west to Xi'an. The domestic political situation is chaotic. On the 22nd, Sun Yat-sen left Yokohama to prepare for an adventure to Shanghai, wanting to contact Rong Hong, president of the Self-Reliance Association, and others to declare independence from the six southern provinces of Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Guangxi, and then the provinces of the country responded, overthrowing the Qing government and establishing a republic.
Sun Yat-sen arrived in Shanghai on the 29th via Kobe and Nagasaki by "Kobe Maru", but the uprisings planned by the Zilihui in Hunan, Hubei, and Anhui failed. Tang Cai, director general of the Self-Reliance Association, was often arrested and killed. Yung Hong fled to Hong Kong. Sun Yat-sen met with fellow villager Liu Xuexun in Shanghai.
Born in 1855, Liu Xueyuan was a 24-year-old Zhongju, and 7 years later he was admitted to the Jinshi, and after encountering trouble on the official road of the candidate, he went to the sea to run a lottery, and soon became a huge rich man in Guangdong, and later became the staff of Li Hongzhang, who was the governor of Liangguang at the time.
Liu Xueyuan became a trader of "two-Guangzhou independence" for a while, and while persuading Li Hongzhang to participate in the "two-Guangzhou independence," he wrote a letter to Sun Yat-sen inviting him to Guangdong for consultation. Later, Sun sent people to meet with Liu in Guangzhou. After that, Li replied that he wanted to ensure the safety of Sun's life, and also asked Cixi to grant him a pardon. It is worth noting that after the talks, Liu Xueqian asked Li Hongzhang for instructions and handed over 30,000 yuan to Sun Yat-sen's representatives.
However, in July 1900, the Qing court appointed Li Hongzhang as the governor and minister of Beiyang, urging him to go north. After weighing up, Li Hongzhang went north to take up his post, and the "two Guangdong independence" plan failed. Liu Xueqian wanted to oppose the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, plotting "two Guangdong independence" only to regard Li Hongzhang as a pawn on his big chessboard against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, and the real purpose was to become emperor himself, which was really the opposite of the democratic republic advocated by Sun Yat-sen, but what they had in common was that they both wanted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty, so they temporarily formed an alliance politically.
Sun Yat-sen planned the "independence of the two Provinces" and at the same time, he also planned to launch an uprising in Huizhou. Sun Yat-sen this time asked Liu Xueyuan in Shanghai to provide a huge amount of much-needed funding for the Huizhou uprising, and promised to make Liu Xueyuan president or emperor after the success of the uprising. On September 1, Sun Yat-sen left Shanghai and returned to Japan, where he secretly purchased weapons and shipped them to Hong Kong. In late October, the Huizhou Uprising failed.
Regarding this trip to Shanghai, there is also a saying that Sun Yat-sen entrusted his Japanese friend Pingshan Zhou to send a letter to Liu Xuexun.
2. Early December 1907
In September 1907, Sun Yat-sen prepared to launch an uprising at Zhennanguan. Zhennan Pass is located between DaqingShan and Jinji Mountain (ancient known as Jinji Ling), which is one of the key points of communication between China and Vietnam, known as the "Southern Xinjiang Fortress" in ancient times, and the Pinger Pass and Shuikou Pass in the northwest are collectively known as "Southern Heaven Three Passes". The mountains near Guancheng overlap, the valleys are deep and forested, and the terrain is dangerous.
On December 2, league members Huang Mingtang and Guan Renfu led 80 township braves, carrying 42 fast guns, to sneak into Nanguan, Guangxi, and contacted the Qing army's internal response, successively occupying the three forts in zhennan, zhenzhong and north of the town at Right Auxiliary Mountain. On the 3rd, Sun Yat-sen personally led Huang Xing, Hu Hanmin, Chi Hengji, di shi, a retired French artillery captain, and Sun Chang, the eldest nephew who had been trained under Liang Qichao's men, from Hanoi, Vietnam, to Zhennanguan and boarded the fort. Sun Chang was encouraged by the whole army, and Huang Mingtang played music to welcome.
The next day, the patrol commander Lu Rongting led the Qing army to arrive and launch an attack. Sun Yat-sen personally supervised the battle, and the whole army was encouraged. Chen Pufen also went to the front line and has been fighting with the army and delivering meals, busy all day, never saying bitter. Sun Yat-sen climbed onto the fort, bandaged the wounded on the position, and personally fired artillery to bombard the enemy, hitting the enemy very accurately. Sun Yat-sen said with great emotion: "After more than twenty years of opposition to the Qing government, we must personally shell the ears of the Qing army on this day!" He also visited and publicized the places where Zhuang villagers lived near the fort.
Lu Rongting was born in You Yong, was the leader of the Three Points Society and a salt merchant, and was later appeased by the Qing Dynasty. On the afternoon of the same day, Lu sent a woman with a letter to the stage, expressing her willingness to lead more than 600 people to join Sun Yat-sen's command, and told the Qing army to come to the rescue. In order to resist the Qing army that was about to come to his aid, Sun Yat-sen decided to first return to Hanoi to raise funds and raise weapons, and ordered Huang Mingtang to hold out for 5 days, and once the weapons arrived, he advanced into Longzhou. That night, Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, and others went down the mountain to return to Vietnam.
This was the only time Sun Yat-sen directly participated in an armed uprising and personally fired a shot. Zhennanguan is located at the junction of China and Vietnam, and Sun Yat-sen also set foot on the territory of the motherland. On the 7th, the Qing army counterattacked, and the Zhennanguan uprising also ended in failure.
3. Late June 1910
In early April 1910, Sun Yat-sen learned of the news of his mother Yang's critical illness in Honolulu, and he was very guilty, and sent four letters in a row urging Sun Chang and his wife Tan to return to Hong Kong as soon as possible to see his mother for the last time.
On May 30, Sun Yat-sen departed from Honolulu for Japan and secretly arrived in Yokohama on June 10. Huang Xing, who was fleeing the Japanese police, ventured to meet Sun Yat-sen and escort him to his hotel. The two were reunited after a long absence, but rarely talked about personal matters, and the topic soon turned to the discussion of the revolutionary situation, and they exchanged views on various important issues.
Sun Yat-sen later moved to the Miyazaki in Tokyo to live with his comrades and conspired to revolt. After the Koishikawa District Police Station in Tokyo, Japan learned of Sun Yat-sen's arrival, it paid a special visit and ordered him to leave.
On June 25, Sun Yat-sen left Japan from Kobe in the "Anyi Maru" for Nanyang, passing through Shanghai. One night, Sun Yat-sen secretly arrived in Hangzhou by car, took a cruise ship at Yongjin Gate to leifeng Pagoda, came to Baiyun Temple, and called a meeting of the revolutionaries until late at night.
Baiyun Nunnery is located in Nanping Mountain, Hangzhou, known in the Song Dynasty as "Cuifang Garden", Ming as "Baiyun Nunnery", more "Ci Name" in the early Qing Dynasty, Qianlong inscription as "Yi Garden", Xianfeng Nian was burned, Guangxu rebuilt. Baiyun'an was one of the secret meeting places of zhejiang revolutionaries, and Baiyun'an presided over the Deshan monks and their disciples, and under the influence of the revolutionaries, participated in revolutionary organizations.
Baiyun'an has become a base for revolutionaries mainly engaged in the Guangfuhui. Xu Xilin had lived in this nunnery for many days before he went to Anqing, during which time he had asked Qiu Jin, Ma Zonghan, Chen Boping, Lü Gongwang and others to come to Baiyun Nunnery and secretly discuss Anhui and Zhejiang to launch uprisings at the same time. Chen Yingshi, Huang Gao, and Dai Jitao also visited Baiyun Nunnery many times. Cai Yuanpei, Zhang Taiyan, Chu Fucheng, Wang Jinfa, and other revolutionaries who have come to this place to secretly discuss major revolutionary events are among others.
Although Sun Yat-sen's hasty visit to Hangzhou is not clearly recorded in the "Long Compilation of Sun Yat-sen's Annals", it is recorded in some related texts of Baiyun'an and in the memoirs of some people.
In early July, when Sun Yat-sen was passing through Hong Kong, the British government in Hong Kong refused to let Sun Yat-sen go ashore, so he had to ask someone to carry his 83-year-old mother, Yang Shi, to the boat to meet him. Since ancient times, loyalty and filial piety have been difficult to complete, and Sun Yat-sen tearfully said goodbye to his mother. On 19 July, after arriving in Penang, Sun Yat-sen learned that his mother, Yeung, had died of illness in Kowloon, Hong Kong, on the same day.
Sun Yat-sen moved his Nanyang branch to Penang, Malaysia, and began planning a new uprising. (Pay attention to the WeChat public account: njhfhhh, feel the history during the trip)