The value of spruce trees and the types of pests and diseases and pest control measures
1 The value of spruce and the types of pests and diseases
1.1 The value of spruce
Spruce is an evergreen tree, the tree posture is relatively dignified and resistant to dust and smoke, so its value can be reflected in many aspects. Spruce is more used in the community and in the field of garden and highway greening, and is often used as a Christmas tree decoration mall. Spruce trees are relatively tall and can play their role in conserving water sources, and can also play an active role in creating timber forests and shelter forests. And its material is uniform and the texture is straight, the processing is also relatively convenient, its resonance performance is better, the use of spruce to make musical instruments is also more suitable, common is to use spruce as a guitar panel. Spruce is also a good raw material for papermaking, as well as the extraction of aromatic oils from spruce for use. So in general, the economic value and use of spruce is relatively good.
1.2 Types of spruce pests and diseases
In the process of planting spruce, the status quo of diseases and insect pests will inevitably occur, and the types of pests and diseases are also diverse, among which the eight-toothed beetle is a common pest, the eggs appear milky white, forming an oval shape, and the body shape of the larvae after hatching is curved, and the color of the adult insects is black, and the length is four or five millimeters. Eight-toothed beetle infestation is more common in spruce, usually at the bottom of the trunk and under the dead leaves, it is difficult to accurately grasp the life habits of the eight-toothed beetle, and the sting begins in late May every year, and the parasite will drill a feathering hole in one or two months. The main harm of this insect pest to spruce is that the adult larvae nibble on the soft part of the bark of Yunshan, and will also eat a large number of trees before mating, which directly causes damage to the spruce trees, making the leaves become relatively yellow, which will seriously cause direct death. Spruce cones infestations are relatively harmful to spruce, and it is also very difficult in the specific control process. This is a pest based on drilling, spruce shoot borer is a relatively harmful insect pest to the spruce tip, these insect pests in the spruce treetops and conifers in the winter, after the activity of some larvae will be on the young fruit to plant scales, so it will inevitably have a great harm to the growth and development of spruce.
2 Pest control measures for spruce
2.1 Effective control of eight-toothed beetle infestation
For the pest control of the eight-toothed beetle, it is necessary to strengthen the attention to the control of spruce diseases and insect pests in the daily maintenance of spruce, and adopt different means for this pest control through different links. If eight-toothed beetles are found in tree species, they should be prevented and controlled in time to avoid the expansion of losses. Combined with the growth habits of the eight-toothed beetle, the method of releasing natural enemies can be used to effectively curb growth and reproduction. Good control effects can be achieved through the use of hermit wasps and crustaceans that are preyed upon by mites. Or through the application of chemical control measures, it can also play an effective role in the prevention and control of eight-toothed beetles. In the specific operation, the eight-toothed beetle is mainly sprayed on the concentrated occurrence area during the growth and infancy, and the degree of disease and pest insecure is scientifically determined by 80% of the content of dichlorvos emulsion and 40% of the oxidized fruit, combined with the spraying cycle. Or the use of poisonous ring insecticidal treatment method application, after chemical soaking in the grass bag, wrapped around the spruce trunk can play a good control effect. Or through the application of the method of inducing wood prevention and control, it can also play a good control effect, when the eight-toothed beetle is in the spawning period, through the spruce live standing wood as the main material, made into about two meters of wood, placed in the area prone to infection, so that it can be applied, the spawning live standing wood is burned, or sprayed with drugs. When specifically controlling the eight-toothed small beetle infestation, it is necessary to select it according to the actual situation.
2.2 Effective control of cones and fruit infestations
The control of spruce cones should pay attention to the scientific method, in the specific implementation of control measures, can be used to use the water agent diluted by the wettable powder of Bacillus thuringiensis spray during the breeding period. Or through the effective control of natural enemies of coccidiosis, the use of fine yarn nets to collect feathered hermit bees in spruce cones, put them in the mother forest, and investigate the density of pests and the rate of natural enemy hermitage, so that it can play a good control effect [4]. In the implementation of the control of this pest, full attention should be paid to the consideration of weather factors, and when the prevention and control is carried out, the drugs should be sprayed when the cones are not closed. Some spruce cones live in the heart of the cones for winter, the following year feathering from the cones, some need two or three years of feathering, which can be preserved by threshing spruce cones, the third spring using a gauze in the green forest, and then collect feathered insects to kill insect pests.
2.3 Strengthen the prevention and control of seedling blight
For spruce blight, in the prevention and control methods should pay attention to the process, in the management process of the garden pay attention to quality control. During the nursery period, we should pay more attention to the selection of nursery land, prepare the land to meet the standards, and do a good job in disinfecting the soil. Dixone or Pentachloronitrobenzenesen zinc blend is applied to seeding management. In the management of the seedling stage, the onset of the disease is sprinkled with dixone on a sunny day. These methods can effectively prevent and control blight.
