Wang Yue: "Oh! My friend Tsukasa Jun, Situ, Si Deng, SiKong, Ya Brigade, Shi Clan, Centurion Chief, and Yong, Shu, Qiang, Qi, Wei, Lu, Peng, Pu people. Call Ergo, BillGan, Lil Spear, and swear an oath to him." --Zhou Shu Pastoral Oath
In 1046 BC, Ji Fa, the king of Zhou Wu, launched a war against the Shang Dynasty in Makino, known in history as the Battle of Makino, and the decisive victory was achieved on the same day.
"King Wu Zhengshang, Wei Jia Zi Dynasty, Shi Ding, Ke Shu You Shang, Xin Wei, Wang Zai Shi, Gave Li Jin, used as a Tang Gong Bao Zun Yi" - Li Gui inscription
You see, the battle ended in one day. After the Shang King's army was lost in Makino, Chaoge was exposed to the allied forces, Di Xin (纣) set himself on fire, and the Zhou tribal alliance occupied Chaoge, declaring the end of Yin Shang's Mandate of Heaven.
This is the story of King Wu. At this time, Zhou was still only a state in the western part of the Shang Dynasty, and the Zhou people at that time called themselves the small state of Zhou, calling the suzerainty Dayi Shang, and their military strength was far inferior to that of Yin Shang.
Why didn't emperor Xin (纣) Muye of the Shang Dynasty choose to commit suicide after his defeat and not return to Yindu to reorganize his army and fight again? You must know that after the Battle of Naruto, Xia Jie knew that he had fled to the southeast, so why did the King of Sui set himself on fire without being able to resist the first battle?
The Battle of Makino destroyed only the improvised army of the King of Yin, and the armies and local forces of the nobles of Yin Shang's homeland were not damaged. (The real war to exterminate the Shang was the Wu Geng Rebellion, which took the Duke of Zhou three years to quell.) ）
Chaoge was only the "escort capital" of the late Shang Dynasty, and the real capital of the country was still Yindi Anyang.
It is very likely that the Shang King cannot go back. The rebellious nobles within Yin Shang had taken control of the capital Anyang and cut off his way to the east.
Before King Wu Keshang, there was already great turmoil within the Shang Dynasty:
The prince is more than a relative, and also a relative of The Prince. Seeing that Mizi did not listen and became a slave, he said: "If a king has had a life and does not fight with death, then the people will be ashamed!" "It's a blunt talk. "I have heard that there are seven tricks in the heart of a saint, and there are all kinds of faith?" "Nai killed the prince Bigan and looked at his heart.
Bikan was the uncle of king Huan, and Miko was also a royal nobleman.
In the late Yin Shang period, the contradiction between the Shang king and the nobles with the surname of the subordinate began to stand out, mainly because the Shang king began to strengthen his own authority, and at the same time lowered the sacrifice specifications of the collateral kings, which was difficult for the collateral merchants who attached importance to the ghost gods.
After Wu Ding, the collateral lineage within the fifth dynasty also enjoyed human sacrifices. However, in the words of Emperor Yi and Emperor Xinbu, in addition to Shangjia, only Da Yi, Zu Yi, Zu Ding, Wu Ding, Zu Geng, Kang Ding, Wen Ding, and Wu Yi were only seen. ——Qian Hang, "Research on the Patriarchal Legal System of the Zhou Dynasty" In the Bu Ci of the Wen Ding and Di Yi periods, the Tang Sacrifice Bu Ci has its fixed format. The official worship objects of this period were limited to the five direct ancestors of Wuding, Zujia, Kangding, Wuyi, and Wending. ——Chao Fulin, "Pre-Qin Social Form"
Under such circumstances, a large number of high-ranking nobles within the Yin merchants appeared.
For example, in "Qinghua Jane", there is an article called "Qi Ye", which tells the grand situation of the Zhou people holding a celebration feast after the Fall of Li, and the opening chapter of "Qi Ye" says:
In the eighth year of the Reign of Wu, he conquered the Qi Dynasty, and the Great Battle, and also drank from the Wen Tai Room. Bi Gonggao was a guest, summoned Gong Baoyi as a jie, Zhou Gong Shudan as the main guest, Xin Gongjia as a guest, Zuo Ceyi as a guest of the East Hall, and Lü Shang's father ordered Si Zheng to supervise drinking.
Several people appeared at this banquet, all of whom were well-known people at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, including Bi Gonggao, Zhao Gongyi, Zhou Gongdan, Xin Gongjia, Zuo Ceyi, and Lü Shang. These people should be people who have performed in the war against Lebanon.
Where is the Kingdom of Lai? In Licheng County, Shanxi Province, across the Taihang Mountains from the Yin capital Anyang. Taking down the Li Kingdom can be said to be a flying dragon riding face.
In this group of people, a figure unknown to most people appeared- Xin Jia. Who is this person?
In the "Chronicle of History", you can probably only find this deed of Xin Jia:
King Wen of Xi Bo, who obeyed the work of Hou Ji and Gong Liu, then the law of the ancient gong and gong ji, the benevolence, respect for the elderly, and the kindness of the young. The sages do not have time to eat during the day to wait for the soldiers, and the soldiers return to them. Bo Yi and Shu Qi are in lonely bamboo, smelling Xi Boshan's pension, and returning to it. The disciples of Tai Qian, Hong Yao, San Yisheng, Mane, and Xin Jia Dafu all returned to them.
We only know that this is a person who joined the Western Zhou camp during the reign of King Wen. In the Book of Han and Yiwenzhi, another record appears:
Twenty-nine chapters of The Xin Jia. Seventy-five counselors, Zhou Fengzhi.
Xin Jia was a high-ranking minister of king Huan, who was able to advise him repeatedly, and after being hit politically, he defected to Zhou.
After the destruction of the Shang, Xin Jia also participated in the Zhou Gongdan Eastern Expedition to shang xiang war, and even the formulator of the main strategy of the Zhou Gongdong Crusade:
Zhou Gongdan had already defeated Yin and would attack Shanggai. Xin Gongjia said: "It is difficult to attack, and it is easy to serve." It is better to serve the small and rob the big. "It is to attack the Nine Yi and build the service." "Han Feizi Says On the Forest"
Xin Jia's strategy for the Duke of Zhou to unite the small states of Dongyi and attack the great powers of Dongyi actually broke the last resistance of the Shang Dynasty.
"Zhou Gongdong Crusade" Ding (now in the Collection of the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, USA)
It can be seen that this Xin Jia, who probably existed as a mastermind in western Zhou, was very scheming himself, and was also a high-ranking official of the Shang Dynasty, such a person joined The Zhou, attacked Li for the Zhou plot, and even made a great contribution in the war to destroy the Shang.
In addition to Xin Jia, there were two other people, and their role in the zhou war was also quite interesting:
In the past, the general Xingye of the Zhou Dynasty, there were two scholars, in the lone bamboo, known as Boyi and Shuqi. The two of them said to each other: "I have heard that there are partial bo yan in the West, and it seems that there will be a Taoist, and now I am in charge of this?" "The second son traveled westward like Zhou, and as for Qiyang, King Wen was killed. When king Wu ascended the throne, Guan Zhou De, the king made Shu Dan glued to the second four inners, and allied with him: "If you add three grades of wealth, you will be ranked as an official." For the three books, the same words, the blood for the animal, buried in one in four, all returned to one. He also made Bao Zhao Gong open up under the common head, and allied with him: "The world is the eldest marquis, keeping Yin Changqi, serving Sanglin, and it is advisable to privately mengzhu." "For the three books, the same words, the blood of the animals, buried under the common head, all returned to one."
When the famous Boyi and Shuqi ran around the Zhou Dynasty, King Wen was dead and King Wu took the throne. The two Lone Bamboo Princes came to the territory of the Zhou Kingdom and encountered two oaths of alliance.
The first was the oath of alliance between Zhou Gongdan and Jiao Gong, a close minister of the King of Sui, in which the Zhou people promised to "increase the wealth of the third class and be an official", which means to ensure the wealth and status of the rubber mane among the bureaucrats; the second oath was taken between Wei Zi Qi and Zhao Gong, and the content of the alliance oath was even more vigorous: "The world is the long marquis, guarding yin and chang qi, serving Sanglin, and it is advisable to privately mengzhu." ”
That is to say, zhao gong ensured that WeiZi Qi was the head of the princes, led the sacrifices of the Yin Shang clan, occupied the religious sacred place of Yin Shang, "Sanglin", and divided the land of Meng Zhu as its private land.
Note that at this time, the King of Wu did not have a merchant yet! Jiao Mane and Wei Zi Qi were one high-ranking Yin Shang official, the other was a high-ranking Yin Shang nobleman, and the two of them signed such an alliance oath with the Zhou people, which was carried out when the Shang Dynasty still existed.
So who is Micron Qi?
The "History of the Song Weizi Family" begins by saying: Weizi Kai, the first son of Emperor Yin Yi and the brother of Emperor Yi.
Weizi Kai is Weizi Kai, and Tai Shi Gong wrote Wei Zi Kai in order to avoid the Han Jing Emperor Liu Qi's secrets. It is very clear here that Wei Ziqi was the eldest son of Emperor Yi of Shang and the brother of Emperor Xin of Shang. The reason why he did not become the King of Shang was because he was the son of Shu Chu and did not receive the right to inherit.
Lineage of the Shang kings
Although Wei Ziqi did not have the right to inherit, he was still the most senior nobleman in the Shang Dynasty and obtained the fief of "Wei".
Let's move on:
He is standing, unclear, fornicated in politics, and does not listen to the number of children. and Zui destroyed the kingdom with the cultivation of Zhou Xi Bochang, fearing the calamity to the point of retribution. "Did I have a destiny in heaven?" What can be done! So the little boy was unable to be advised, and wanted to die, and when he went, he failed to self-determination, but asked The Taishi and the Young Master, "Yin does not rule the government, and does not rule the four sides." My ancestors were on top of the road, Yin was a small and good grass thief, and the secretary was a master, and all of them were guilty, but they had no gain, and the small people were both prosperous and prosperous, and they were enemies of each other. Mourning now! If you wading through the water, there is no end. Yin Sui mourned, and the more he reached the present. "Master Tai, Master Shao, where do I go?" My family is in mourning? This woman told her for no reason, and she was upset, as it was? Taishi Ruo said, "Prince, when the heavens descend to the yin kingdom, there is no fear, and there is no need for an elder." The present Yin people are the worship of the ugly gods. Now the country is honestly governed, and the country is not hated. For the sake of death, there is no cure in the end, it is better to go. "Died.
A whole paragraph is used here to write that Wei Ziqi's advice was invalid and he was preparing to flee the Shang capital, and before fleeing, he asked the Taishi and Shaoshi of the Dynasty for advice, and the Taishi and Shaoshi here were also senior officials of the Shang Dynasty, and Wei Ziqi consulted these two officials before fleeing, indicating that the matter of "escape" was not uncommon within the Shang Dynasty.
After receiving encouragement from the Taishi and Shaoshi, Wei Ziqi ran away. After Wei Ziqi fled from Yin Capital, at least in Guanzhong Zhou, he made an alliance oath.
So after leaving zhou, where did The Neutrino Qi go? The Chronicle of History leaves us with new clues:
"Father and son have flesh and bones, and subjects belong to righteousness." Therefore, if the Father has done so, and the Son does not listen to the three precepts, he will follow them; if the three precepts of the man and the subject do not listen, his righteousness may go to the end. So the Master and the Young Master advised the son to go and go along. King Wu of Zhou wu was made in the military gate with his sacrificial vessel, tied with flesh, led by sheep on the left, and Mao on the right, and went forward on his knees to warn. So king Wu was relieved of his son and restored his position as before.
The first paragraph is that Wei Ziqi leaves the Shang capital, and Sima Qian jumps directly to the second paragraph, after king Keshang of Wu, at this time the king of Lu is dead. After packing up the ceremonial vessels of the Shang Dynasty, Wei Ziqi went to the military gate to surrender to the King of Wu.
What does this mean?
It shows that at the time of king Wu's cutting, Wei Ziqi was not in the fiefdom of Wei, nor in Zhou, but had already returned to Yin capital, prepared in advance, and after the defeat of the Shang army, he took the ceremonial instrument symbolizing the power of state sacrifice and surrendered to the victorious King Wu of Zhou as the head of the Yin Shang nobles.
Seeing this, we can probably guess what the covenant between Wei Zi Qi and Zhao Gong is. It was to return to the Shang and organize the nobles within the Shang Dynasty to surrender to Zhou.
Who is the rubber bristle?
Zhou you have a jade version, and order the glue to be sorcered, but the King of Wen does not; Fei Zhong comes to ask for it, because he gives it. It is Jiao YuXian and Fei Zhongwu Daoye. "Han Feizi Yu Lao"
Fei Zhong was a close subordinate of the King of Shang, so it can be seen that Jiao Mane was also a close vassal of the King of Shang.
Mencius: Shunfa is in the middle of the mu, Fu said to be held between the plates, and the rubber mane is held in the fish salt
The gum mane is held in the fish salt, and the rubber mane should come from the eastern coast, possibly from Dongyi.
Look at the record behind:
King Wu went to Kunshui, Yin made Jiaojiao wait for Zhou Shi, and King Wu saw it. Jiao: "What will Siber do?" Fool me! King Wu said, "Don't deceive, but yin ye." Jiao: "Yu to?" King Wu said, "I will go to YinJiao with a nail, and I will repay you with a son!" "Glue bristle line. It rained, day and night, and the King of Wu did not stop. The military masters all advised: "If you are sick, please take a break." King Wu said, "I have ordered the rubber mane to repay its master with the date of the nails, and now the nails will not arrive, which is to make the rubber manes not believe." If the glue mane does not believe, its Lord will kill him. I hurry to save the death of the rubber bristles also. "Wu Wang Guo went to the outskirts of Yin with a nail, and Yin had already chen yi first. To Yin, because of the war, the big kezhi. "Lü Shi Chunqiu Guiyin"
On the way to the King of Wu, the rubber mane came early to ask for a meeting, and the King of Wu directly told him that I was going to cut the silk, and the day of the first son arrived. After the rubber mane left, it rained heavily, and in order not to delay the date of the koshi day that the rubber mane said, the king of Wu traveled lightly. After Koshi-day arrived at Makino, he fought a battle.
In this record, you can use two readings to read, the first reading, the rubber mane was sent by the King of Shang, the King of Wu told him his military secrets, the Glue Mane went back to his life, after the King of Wu encountered rain, because of his benevolent heart, afraid that the Jiao Mane would be killed because of the deception, so he accelerated the march.
What about the second?
That is, the "lord" of the rubber bristle is not the King of Shang, but the nobles of the Yin Merchants, and here the Jiaohai is the messenger of the Yin Merchants and the Western Zhou, connecting the news and agreeing on the time to start a war and jointly eliminate the King of Yin.
Which explanation do you think is closer to "reason"? If we consider the plot of the rubber bristle on the zhou and zhou ren secret passage songs, is the second explanation more reasonable here?
Such a close vassal of the King of Sui, like Wei Ziqi, has already taken over with the Zhou Dynasty, and the Zhou Dynasty has promised a high-ranking official Houlu, is this intriguing?
There is another person, shangrong:
Shang Rong was also a high-ranking nobleman of the Shang Dynasty, who directly escaped from Yin Capital and established a base area in the Taihang Mountains to prepare for military logging.
Shang Rong tasted Yu Yu and Feng Yu as a disciple, and if he wanted to cut down the silk but could not, he went away and bowed down to Taixing. "The Tale of Han Poetry"
All this shows that the shang dynasty's high-ranking nobles, officials and the king of Shang dynasty have become in a state of flux, and they need to get rid of this monarch who violates their interests.
With the needle thread of Wei Ziqi, the connection between Zhou and the merchant nobles was established. Seeing this, we also understand. Why did the army of the King of Shangyi collapse in an instant when the engagement was superior in numbers and waiting for work, and then turn against themselves—they were already ready to surrender, and their enemy was not the Zhou people, but the King of Shangyi on the Chaoge Lutai Platform.
In summary, in the last years of the Shang Dynasty, before the Wu King cut the silk, the nobles and courtiers of the Shang Dynasty had already worn a pair of pants with the Western Zhou, Xin Jia joined the Zhou Dynasty as a high-level think tank, Jiao Mane and Wei Zi Qi lurked in the dynasty at any time anyway, Shang Rong Taixing trained troops to prepare for support, they all betrayed the Shang King.
It can be said that the matter of cutting down the Shang Dynasty is not so much a war between the Shang and Zhou clans, but rather a war in which the Zhou people and the nobles of the Shang Dynasty destroyed the King of Shang.
As for the King of Sui at this time, the Manchu Dynasty was all anti-thieves, no soldiers, no generals, but just meat on the board. This is the reason why after the defeat of the Battle of Makino, the main force of the Ming Dynasty Merchants was not destroyed, and the desperate King of Shang could only set himself on fire on Lutai.
The so-called cutting of the silk, but the nobles of the Shang Dynasty contacted the foreign thugs to get rid of the king, and they planned to run, dance, and continue to cut people and livestock after getting rid of the king. But what I didn't expect was that Western Zhou was so capable of fighting, of course, this is another story.
What is even more interesting is that after the destruction of the Shang, King Wu of Zhou rearranged the political order
Feng Shang Zi Lu Father Yin's remnant people.
King Wu let Prince Lu's father (Wu Geng) inherit the yin shang remnants, and what about the Yin shang sheji that was originally promised to weizi? Didn't give.
So did King Wu of Zhou break his promise?
When summoning gong and weizi to take the oath of alliance, we noticed that if the content of the alliance oath of the two sides was only "cutting", then, in the order of succession at the end of the Yin Shang, the inheritance right of Prince Lu's father was to precede that of Wei Zi Qi, and the fact that Wei Zi Qi obtained the Yin Shang Sheji was not justified.
Since this is the case, then the content of the oath of alliance between the two sides can only include the removal of Prince Lu's father. That is to say, the elimination of the lineage of princes, including Prince Lu's father, was the original plan of the upper echelons of the Zhou Dynasty, regardless of whether this plan was completed at the first cutting or at some time after the cutting. Ultimately, the plan was to eliminate Father Lu and have Wei Zi Qi gain the Title of Chief of the Yin Shang Nobles.
Speaking of this, is it to sigh: "It's so dark!"