Zhang Di
In late autumn, In Gantang Village, Heye Town, Guiyang County, the mountains are verdant and green, and a ridge of tea trees is lush and meandering.
"From the beginning of the spring to the present, I deal with tea every day." After processing the last batch of autumn tea, the factory that has been bustling for more than half a year will return to tranquility. In their leisure time, tea farmers gather together to drink tea and plan this year's harvest: picking tea, making tea, and increasing income by tens of thousands of yuan a year is not a problem.
It is no accident that a small piece of tea changes the fate of a village.
Once upon a time, as one of the traditional agriculture, tea farmers were "relying on the sky to eat and watch the sky make tea". The weather not only determines the growth of tea plants, but also affects the production of tea leaves. Can it reduce the losses caused by meteorological disasters to tea gardens, improve the management level of the tea industry, and improve the quality and efficiency of tea products?
In Gantang Village, we got a positive answer!
Jinxian Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. tea garden base
"With the sinking of science and technology and the sinking of talents as the starting point, we will improve the quality of Hunan black tea, consolidate the results of poverty alleviation, and help rural revitalization." Zhang Shuguang, director of the Tea Research Institute of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Provincial Tea Institute) and chief expert of Hunan Black Tea, said that in recent years, the development momentum of Hunan black tea is particularly strong, and the 14 cities and prefectures in the province and nearly 50 counties are focusing on promoting the development of the Hunan black tea industry, but there is still a long way to go in the future, improve the scale and efficiency of the tea industry, and let farmers' tea be sold at a affordable price, which is the original intention of the provincial tea institute's scientific and technological team.
Introduce scientific and technological "living water" to nourish the enrichment industry
Climb up the 500-meter slope of Gantang Village and look down, on the one hand, there are layers of "green waves tumbling", and on the other hand, "black pythons" occupy the mountainside.
"Don't underestimate these black cloth strips, this is a grass-proof cloth, instead of the past manual weeding, greatly saving the cost of tea garden pipe cultivation." Dr. Yin Xia, a scientific researcher at the Provincial Tea Institute, introduced that for the tea gardens that have been mined, the anti-grass cloth is spread between the tea plants, and for the newly opened tea gardens, a hole will be dug in the laid anti-grass cloth to plant tea seedlings, which can not only improve the soil temperature and moisture of the tea garden, promote the growth of tea plants, but also eliminate the drawbacks of time-consuming and labor-consuming manual weeding in the past.
Anti-grass cloth on the newly laid tea garden By Li Jian
In Gantang Village, from tea leaves to tea cups, the sweat and wisdom of the scientific researchers of the provincial tea institute are condensed.
In the past, fertilization was randomly thrown, which caused waste on the one hand, polluted the environment on the other hand, and also led to the extremely unstable quality of the tea produced. The precise calculation and precise preparation of scientific researchers just solve this problem; When various types of chemical pesticides exert their own magic to increase tea production, "safety on the tip of the tongue" is also undergoing severe tests, through the promotion of yellow plates, insecticidal lamps, will make tea drinks truly become "green" drinks; Hunan black tea's "nectar fragrance, sweet and umami taste" is not only nature's "thick love" but also an artificial masterpiece, through the promotion of compound withering, variable temperature fermentation, high temperature short-term initial baking, low temperature multiple re-drying, etc., and finally realize the unique quality characteristics of Hunan black tea...
Yellow board insect repellent, green ecology Photo by Li Jian
Thanks to the "blessing" of scientific research workers, Gantang Village has composed the era article of "one leaf to get rich".
If you turn the clock back in history to 10 years ago, Gantang Village at that time was still a well-known coal-producing village. Mining coal has brought great wealth to the villagers, but the ecological damage is also relatively serious. With the closure of coal mines one after another, Gantang Village has lost its industrial pillar, young people have to go out to work, and the "scenery" of the village is no longer there.
Professor Xu Zhongxi of Hunan Agricultural University was invited to investigate and found that the temperature difference between day and night and the soil are rich in nutrients, which is very suitable for planting tea plants. In 2012, Jinxian Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., founded by villager Jiang Mingle, came into being, committed to creating an "ecological tea garden". After being supported by the Provincial Tea Institute, the name of "Golden Immortal Tianzun" became more and more loud, and won a number of honors, and the average selling price of black tea products reached 800 yuan / jin.
Villagers pick tea, make tea, and realize employment at the doorstep of Their homes Li Jianzhao
The industry is prosperous and the villagers are rich. Relying on the tea planting base, more than 100 rural laborers have been employed nearby, of which more than 30 are permanent employees, and more villagers have achieved employment at the doorstep of their homes.
Not to live up to the historical "love", science and technology to help "red" out of the circle
"Hunan Black Tea" seems to be a "contradictory" brand because she is thick and young.
From history, Hunan black tea was founded in 1854, because of its "fragrant and thick taste", since the Tongzhi years, it has been passed down from generation to generation and listed as a tribute. In 1915, Hunan black tea won the gold medal of the Panama International Exposition and became one of the representatives of the world's top black tea. Then, Hunan black tea industry began to decline, in the 80s of the last century, China's tea began to market-oriented operations, import and export trade situation also changed immediately, Hunan black tea gradually declined.
Until the beginning of 2018, after the provincial party committee and the provincial government made the decision and deployment of "focusing on promoting the integration of black tea resources and building a public brand of hunan black tea", specific support policies and measures were introduced, the guiding ideology of "government guidance, market operation, enterprise main body, and industry cooperation" was clarified, and the comprehensive output value target of 30 billion yuan of black tea was formulated.
Hunan Province has proposed the strategy of building a public brand of Hunan black tea for only three years, what kind of black tea can be called "Hunan black tea", and what kind of tea does the scope of Hunan black tea cover? Is it true that all black tea produced in Hunan can be called Hunan black tea, and the core of these problems is: what is the standard of Hunan black tea?
Hunan black tea has strict production standards Li Jian photographed
The formulation of standards has become a very important and urgent task, and this heavy responsibility has undoubtedly once again fallen on the shoulders of the provincial tea house.
Since March 2018, the team of the Tea Research Institute of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, led by Zhang Shuguang, has begun to explore the quality of black tea in Hunan Province, and received 189 tea samples from black tea production and processing enterprises in Hunan Province and 41 tea samples from major black tea representative enterprises outside the province.
The work of the scientific research team is to find commonalities from more than 230 black tea product comparisons, extract the quality characteristics of Hunan black tea, and after a large number of evaluation, classification, production, inspection and verification, Zhang Shuguang's team originally proposed the quality characteristics of Hunan black tea with "nectar fragrance and sweet and umami taste".
Modern black tea production line Photo by Li Jian
Since then, Zhang Shuguang led the team to jointly formulate 8 group standards and 1 technical regulation for the construction and promotion of Hunan black tea standard system. These standards and specifications include cultivation standards, processing standards, product standards, and management standards.
The formulation and implementation of industry standards has given Hunan black tea a process parameter and product quality requirements, and only Hunan black tea enterprises that produce quality characteristics of "nectar fragrance and sweet and umami taste" have the right to use the public brand trademark of "Hunan black tea". At present, the number of "Hunan Black Tea" public brand member enterprises in the province has reached 82.
In addition, the Provincial Tea Institute took the lead in organizing the screening of suitable black tea tree varieties, innovating black tea processing technology, and actively cooperating with the Hunan Black Tea Industry Development Promotion Association to organize and carry out a series of "Hunan Black Tea" exhibition and brand promotion activities by using various tea brand festival platforms at home and abroad, inside and outside the province, and "Hunan Black Tea" showed a strong momentum of development.
"Write the paper on the land of Sanxiang and apply the scientific research results to the front line of production."
The scientific research team of the Provincial Tea Institute sent the technology to the countryside to be photographed by Li Jian
From the Dongkou Tea Shop Tea Farm under the majestic Xuefeng Mountain, to the Tianpeng Organic Ecological Park on the mountainside of Xinhua Tianzi, to the Bafeng Mountain Tea Garden in Longchihe Village under the Huju Mountain, all of them have left the crystallization of the sweat and wisdom of the scientific researchers of the Provincial Tea Institute.
The provincial tea institute gives full play to its scientific research advantages and makes the rural bottleneck and the "think tank" perfectly docked. Over the past few years, led by Zhang Shuguang, Led by Science and Technology Commissioners Yin Xia, Huang Jing, Wu Wenliang and young scientific and technological personnel from cultivation, breeding, processing and other aspects, to provide technical guidance for shaoyang black tea, Xinhua black tea, Jianghua bitter tea, Taoyuan black tea, Yizhang Mangshan black tea and other regional brands, and has held various tea technology training courses 42 times, with a total of more than 2,000 people training and more than 5,000 copies of technical information.
At present, there are 4 cities in Changde, Shaoyang, Loudi and Zhuzhou in the province, and 18 counties and municipalities such as Taoyuan, Shimen, Xinhua and Jianghua mainly produce black tea; 70% of the more than 1,000 tea enterprises in the province have black tea production and processing, 4 of the 5 state-level leading enterprises are "Hunan black tea" licensing enterprises, and 37 of the 71 provincial-level leading enterprises are "Hunan black tea" licensing enterprises; There are 286 enterprises in the province that produce and sell black tea of more than 3 million yuan, and 29 enterprises that process and sell black tea of more than 20 million yuan.
"Hunan black tea has a foundation, advantages, characteristics, scale, potential, and now there is a unified public brand and its quality standard system, I believe that with the help of the provincial tea institute's scientific and technological support and service, Hunan black tea can be expected in the future!" Wu Chongyue, president of the Hunan Black Tea Industry Development Promotion Association, said firmly.
[Editor-in-Charge: Listen to The Week]
[Source: New Hunan Client]