Peanuts are widely used, not only can be eaten raw, fried, fried to eat and can be squeezed oil, is a crop that we are very familiar with and like, but peanut planting is common, if you want to grow peanuts with high yield and good quality, you must master the following correct and wrong management measures.
The suitable peanut growth temperature is 25 ~34 °C, higher than 35 °C, which has an inhibitory effect on peanut growth, and cannot grow below 15 °C. Peanuts are more drought-tolerant, although there is less water at the seedling stage, but when germinating and emerging, the soil is moist to produce normal germination. Adequate soil moisture is also required during the needle stage of flowering. Peanuts should have enough light, light intensity is not enough, easy to lead to early flowering, insufficient plant growth, so that the plant is easy to grow and affect the yield is low. With sufficient light, the plant grows strongly, has more fruit, and has a high satiety rate.
<h1>First, several wrong methods to cause peanut production reduction</h1>
(1) Peanut stubble: (1) Continuous planting of peanuts in the same plot will make some nutrients missing, so that peanuts cannot develop normally and affect yield.
<h1>(2) There is no time to sow:</h1>
(1) The suitable peanut growth temperature is 25 ~ 34 °C, higher than 35 °C, which has an inhibitory effect on peanut growth, and cannot grow below 15 °C. Spring peanut sowing too early, the temperature is too low, or the autumn peanut sowing peanut sowing too early temperature is too high, will affect the growth and affect the yield.
(3) Apply organic fertilizer without decomposition:
(1) Cause soil diseases: The feces of uncorried animals contain a large number of pathogenic bacteria, many parasites and nematodes. It can also attract pests such as gray ground fly (egg-laying) purple jumper. When such manure enters the soil, it will continue to harm crops, resulting in reduced yields.
<h1>Organic fertilizer preparation method:</h1>
(1) Place a few large tanks in the ground, put the cake fertilizer or human feces into the tank, add water to make, and when you see white foam foam for a period of time, you can use it. (2) Use 100 kg of chicken manure, mix in 2000 kg of fertilizer and miscellaneous fertilizer, and then add water to mix into hard mud, and can be used after 15 to 16 days. (3) Use chopped straw and corn stalks to spread chicken manure on the ground, and when the chicken manure does not leak to the corn stalk, put a layer of corn stalk (20 cm thick) on it, and then sprinkle chicken manure, so repeat 3 to 4 times, when the stack is 100 cm, it is closed and fermented with plastic film, and it can be used after 20 to 30 days.
(4) Improper sowing density:
(1) If the amount of spring peanut sowing is too dense, it is easy to cause the emergence of seedlings to be too dense and crowded, and the reduction of light will cause the seedlings to grow. (2) Summer peanut cultivation, because the summer peanut plant is relatively short, the planting density is 10% higher than that of spring sowing, in order to play a role in increasing group yield.
(5) Improper management of fertilizer water:
(1) Peanuts in each growth stage, according to the field flower growth potential to determine reasonable fertilization. Too much fertilizer can cause damage to the roots and affect plant growth. In more fertile plots, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, or fertilization of the field during the flowering needle period, is prone to the phenomenon of plant growth. Too little fertilizer, lack of nutrients in the plant, weak plant growth, weak ability to divide the plant, more needles are not solid, fewer pods, and the fruit is not full, affecting the yield.
<h1>Second, several methods that are conducive to increasing peanut production</h1>
1, peanut rotation method to increase production: the main reason (1) can improve soil fertility. Peanut root system is relatively deep, can put the calcium in the soil in the soil surface, sweet potato, vegetable grass crops the root system is relatively shallow, can increase the porosity of the soil, can improve the soil physical and chemical properties, promote microbial decomposition, due to the different characteristics of fertilizer, can better achieve nutrient absorption and utilization complementary.
(2) After the rotation of peanuts and different crops, it can make the weeds have no growth environment, so that the diseases and insects lose their hosts to reproduce and survive, and the field can reduce the number of diseases and weeds, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
Peanut rotation method: (1) winter wheat > summer peanut → winter wheat and summer corn (sweet potato) are suitable for areas with relatively high temperatures and long frost-free periods. (2) Spring peanuts are > east wheat and summer corn (sweet potato) are suitable for warm areas such as the hills of Shandong and the plains of North China. (3) Winter wheat→ peanuts and spring corn (sweet potato, sorghum) are suitable for areas with relatively high temperatures and a long frost-free period. (4) Rapeseed (peas, barley) > peanuts→ winter wheat and summer sweet potatoes (corn) Note: "one >" indicates before and after, and "one" means the next year
2. Deep ploughing and turning soil
(1) Mechanical deep ploughing should be carried out under the plough with a loose soil shovel to achieve the requirements of turning up and down the loose, do not mess with the soil layer, and pay attention to the mature soil on the top and the deep soil on the bottom. (2) Master the appropriate depth; more than 95% of the peanut root system is concentrated in the soil layer of 0 to 30 cm, the ploughing is too deep, and the raw soil is put into the upper layer too much, which will affect the emergence and growth and development of peanuts.
3. Dry seeds before shelling
Before peeling the shell of peanut seeds, the seeds should be exposed to the sun for 2 to 3 days. The ultraviolet rays of the noon sun are used to kill germs in the epidermis of peanuts and reduce disease. It can also make the water content of the seeds relatively consistent, and the seedlings are relatively uniform after sowing. Peanut seed shelling is best peeled a few days before sowing as well, shelling is too early, the protection of losing the shell is easy to humid, contact with the air for a long time, seed vitality declines, affecting the emergence rate.
4. Mulch film covering
Spring peanuts can increase yield by about 10 to 20% by using mulch cultivation; (1) mulch film covering spring peanuts can play a role in keeping warm, moisturizing and drought-proof, and can promote early emergence of seedlings and promote whole seedlings and strong seedlings. (2) It can promote soil microbial activity, is conducive to the growth and activity of rhizobia, and provides more nutrients for flowering and fruiting. (3) The use of mulch film covering can greatly reduce the growth of weeds, prevent the growth of diseases and insect pests, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
Mulch film cover peanut sowing method: (1) first sowing and then mulching, ditching on the ridge, putting two seeds at each acupuncture point, covering the soil to make a good ridge surface, and then spraying herbicides on the ridge, then covering the film, the mulch film should be flattened and straightened, and then the cover soil is pressed on the mulch film under the step (2) first coated and sown, after covering the mulch, according to the peanut sowing density, the plant spacing is determined, and the hole in the ridge surface is punched with a hole punch, the diameter of 4 cm, 3 cm hole, the peanut seed is put in, if the soil is dry, then water it with a kettle. Take soil in the ridge ditch to fill the compaction, forming a mound above the hole.
<h1>5. Pay attention to field management at the seedling stage</h1>
6. Correct and reasonable fertilization method
(1) Base fertilizer: Before cultivating the land, the organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer to be applied are evenly sprinkled on the surface of the ground according to all the organic fertilizers, and then the machine turns the land deeply.
(2) Seed fertilizer: Before sowing, 3/1 of the total amount of chemical fertilizer is generally used, applied to the land, and then sown in the ditch. For artificial ridge sowing, the fertilizer should first be covered in the soil and sown in a ditch in another place. When applying seed fertilizer, it should be noted that peanut seeds cannot be combined with peanuts.
(3) Topdressing: Topdressing should be determined according to the flower growth potential in the field, generally in the pod stage and the pod ripening stage, and the topdressing types are mainly phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.
Peanut fertilization principles: (1) Peanuts are mainly based on farm manure, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers are suitable for use, and between the two, they can interact with each other. Improve the activation of microorganisms in the soil and the decomposition rate of organic fertilizers, and transform various nutrients into peanuts that can be absorbed, thereby improving the utilization rate of fertilizers. (2) The full amount of nitrogen and potassium, phosphorus doubled; for every 50 kg of peanut pods produced, nitrogen is required. The ratio of phosphorus and potassium is 5:4:2:5.
7. Cultivate the soil during the fruit injection period
During the full flowering period of a single plant, before the entire plant is sealed, the soil is cultivated to meet the needle. Cultivating soil too early will affect the growth and flowering of the stem at the base of the needle. Cultivating the soil too late is due to the sealing of the whole plant of peanuts and a large number of fruit needles into the soil, it is inconvenient to cultivate in the middle, and it is easy to touch the loose fruit needles that have been put into the soil. Accompanying the soil should be selected on a sunny day, and attention should be paid to not hurting the needle, and the soil should not be pressed.
<h1>8. Do a good job in the management of the pods during the flowering period</h1>
Foliar topdressing is done during this period to prevent growth. Because the pod period is in the high temperature and rainy season, in the more fertile plots or plots with more nitrogen fertilizer, the growth of the upper part of the ground is too vigorous, and it is easy to appear in the phenomenon of growth.
<h1>9. Field management at the ripening stage of full fruit</h1>
The focus of field management at this stage is mainly to prevent the aging of peanut plants, and pay attention to spraying fertilizer to protect the top leaves in cultivation. Drain water in time during the rainy season. Foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the full fruit stage of peanuts can promote peanut puffing, and increasing calcium fertilizer can increase the thickness of peanut shells and improve yield and quality.
10. Measures for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in various periods of peanuts
(1) Peanut seedling stage mainly control peanut sprout insects: use 40% oxidized Leguo 800 ~ 1000 times liquid foliar spray, the time is best after 10:30 a.m. or noon The best effect.
General language: If you want to grow peanuts with high yield and good quality, as long as you pay attention to the management measures of the above points, as well as the pest control and field management methods in various periods, you are not afraid of not improving the yield.