70 years ago, when I was ten years old, I still remembered the customs of the year, and in the countryside of Dehui City, Jilin Province, my hometown, the newly liberated peasants were divided equally into the land, and they planted grains and grains with joy, enjoyed a bumper harvest, looked forward to a happy Spring Festival, and appreciated the joy of self-reliance.
Kill the pig
Our knotty Spring Festival began with the slaughter of pigs, entered the end of the winter month and the beginning of the waxing moon, raised pigs for ten months to fatten, and asked experienced experts to help. After killing, it was carried to the table, cut a hole in the hind legs, specially called the pig top with an iron rod, stabbed into the hunting body left and right, and then pounded with a wooden stick, the master blew air into the incision, only to see the skin of the pig body gradually bulging up, tightening the incision, and then blowing the other side, at this time the cauldron of water has been bypassed, pouring water on the pig body, and soon it will be white and pure, and the drum will slip like a round fat big fat pig painted in the New Year. At this time, the table opened the intestines and broke the stomach, took out the pig into the water, cut the meat pieces, cut the sauerkraut in the kitchen, the first knife of blood neck meat, blood intestines under the pot, put on the peppercorns ginger and garlic, the fire under the stove burned, the steam was fragrant, floating out of the courtyard from the house, the sound of firecrackers came from the street, relatives and friends surrounded the table, large pieces of meat, small bowls of wine, eating hot, harmonious and kind, smelling the New Year, the New Year festival began.
In the afternoon, the host's family on the river set shaved ice, clear the water, white crystal river ice picked home, in a corner of the warehouse spread a layer of ice, the split meat block is laid out, covered with a layer of ice, poured with water frozen, a natural refrigerator, do not take water, the whole month until the enlightenment is eating fresh meat.
Laba sugar
As the saying goes, "Laqi Lapa Eight freezes off the chin", those years of the seasons are very accurate, I belong to the dragon, is the eighth birthday of Lapa, all say that this birthday is auspicious, the chin is not frozen, the head melon is indeed not bright. We don't drink Laba porridge, eat rhubarb rice, and drink porridge is even more mushy. Rhubarb rice cloud bean rice, mixed with white sugar when eating, sticky and sweet. Eat a big piece of sugar in the evening, because it is my birthday can be more than one piece of discount. Large pieces of sugar are made of crushed yellow rice, and there is a small sugar mill in the tun, which can be bought and can also be exchanged for crushed yellow rice, and the sugar is sweet, crisp and fragrant. Nowadays, there are also sold in winter, and they look like they did not have the sweetness, crispness, fragrance and sticky teeth of that year.
Just as Mr. Lu Xun said, when I returned to the countryside ten years later, the fruit was not as delicious as before, and I felt the same way, or Mr. Lu Xun had foresight.
Dig out the rice to steam the dry food
After Lapa Ba was particularly busy, pushing the mill to pull the mill, pulling out the rice steamed bean bun and rice cake. First of all, the steamed rice cakes are made with millet seeds and steamed bean buns and rolled into rice with red sticky grain, and then crushed into noodles with mills. Those days the mill is particularly busy, the first few days of the queue, called the occupation of the mill house, after the grain of the millet grain, once occupied, you have to be busy for a day or two. There is a public large windmill in the mill house, and now I think of the windmill is very scientific, there is a shaking fan on one side, the middle head leaks the whole rice, the second grid under the broken rice, the broken rice is used for large pieces of sugar, and the back fan is grain bran. When the rice is boiled with water and dried, it is crushed to form flour, there is a large basket, and the flour is sifted into the large basket with a lotus, which is a simple and complex process of making rice cakes and bean buns with flour.
Steamed bean bun with small yellow rice, steamed rice cake with rhubarb rice, steamed bean bun with rhubarb rice is the best, delicious and beautiful, because rhubarb rice is more expensive. When steaming, the yellow rice noodles are first made, smell sour, the bean filling has been cooked, the neighbor woman came to help, steamed several pots a day, dried, put into the tank to freeze. The next day sprinkle rice cakes, one layer, sprinkle a layer of good cloud beans, steamed and dried, cut into long strips, and put them in the same bean bun jar, enough to eat in the first month. Eat rice cake sticky white sugar, white sugar sweet, kidney bean flavor, that is the most favorite food for adults and children.
Twenty-three years
Twenty-three years of the small year, is also the day of the ascension of the king of the decoction stove, after eating the sauerkraut stuffing in the morning, clean the kitchen and clean the stove. It is said that the stove king is a celestial star, sent to the human world to be the commander of the eastern kitchen, every household is respectful as a god, the twenty-third day of the ascension of the stove king, this day to unveil the old stove king portrait, paste a new one, the couplet is the left "heaven says good things", the right side is "the nether realm to ensure peace" On the upper side is the "head of the family". The stove is set up with fruit offerings, and the sorghum is placed in the shape of a horse, and the horse is used forage, and a bowl of water is placed for the people and horses to drink. In the evening, congratulations sent the stove king to heaven, the shewangye stuck a large piece of sugar on his mouth, and the horse's mouth was also glued with a large piece of sugar, hoping that the centaur would have a sweet mouth in front of the Jade Emperor, and say more good things about the family and not bad words. The owner of the house prostrated his head and prayed: "King Zhao, whose original surname is Zhang, rides a big horse, carries a waist knife, sees the Jade Emperor, and says more good things and less bad things." After the prayer, burn the old statue of the king of the stove and the paper horse together, and set off firecrackers to send the king of the stove to heaven, hoping to bless the family with peace, harmony and auspiciousness for the New Year.
Twenty-five six the second time to rush to the market to do new year goods, to buy back to the family socks, frozen pears, firecrackers, candy, pastries and other new year items. Twenty-eight handfuls of noodles, wheat produced at home, steamed steamed steam The fruit is wild, looks like a spleen wine bottle cap type, longer than the bottle cap horn, fresh and good-looking, the performance is auspicious, and the dragon and phoenix are auspicious.
Chinese New Year's Eve day is too big for the New Year
Chinese New Year's EveChinese New Year's Eve, the fog is steaming, and small snowflakes are floating in the air, adding luster to the festival. After eating breakfast, clean the house again and outside the courtyard, put up lantern poles in the courtyard, paste couplets, paste "go out to see the joy" outside the gate, stick "fat pig full circle" on the pigsty, stick "golden chicken full shelf" in the chicken coop, stick the lantern pole with "auspicious star high light", paste a hanging money under each spring league, and the words "grain abundance" and "auspicious ruyi" are engraved in the hanging money, which flutters with the wind and is colorful. In the house, the father asked the family tree to hang a portrait, and hung it neatly on the north wall, and the table was placed on various offerings of fruits, candles, and incense smoke. The picture on the hanging statue is clear, indicating the ancestral name, the Yang family broke into the Guandong, originally from Yangtun, Jimo County, Dengzhou, Shandong, and heard that in the first few years, the old family went to Jimo County to find roots and ask the ancestors.
Dinner is the most sumptuous, pork knuckle, carp, chicken stewed mushrooms, sauerkraut noodles and other delicacies, the most worth mentioning eating rice, a year to eat a meal of white rice, meat head, fragrant and refreshing. That place is all dry land, do not produce rice, home-grown japonica seeds, also called dry rice, crushed out of the japonica rice, low yield is generally not planted, the year on the street to buy, can only be given in the New Year, very precious, eat really fragrant. After dinner, children carry paper lanterns around, adults wrap Chinese New Year's Eve dumplings in the house, and copper coins are buried in the dumplings, and whoever eats them is blessed. The dumpling stuffing is celery, dried celery, dried in the autumn, and where there are fresh greens in the winter of that year, I have to rely on myself. After the dried celery is soaked in water, the boiling water soup also has a celery flavor, eating celery means that people are diligent and thrifty, and the wind and rain are smooth for another year.
Dumplings are wrapped in the house, and new year papers are placed outside to drive away evil spirits and invite ancestors to go home for the New Year. I took the hemp seed pole, put it in the middle of the yard, the hemp seed pole is the head of the ground brain replanting, in order not to waste a point of land, hemp seed is used to carry the axle of oil, it is also equal to lubricating oil, also use oil window paper, there was no glass in that era, oil over the window paper bright. Put a table in the courtyard, put on the offering fruit, light incense, see the three stars overhead, the sound of firecrackers in the tun, about eleven o'clock, the house cooks dumplings, the outside point hemp seed stalk, the hemp rod has oil, with a crackling sound, a tun zi in the cracking, the flowers flickering, the fireworks shrouded, eating Chinese New Year's Eve rice in the roar. Eat dumplings silently, do not allow children to talk nonsense, do not forget the stories told by adults after eating, Chinese New Year's Eve the god of wealth to send gold yuanbao, we are careful, in the house and outside the house to listen to the chicken boy "grunting" cry, looking for gold yuanbao.
The first day of the first year is very lively, and the new daughter-in-law of the new generation, under the leadership of the sister-in-law, gives the elder uncle and uncle a New Year's greeting. At this time, the new daughter-in-law's little uncle was making a fuss, running forward and back, smearing the face of the new sister-in-law, the eldest sister-in-law bombarded the right and left, even beating and scolding, the new daughter-in-law hid in Tibet, excited, good, the new new month can not turn over, had to use their own skills, avoid the bad tricks of the fart boy.
The third year of the first year of the yangge, by the good people Zhang Luo, the song team are men's affairs, men dress up women's makeup, wear flowers and green cloth shirts, carry five ga paper flowers, twist and tremble, commonly known as "wax flowers". The male ugly body wears a red belt, plays with the flower bell stick, the flower bell stick is a one-meter long round stick, digs two long grooves, wears a few large coins (front square eye copper coins), in front of the female horn in front of the back and forth, the flower bell holds up the "uproar" sound. The leader of the front team is called "Silly Boy", wearing a big orchid cloak, the right hand is a big fan, the left hand is pulling a bucket, walking up the whirlwind style, leading the team to evolve the pattern, that is, the art change director, through the streets and alleys, to see whose yard is wide, but also more affluent, into the courtyard can open the field, gongs and drums are noisy, the sound of screaming, the joy of the song twisting, "change garlic petals", "weaving flower baskets", "roll cabbage", maybe more interested, stop the team to sing a "small new year". After this trick is done, the host's family will send a cigarette, the captain will report the gift, the team members will shout "thanks", and the team will walk out of the yard. Some people did not realize that Yangge would patronize the small courtyard people's homes, there was no preparation, Yangge climaxed again, in full swing, screaming, the owner in embarrassment, handed three or five yuan, in a thank you to leave. This song team will also go to Lintun and Xiangshang District to perform performances, congratulate each other, exchange art, and intermittently make noise until the fifteenth day of the first month.
Fifteen nights to sprinkle street lights
The fifteenth night of the first month is more meaningful, and the street is sprinkled with street lights. Each family uses soba noodles, there are also high grain noodles to make small lamp bowls, insert small wooden sticks in the middle, add hemp seed oil, put it on the side of their own door at night, put one between one or two meters, and form a fire dragon light flickering, colorful, like the world and the earth shine together, the future is bright, and the days are getting better and better. If there are snowflakes in the sky, it means that the night clouds cover the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival, which should be in response to the saying that "the night clouds cover the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the snow on the fifteenth day of the first month lights up." The song team came, the gongs and drums were noisy, the chanting was melodious, the children's paper lanterns could be seen wandering away from the lights, the adults helping the elderly and the children laughing and laughing, and a tunzi was brilliantly lit, full of festive and joyful scenes.
Later, in order to save grain, he invented the use of broken firewood (commonly known as "Ge Scratch", according to the pronunciation of these two words), mixed with kerosene sprinkled on the side of the road, lit to form a very powerful fire dragon, not only without losing traditional customs, but also saving grain and sesame oil. After there is electricity, the street lamp from the foot pole head, obviously safe, I think, this street lamp is not the origin of the folk soil law and evolved, and changed the modern pattern of lights, beautifying the night is not ordinary life.
Twenty-five is Dragon and Phoenix Day
On the twenty-fifth day of the first month, there is also a dragon and phoenix day, on this day the family gets up early to clean the yard, sprinkles a large circle with soil ash in the middle of the courtyard, and sprinkles grains in the middle, which means that this is a big granary, this year's wind and rain are smooth, the sun is beautiful and the wind is harmonious, the grain is abundant, the grain harvest is abundant, and the big granary is filled with thousands of quintals of grains and miscellaneous grains.
Wind and rain are smooth, grain is abundant, grain is full of warehouses, people are prosperous, do not forget the "February two" sacrifice "Dragon King", February two dragons look up, the wind and rain depend on the Dragon King, this year's four dragons to control the water, as the saying goes, the dragon relies more on, the dragon less waterlogged, the four dragons rule the water just right, do not wait to rely on, each negative side. The pig's head at home was cleaned up, just wait for the second day of February, no wind and no waves, clear sky, blue sky, red sun rising in the east. If there are snowflakes, it is like a sign of "Ruixue Mega Year", men, women and children, laughing and walking out of the door to greet the wind and the good omen of the sun.
Author: Yang Yufa, Retired Cadre of Inner Mongolia Qiuer Forestry Bureau.
Editor: Zhao Yi
Email: [email protected] (original debut)
Copyright Notice: This article is the original work of Nakago Mei and may not be reproduced without permission