Comprehensive management of common garden plant pests in north China in autumn

With the arrival of autumn, the temperature gradually fell, a variety of garden plants began to enter the autumn growth stage, and at the same time it is the peak period of disease and insect harm, a variety of leaf-eating pests will hatch into pupae after feeding, and some will overwinter after eating leaves. Therefore, it is extremely important to do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insects in autumn, reduce the number of insect populations in the following year, and ensure the normal growth of garden plant leaves. The occurrence of common garden plant pests and integrated control measures in north China in autumn are introduced as follows for the reference of peers.

1. Aphids

Aphids are important pests of garden plants, mainly occurring in spring and autumn, as the temperature continues to drop in autumn, some aphids begin to fly back to the host to prepare for wintering. The secretions of aphids are easy to induce coal pollution disease, which in severe cases causes the death of garden plants. The main aphids in autumn are the hairy poplar aphid, the purple weed long spotted aphid, the peach powder aphid, the luan polymorphic hairy aphid, the meadowsweet aphid, the moon-season long-tube aphid, the autumn four-veined cotton aphid, the willow black aphid, the Indian tail aphid and so on.

Prevention and control methods:

1. Combined with plant pruning, cut off the branches with insect eggs;

2. Spray prevention and control during the peak spawning period before wintering. Such as spraying 1.2% bitter · tobacco emulsion 800 ~ 1000 times liquid, or 6% imidacloprid emulsion 3000 ~ 4000 times liquid, or 5% acetamidine emulsion 5000 ~ 6000 times liquid, or 0.3% matrine water agent 1000 ~ 1200 times liquid, or 0.5% risloline soluble liquid 800 ~ 1000 times liquid and one of them to carry out foliar spraying, pay attention to safety when spraying;

3. The use of adult aphids has a strong tendency to yellow, and hangs yellow armyworm plates to trap winged adult aphids;

4. Pay attention to the protection and utilization of various natural enemies, and do not use broad-spectrum pesticides during the incubation of natural enemies;

5, per square meter with 100 grams of 3% furandan granules, directly applied to the rhizosphere of some flower shrubs can also effectively control aphids.

2. Bugs are insect pests

Bug weevils are hemiptera, and both adults and nymphs are infested by sucking the leaves of garden plants, causing their leaves to lose green and their plants to shrink. Bugs generally overwinter as adults, and in the fall, most of them begin to look for hidden places to prepare for the winter. When the prevention and control is not timely, when the harm is serious, it often causes the occurrence of coal pollution disease. The main insect pests in autumn are hemp skin bugs, tea wing bugs, red ridge bugs, spot bee edge bugs and pear crown reticulated bugs.

1. Artificial capture of adult insects during the wintering period, or removal of dead branches and leaves and weeds, concentrated burning, can eliminate overwintering adult insects;

2. Spray 6% imidacloprid emulsion 3000~4000 times liquid, or 50% octylthion emulsion 800~1000 times liquid, or 2.5% cypermethrin emulsion 2500~3000 times liquid, or 1.2% bitter smoke emulsion 800~1000 times liquid and other pesticides;

3. Protect natural enemies, such as grasshoppers, spiders, etc.

3. Dried moths

Autumn is the peak of damage to dried moths, such as celestial bulls, wood beetle moths and other larvae. Some tianniu still have adult insects in the autumn, but most of the larvae of the tianniu continue to excrete feces in the phloem and xylem of the tree, and the larvae located in the phloem can be pest up to early and mid-November, and the larvae in the xylem can be pest up to late November. The larvae of the wood beetle moth are some under the tree pupae or overwinter in the tree. The main dried moth pests controlled in autumn are: bare-shouldered star tianniu, mulberry tianniu, peach-necked tianniu, aromatic wood beetle moth, elm beetle moth, small line horn wood beetle moth, as well as national locust small curl moth and Ailanthus groove orbital elephant and so on.

1. For Tianniu pests

(1) Adult insecticide is the root of control, for adult cattle in the autumn can be sprayed for the second time Shi Len Ping Ping Ping Tai dilution; can also be artificially killed adult insects;

(2) Autumn is the initial stage of the damage of Tianniu larvae, at this time, octyl thiophos 200~ 300 times liquid should be sprayed on the tree, and if conditions permit, spray once every 10 days, which can effectively kill Tianniu larvae. Before the larvae are mothed into the xylem, they can spray the trunk or apply glue mud with 50% borer pine emulsion;

(3) The tree is dried, using strong systemic pesticides such as acetamidine and imidacloprid, and 1 ml is injected according to the diameter of the tree chest every 1 cm;

(4) In the planning and design, pay attention to the mixed planting of trees, avoid the harm of a single tree species from the same kind of Tianniu, and reduce the harm and spread of Tianniu.

2. For wood beetle moths

(1) Strengthen management, enhance tree potential, and cut down severely damaged branches to reduce the source of insects;

(2) Install insecticidal lamps to trap adult insects;

(3) Spray killing hatching larvae for hatching larvae that have not yet been mothed into dryness can be controlled with 50% octylthion emulsion 1000-1500 times liquid;

(4) Inject insect holes and poison the larvae in the holes, and inject the worm holes with veterinary syringe for the middle and old larvae that have been mothed into the dry.

(5) Tree drying, using 6% imidacloprid emulsion or 5% acetamidine emulsion, according to the diameter of the tree chest every 1 cm, injection of 1 or 1.5 ml, can effectively control adult egg laying and larval damage in the trunk.

4. Thorn moths

The stinging moth is an important pest of garden plants, and the leaf-eating tree species of the insect are more heterogeneous. When the harm is serious, all the leaves will be eaten up, so that the formation of winter buds will be affected. Autumn is the peak of the second generation of thorn moths, and it is also the wintering period when most thorn moths are cocooned. Its main thorn moths are flat thorn moth, double-aged green thorn moth, brown-edged green thorn moth, yellow thorn moth and so on.

1. Artificially picking insect cocoons or breaking the insect cocoons on the trunk to reduce the source of insects;

2. When the larval cluster is infested, remove the insect leaves, manually kill the larvae, and pay attention to the poisonous hair of the larvae when hunting;

3. Biological control is selected before the larvae are 3 years old, such as Bt wettable powder with a content of 16000 IU/mg that can be administered 500 to 700 times liquid;

4. Chemical control. Young larvae can use 25% urea suspension 1500 to 2000 times liquid, or 25% insecticidal urea suspension 2000 to 3000 times liquid, or 20% rice full suspension 1500 to 2000 times liquid and other biomimetic pesticides. The larvae occur in a large area, and can be sprayed with 20% rapid killing of 2000 to 3000 times liquid, 2.5% enemy killing 1500 to 2000 times liquid, 50% octyl thiophosphate emulsion 1000 to 1500 times liquid, 1.2% bitter smoke emulsion 800 to 1000 times liquid and other pesticides;

5. Protect natural enemies, such as the stinging moth Purple Bee, Mantis, Cockroach, etc.

5. Other leaf-eating pests

Autumn is the peak of a variety of leaf-eating pest larvae to harm various leaves, and many pests often erupt in autumn, some of which overwinter with young larvae or overwinter with eggs or cocoons. In severe cases, after a branch or leaf eats light, it is dispersed for feeding, affecting the formation of winter buds, which is easy to cause the second germination of hidden buds and weaken the tree potential. The main pests of autumn festival are the American white moth, Yang Fanzhou moth, horn-spotted ancient poison moth, Ailanthus skin moth, citrus butterfly, cotton large leaf curl moth, small moth, grape tiger moth, grape moth, black-edged sky moth, willow blue leaf beetle, silkworm moth, silk cotton wood Venus inchworm and so on.

1. Garden technology prevention and control.

(1) Raking soil, hoeing grass or ploughing the ground around trees can kill the pupae that are ready to overwinter;

(2) Take advantage of the habit of larvae being frightened and easy to fall, or shoot down the larvae when they occur, or artificially kill the larvae on the tree according to the insect droppings and fragments on the ground and leaves;

(3) After the larvae enter the soil or before the adults feather, spray or water 50% octyl thiophosphorus on the ground around the host to poison the pupae in the soil.

2. Physical prevention and control. Using the phototropism of adult moths, adults are trapped by black light lamps during the adult occurrence period to reduce the amount of eggs laid.

3. Biological control. Before the larval age is 3 years old, Bt wettable powder with a content of 16000 IU/mg can be administered 1000 to 1200 times liquid. It not only protects various natural enemies, but also prevents pollution and environmental sanitation.

4. Chemical control. Larvae before 3 to 4 years of age can be sprayed with 20% insecticidal urea suspension 3000 to 3500 times liquid, or 25% urea suspension 2000 to 2500 times liquid and other bionic pesticides. When the density of the worm mouth is large, 50% octylthion 2500 times liquid, or 2.5% kung fu emulsion 2500 to 3000 times liquid, or 2.5% cypermethrin 2000 to 3000 times liquid and other drugs can be sprayed, which have good control effects.

5. Protect natural enemies such as praying mantises, wasps, cocoon bees, and beneficial birds.

6. Mesozoans

Mesophyllum, also known as insects, belongs to the garden pests of the family Homoptera. In addition to the direct harm caused by sucking the host plant, it also excretes dense dew, induces plant coal pollution disease, causing the plant to grow weakly, fall flowers and fruits, dry branches or die the whole plant. In autumn, the main shell insects are the Japanese turtle wax borer, the kosan large ball bug, the purple weed velvet borer, the guard spear arrow pointed shield borer, the persimmon velvet borer and so on.

1. Strengthen plant quarantine. The shell insect camp lives permanently and can spread with the seedlings to other places, so when introducing seedlings, quarantine should be strengthened to ensure that the introduced seedlings do not carry insects;

2. Reasonable pruning and whole branches. Insects often gather on the branches of the plant, can be used in winter to prune the plant, the whole branch, in order to change the habitat conditions of the insects, so as to reduce the pest of the insects, cut the insect branches, should be burned centrally;

3. Pharmaceutical prevention and treatment. At the peak of nymph incubation, when the waxy layer has not been formed or the waxy layer has just begun to form, spray 6% imidacloprid soluble liquid 2000 times liquid, or 2.5% bromobilicon emulsion 4000 times liquid, or 5% acetamidine emulsion 4000 to 5000 times, etc., the above three agents are used alternately, sprayed every 7 to 10 days, and sprayed 2 to 3 times continuously. The key to spraying is to seize the opportunity (nymph stage), if the nymph is fixed to form a wax shell, you can spray 40% rapid culling emulsion 1500 ~ 2000 times liquid, can achieve good results;

4. Pay attention to the protection and utilization of natural enemies such as red ring ladybirds and black-edged red ladybirds.