The root cause of the current unfavorable prevention and control of many diseases in the production of fruit trees is the wrong understanding of the pathogen of the disease, which needs to be re-understood.
1. Glue disease
Traditional sources believe that gum disease is a physiological disease, and some materials believe that it is a fungal disease. Since 1996, fruit tree flow gum disease in the Jiaodong area of the occurrence of more serious, or even large occurrence, through our large number of investigations, in 1998 found the Japanese small stupid (Laiyang Agricultural College Professor Gu Yun identification, also known as fruit tree small beetle) adult insects, after 4 years of observation found that the large occurrence of branch flow gum disease is mainly caused by the harm of Japanese small beetles. Japanese beetle occurs 1 generation a year, with larvae in the previous years of damage and close to the dead branches on the winter, July-August a large number of feathering, August-November, peach, plum, cherry and other fruits after picking, Japanese small beetle adults in the branches of the skin and other places in the group of moths, in the branches caused a large number of small borer holes, destroyed the phloem transport tissue of the branches, colloids flowed out of the moth holes, the formation of branch flow gum disease. At present, more than 90% of the branch flow gum disease in the orchards in Jiaodong area is caused by the damage of Japanese small beetles and so on. At the same time, the occurrence of fruit flow gum disease is mainly caused by insect pests, for example, peach borer borer, pear small heartworm, etc. can cause fruit flow gum disease. The key to the prevention and control of fruit tree branch trunk glue disease is from August to October, that is, the drying stage of adult insect moths infested by Japanese small beetles, spraying insecticides on fruit tree branches, such as bromine, peach spirit and so on. The key to preventing fruit flow gum disease is to spray insecticides during the fruit growth period.
2. Malformation and thickening of grape root above the neck and death of new shoot leaves such as pears
In recent years, the branches above the root neck of grapes have experienced symptoms of deformity and thickening, which affects the normal infusion of grape nutrition. According to the author's 2003 survey of vineyards in Rushan Yuli, Zhuxiang and other towns, the occurrence of the disease is more serious, or large, the average incidence rate is 10%, and the individual orchards reach more than 90%. Many experts believe that it is a "root cancer disease", and some people believe that it is caused by manganese overdose. Fruit growers believe that the disease is incurable and have adopted the method of cutting trees. Since there is no right medicine, the disease "spreads" quickly. The author continuously observed the site of the disease with a dissecting mirror and found that the so-called "root cancer disease" of the grapes is mainly a mite, and the main cause of the deformity and thickening of the raisin branches is a small white spider. This small white spider may have been introduced to China from Japan, resembling the Japanese NanoHatani (transliteration), less than 1mm in length, yellow and white in body color, agile in adult mites, with 2 black spots on its back in May, and no black spots on the back of subsequent generations of adult mites, resembling dimacchia leaf mites. However, experts from the Shandong Institute of Fruit Trees and Laiyang Agricultural College have denied it as a diplocular leaf mite because of its significantly smaller size. Adult mites can be pest until November, after which they overwinter. Adult mites prefer to move at the bud eye at the base of the leaf and feed on the thickening of the root neck of the grape. From June to August, a large number of mites can be seen in the field, with a triangular shape, resembling rusty ticks. If the mite cluster is harmful, hundreds of mites can be seen on a pear leaf, which can harm young branches, leaves, young fruits, etc., and can make the entire fruit skin of grapes and pears become rust-colored. Professor Gu Yun of Laiyang Agricultural College identified it as a cockroach family. The best time to control this mite is in 5-7 months after grape germination, and the best agent is 1. 8% avermectin 8000-10000 times, 20% triazoltin 1000 times, 20% sweep mite net 2000 times, etc.
3. Grape black pox disease
After the introduction of grapes such as Hongti to the Jiaodong region, grape black pox disease became the nemesis of Hongti grapes. Grape black pox disease is harmful to leaves, branches, and fruits, of which it is considered to be harmful to young tissues. According to the survey, more than 90% of the red grapes planted in Rushan City between 1998 and 2000 were destroyed by grape black pox disease, and many experts believe that hongti and other grapes are not suitable for development in Jiaodong area. In 2000 and 2001, xiaoyin Gezhuang vineyard in Qinglong Town, Zhaoyuan City, and Cui Jia in Rushan Xia village town, and four red vineyards such as grape black pox disease occurred in a large number of fruit and branches, which destroyed the vineyard. The author took samples from the above orchards, cultured and observed spores in Rushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and found that the pathogen belonged to the fungus Hinge spore, which was basically the same as the apple spotted leaf litter fungus Alternaria, and was not a fungus identified by traditional data. We used pesticides indoors to determine sensitivity, and reviewed the experience of prevention and treatment of apple spot deciduous leaf disease that also belonged to the same fungus of the genus Rheumatosporus, and found that the traditional agents sodium pentachlorophenolate, fumei arsenic, carbendazim, etc. had a poor inhibitory effect on the bacteria, and the best agent and time for prevention and control was to spray 5 ° Be stone sulfur compound (self-boiled) before germination in the spring, spray 10% polyamide 1000 times, 70% parahydrogen 1000 times, 1. 5% polyantimycin 300 times, 10% world-high 2000 times, 85% ethylphosphorus aluminum 300 times, 1: 1: 220 times Bordeaux liquid, etc. According to these methods, since 2001, the black pox disease of Rushan Red Grape has been basically effectively controlled, and the yield has been high and stable for consecutive years.
In addition, the symptoms of green blind bugs before and after the budding of grapes are also similar to grape black pox disease, which is generally considered by fruit growers and technicians to be black pox disease, which is even more wrong.
4. Leaf perforation disease
Leaf perforation diseases such as peach trees are generally considered to be mainly bacterial perforations. In 2002 and 2003, the perforation disease of peach tree and plum tree leaves in Jiaodong area occurred in large quantities, and in addition to leaf perforation, a large number of shoots and shoots died in the bud eyes and new shoots. Through our isolation and culture of pathogens, the pathogens that cause the large occurrence of the disease are mainly Fusarium, and it should be said that fungi are the main cause of these perforation diseases (of course, bacteria are not excluded). The use of Daisen manganese zinc series products (Dasheng M-45, etc.), agricultural streptomycin and other prevention and control effects are not as good as the use of carbendazim, Procymidone and so on.
——If you want more information, pay attention to the official website of Nongshi 365 (http://www.xns365.cn) or pay attention to the WeChat public account (Nongshi 365) ——