In Tibetan, "Tso" means lake, and the Mapan Yongcuo, Yangzhuo Yongcuo and Namtso in Tibet are the three most famous sacred lakes in Tibet. Among them, Ma Pang Yong Tso means "eternal and undefeated jasper lake", Namu mistakenly means "Heavenly Lake", and Yang Zhuo Yong Tso is called "coral-like lake". It is also the existence of the three major lakes that countless people want to go to Tibet every year to enjoy the heavenly beauty.
However, in recent years, with more and more people traveling to Tibet, everyone has also found a problem, that is, the fish in the Tibetan sheep Zhuo Yongcuo can almost be fished out of their hands, and their number has reached a point where people cannot imagine, but why is there still no one to catch and no one to eat? With such rich fishery resources and not taking advantage of them, are the people in Tibetan areas not violently destroying natural objects?
If we want to understand and understand this matter, we have to start with the development of Yang Zhuo Yongcuo. Located in Langkazi County, Shannan, Tibet, Yangzhuo Yongcuo covers an area of 675 square kilometers and has an altitude of 4,441 meters, making it one of the highest freshwater lakes in the world. The fish resources in Yangzhuo Yongcuo Lake were not as much as they are now when they were first discovered and used by humans.
Back in the 1870s, people in Tibetan areas began to use the most traditional fishing methods to prey on native freshwater fish in Lake Zhuoyongcuo. However, at that time, due to the limitations of human fishing technology and population base, it did not have much impact on the fish in Yangzhuo Yongcuo. However, in the 1980s, with the increase of the population base and the development of fishing technology, the breeding of fish in Yangzhuo Yongcuo soon fell into a huge crisis.
At that time, people did not have a deep understanding of sustainability, and in order to improve their lives, Tibetans thought about how to catch more fish. Whether you eat it yourself or sell it, it will help your family life to a certain extent. Under such a premise, Yang Zhuo Yongcuo's fish naturally became a victim.
By 2005, however, it became increasingly clear to many Tibetans that fishing was becoming more and more difficult. What was once available from one catch now requires at least a few catches. Not only that, but the quality of the fish caught is also greatly reduced, and many fish weigh less than half the original. People began to realize that if they continued to fish recklessly, the fish of Yang Zhuo Yongcuo would definitely be caught by humans.
According to the data, the species of fish in Yangzhuo Yongcuo Lake in that year have changed from the original 11 species to 7 species, and at least 4 species of fish have completely disappeared in Yangzhuo Yongcuo. The local government also began to realize the seriousness of the problem, so it forbade people to continue to kill fish, hoping that the fish in Yang Zhuo Yongcuo would slowly recover.
At the same time, in order to "repent", tibetans also spontaneously organized a "release festival" to buy different kinds of fish from various places and release them into Yangzhuo Yongcuo, so that Yang Zhuoyongcuo could recover as soon as possible. But what they did not expect was that it was precisely because of the active release and the emergence of the "fish ban order" that the fish in Yangzhuo Yongcuo Lake began to grow uncontrollably, and the number was as high as 800 million kilograms at one time.
In particular, the vast majority of the fish released by the fishermen did not pose a natural predator after entering Yangzhuo Yongcuo Lake. When they adapt to the ambient temperature and water quality, biological invasions begin to erupt round after round. Some Tibetans do not have a specific concept of this, but instead believe that this is good news for Yang Zhuo Yongcuo to regain its vitality.
Many people may wonder, although there are many fish in Yang Zhuo Yongcuo, how can we know that the specific weight is as much as 800 million kilograms? In fact, it can be quickly deduced using the mark recapture method that we learned in our biology class in high school.
One or two hundred fish are fished from a certain local area and marked, and when the time is right, they can be salvaged again to see the final answer. If you feel that it is too one-sided, you can also select multiple areas, and finally choose an average.
So why don't people dare to eat fish here anymore, even though the number is so huge? In fact, this is mainly due to the following reasons.
faith
First of all, the faith of the people in Tibetan areas, in the hearts of the people in Tibetan areas, Yang Zhuo Yongcuo is definitely a well-deserved holy lake. In addition to its stunning natural beauty, another important reason is that it is said to help people find the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama.
When the Dalai Lama died, the Tibetan Buddhist leadership began to search for the Dalai Lama's reincarnation. First of all, the very complicated and cumbersome customs such as the great living Buddha's chanting, shaman séance, etc. determine the specific orientation of the reincarnated spiritual child, and then the Buddhist monks religiously sit next to Yang Zhuo Yongcuo and recite prayers, and throw hada, treasure vases, and so on into the lake to confirm. If the orientation is the same, then the monks will begin to look for newborn babies along the directions.
It is precisely because of this that in the hearts of tibetans, Yang Zhuo Yongcuo has become the only way to reincarnate the spiritual child, and the fish in the lake will also have spirituality, so they no longer prey on the fish in the sheep Zhuo Yongcuo Lake, and have always maintained a deep awe.
Water burial
In addition to faith, traditional customs are also an important reason why people in Tibetan areas have stopped preying on fish in Lake Zhuo Yongcuo. I believe that many people have heard of the heavenly burial, cremation and water burial in Tibet, etc., these funerals are unique traditional customs in Tibetan areas, where water burial is to put the deceased into the lake.
However, contrary to people's imagination, water burial is not simply to put the deceased person on a wooden boat to let him float aimlessly, but to dismember on the shore and then be sent by his relatives to the bottom of the lake. Such a funeral may be too cruel for outsiders; but for the traditional customs of the past, it is actually only one of many customs, no different from any other custom in any other region.
Cognitive awareness is not the same, outsiders are naturally not easy to say more. However, after the relatives sink to the bottom and become the food of the fish, people will not choose to eat the fish here. In their view, preying on the fish here is actually disrespecting the deceased, and if there is some scruple in their hearts, they will naturally stop fishing.
Of course, in addition to the influence of beliefs and traditional factors, in fact, better choices are also an important reason for them to actively give up preying on the sheep Zhuo Yongcuo fish. Nowadays, cattle and sheep in Tibetan areas are fully able to support the daily energy needs of Tibetans, and naturally no longer need to prey on fish in the lake.
It should be known that because they live in the highland areas, the demand for heat of the Tibetan people is far greater than that of the low altitude areas. Before the development of cattle and sheep animal husbandry in Tibetan areas, although the fish in Yangzhuo Yongcuo was the best choice at that time, it was also the most helpless choice.
Not only that, in the hearts of some Tibetans, the matter of killing is actually very important. In the same situation, the problem that can be solved by killing a cow or a sheep will naturally not kill 100 fish. What's more, the cattle and sheep are raised by themselves, and the psychological burden after killing is relatively low, but the fish live in the sheep Zhuo Yongcuo, not their own property, which will also prevent the Tibetans from fishing ideas to a certain extent.
Many people may be more curious, although people do not fish now, but before they also often fished in Yangzhuo Yongcuo Lake? Could it be that at that time, beliefs, customs did not exist? In fact, this is mainly caused by the different binding forces of different eras. In terms of faith, people were forced to prey on the fish in the sheep Zhuo Yongcuo in order to survive, and the influence of Tibetan Buddhism was not as great as it is now, so everyone did not pay attention to it.
In terms of customs, people actually deliberately avoided water burial in the era of large-scale fishing. Similar to the heavenly burial, tree burial and so on became the mainstream of that era. This is both a respect for the deceased and a choice that reality is forced to make. Nowadays, with the development and progress of the times, the number of animals such as cattle and sheep is also increasing, so people no longer eat fish in the lake.
Many people will wonder, since the local Tibetans in Yangzhuo Yongcuo do not eat the fish here for various reasons, can they catch it and sell it to other places? The answer is no. In the relevant fishing ban regulations, it is stipulated that the fish in Yang Zhuo Yongcuo cannot be fished and sold to other regions without permission.
Many people do not understand this regulation, after all, 800 million kilograms of fish have caused a lot of pressure on Yangzhuo Yongcuo Lake, and if these pressures are not dealt with, then the ecosystem is likely to collapse completely in the future.
In fact, this is mainly due to the water quality of Yangzhuo Yongcuo. Scientists have found that the mineral content in Yangzhuo Yongcuo Lake is particularly high, but the nutrients are particularly small, so the mineral content absorbed by most fish will be much higher than that of fish in other waters.
Not only that, in order to adapt to the water quality and natural environment of Yangzhuo Yongcuo Lake, these fish have long fused minerals with themselves, once humans eat such fish, it will inevitably cause great harm to the body, so the official will prohibit the sale of fish in Yangzhuo Yongcuo.
So what should be done with the fish in Yang Zhuo Yongcuo? People can neither eat nor salvage, and it seems that they can only let the fish here continue to grow. In fact, the solution to this matter is not difficult, as long as the right medicine is prescribed. It was wrong to catch the fish of Yang Zhuo Yongcuo to the point of near extinction, but it is also wrong to overprotect it.
In the face of the growing number of fish in Yangzhuo Yongcuo Lake, we just need to control their numbers within a certain range. It should be known that although the fish of Yang Zhuo Yongcuo contains minerals, we humans cannot eat, but this does not mean that animals cannot eat either.
Americans once proposed the idea of livestock feed when they could not solve the problem of biological invasion, to the effect of industrially converting uncontrollable organisms into feed. We can learn from this line of thinking and keep the fish within a certain range in an orderly manner. As long as this method is used rationally, the problem will naturally be easy to solve.
Not only that, as long as the relevant industries develop to a certain scale, then the economic upgrading near Yangzhuo Yongcuo will also help to a certain extent. Tourism accounts for a large part of the economic composition of the urban areas around Yangzhuo Yongcuo today, and if there is help from the feed industry, then economic growth will inevitably become more pronounced and people's lives will be more affluent.
In fact, the fish in Lake Yangzhuo Yongcuo also give us another level of enlightenment: the natural world is always balanced, whether it is overfishing or over-protecting, it will break this balance. Only by controlling the development of things within a certain range can it be called sustainable development in the true sense.
In addition, the biological variable should also be paid attention to, Tibetans do not understand what biological invasion is, which eventually led to the emergence of 800 million kilograms of fish in Yangzhuo Yongcuo. In the future, in another region, if people make the same mistake, the consequences may be more serious than Yang Zhuoyongcuo.