The fishing moratorium begins on May 1 this year
It will end on August 16
A large wave of delicious seafood will re-"swim" the table
Hainan is known
Aquatic products "natural gene bank", "blue granary" and other reputations
The saltwater fish that "live" here
What are the characteristics and habits?
Hainan fishermen according to the habits of the fish
And what kind of name are given to them?
Let's visit together
Mysterious and interesting fish world
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Fine-scaled eels. Plum photo
Marine fish
Interesting "Hainan Business Card"
Whitefin sharks, golden sardines, snappers, humpback bass, brown spotted groupers, cobias, pomfret, snapper, snapper, butterflyfish... The book "Hainan Marine Fish Picture Directory" published by Ocean Publishing House and edited by Wang Peng includes a total of 1186 kinds of marine fish resources, and the variety of fish names alone makes people feel like they have entered the vast and colorful marine world.
The "Development Plan for the Protection and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm Resources in Hainan Province (2021-2025)" just issued by the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs this year also shows that the province collected nearly 300 species of fish and other specimens with more than 5,000 copies, and more than 100 kinds of fish molecular samples. It can be seen that Hainan is a veritable "blue granary".
Behind this rich blue granary, Hainan fishermen and people give them their own "Hainan business card" according to their understanding of fish attributes.
For example, the humpback perch, known in Hainanese as "rat spot". "The humpback perch is a species of grouper, a subfamily of groupers, and a species of grouper. Because of its long beak and pointed head, raised back, and looks like a mouse, it is called 'mouse spots'. Huang Hai, deputy dean of the College of Fisheries and Life Sciences of Hainan Tropical Ocean College, introduced that the humpback perch is not only delicious in meat, it is the most expensive kind of grouper, and at the same time, due to its unique body shape and body color, it can also be used as a marine ornamental fish.
Another example is the naked-breasted eel, which is called "oil chase" in Hainanese. The naked-breasted eel is a moray eel family. Because they do not have pectoral fins and are the same size as other moray eels, they are called "naked-breasted eels". "Ordinary people call it 'oil chase' because its body has no scales and secretes mucus, just like the body is coated with oil, so it is called 'oil chase'." Huang Hai introduced.
"There is a kind of fish with large eyes, we also call him Big Eye Boy, Big Eye Kuang, its scientific name is called 'Big Eye Seabream'." Lin Chan, who grew up by the sea in Qinglan Town, Wenchang, smiled and recalled: "My parents are fishermen, once they catch big eyes, they must let me eat more, because folklore eating fish not only makes people smarter, eating fish eyes can also make the eyes brighter!"
Golden pomfret from a deep-water cage culture base. Hainan Daily reporter Wang Kai photographed
Hainan fishermen
The favorite three sea fish
Hainan Island is surrounded by the sea on all sides, the island is widely spread by rivers, Hainan fishermen are not only good at finding out the "temper" of the sea, for the delicious food given by the "blue granary", they also have their own unique "tongue tip feeling": "the first pomfret, the second reckless, the third horse fish lang", which is a widely circulated Hainan fishermen's evaluation of the deliciousness of the sea fish.
According to the Yellow Sea, silver pomfret is a kind of marine pomfret, the body shape and other pomfret, such as golden pomfret, black pomfret, its body color silver white, tender flesh, delicious taste, less bone soft spines, deeply liked by the people. The scientific name of the fish is cobia, and Hainan is often called "sea licorice" and "sea carp". Ma Ma Lang is a mackerel, because of its blue-black head and back, the Hainan people call it "black fish".
Huang Hai said that from the appearance, the cobia is round and flat, the trunk is thick, the head is flat and wide, the back is brown, the side is light brown, and the abdomen is white, which is a common marine cage culture species. Cobia is a carnivorous fish, the meat is tender and delicious, and it is delicious to fry or cook in soup, and it is also a good ingredient for sashimi. Due to its fast growth rate and high economic value, it has now become an important deep-sea cage aquaculture species in the southern coastal area of China. Mackerel meat is more thorny and less thorny, the meat is tender and delicious, especially around the time of the Qingming Dynasty every year, when the mackerel spawns, when the fish body is the fattest and the taste is particularly delicious. "These three kinds of fish have the common characteristics of more meat and less thorns, tender and delicious meat, which is quite popular with fishermen."
Delicious seawater fish is not only sorted in the hearts of fishermen, but in the eyes of some Hainan "foodies", there is a kind of fish that cannot be absent in major festivals, it is red fish.
"The body color of the red fish is red, festive. Every New Year's Festival, the family must prepare red fish, this fish meat is very thick, less thorns, a small piece of red fish to eat several large bowls of porridge, is my most beautiful childhood memories!" As soon as the red fish was mentioned, Chen Xiangping, a resident of the big town in Danzhou City, opened the box of words.
According to the data, the scientific name of the redfish is redfin snapper, also known as the red fish cobia, which belongs to the family Piperidae and the genus Pippioptera in taxonomy. The fish has an oval shape, slightly flattened sides, a body length of 20 cm to 40 cm, and a weight of about 2 kg to 3 kg. The head is large, the body is covered with large ctenophores, the lateral line is completely parallel to the dorsal margin, and the eye septum is wide and protruding.
According to the Yellow Sea, in addition to the steaming of fresh fish, the red-tipped snapper is very delicious, and because it is abundant in Hainan, it is often pickled and made into salted fish and dried for preservation. "Dried red fish" is a valuable gift in the southern region. "Red fish dried stew pork belly and dried radish are local famous dishes in Hainan, and in the past, when the economic conditions were not as good as they are now, many families could only eat it during major festivals such as the Spring Festival, which was loved by the people."
Yellowfin snapper. Plum photo
Some endangered
Marine fish are in dire need of protection
With the start of fishing just around the corner, some common marine fish will be back on the table, but there are also many rare and endangered marine fish that need to be protected.
For example, the corrugated lip fish, called Su Mei in Hainanese. According to the data, the sumei fish, belonging to the family Ofonidae, scientific name corrugated fish, mainly grows in the warm tropical waters, close to the reef and coral activities. "Produced in the seas of Wanning and Lingshui in Hainan, its color is milky white and black like a zebra, the scales are round and large, and the mouth is long and thick." According to the Yellow Sea, at present, because the World Wide Fund for Nature, the World Conservation Union and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora have listed corrugated lipfish as endangered species, their breeding, management and trade are subject to the licensing system. China has also included it in the List of Wild Animals under National Key Protection and Grade II Protected Animals, so wild corrugated lip fish cannot be fished or eaten.
Flower eel, known as the "mountain dragon" in Hainan folk. According to the Yellow Sea, the flower eel is one of the typical migratory fish in the river, which breeds in the ocean and grows in fresh water. It can grow in estuaries, swamps, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other waters. It is fierce, strong and powerful. During the day, they hide in caves and stone crevices, and go out at night, preying on fish, shrimp, crabs, frogs and other small animals, as well as the carcasses of large animals that fall into the water. It can forage in wet meadows outside the water and in bamboo forests and bushes after rain, and even prey on farmers' chickens and ducks. It has strong mobility and can be seen on a high mountain of more than 1,000 meters above sea level.
The book "Hainan Parrot Ridge Freshwater Fish Atlas" records that in the 1960s, there were many wild flower eels in Hainan. Cao Wenxuan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that when they came to Hainan in the 1960s to investigate fish resources, thick-mouthed eels were common. In recent years, due to overfishing, water environment pollution, barrages and construction of reservoirs and hydropower stations, etc., the normal migration channel of the eel has been blocked, and the natural resources of the eel have been depleted, so it has been listed as a national second-level aquatic wild protected animal.
Only by protecting the "blue granary" during the fishing season can fishermen have a full catch in the future, and there are fish every year.
Jointly planned by Hainan Daily New Media and Hainan Daily Hainan Weekly
Reporter: Fu Renyi
Duty Director: Wang Kai
Duty Director: Shi Yajie
Content Review: Zeng Jing Chen Yongqi
Editor-in-Charge: Zhang Wanxi