Once, on a trip to Tokyo, under the special arrangement of Mr. Chiyo Hanayagi, a celebrity in the Japanese dance world, I was given the opportunity to have a conversation with the late Master Hanayagi Shou musician, a national treasure on earth, about cultural exchange. I remember talking to a meeting room at the Four Seasons Hotel Chinzanso. At that time, the two of us accidentally talked about the topic of ancient Chinese poetry, and Hua Liu Shou said: "After reading the ancient Chinese poems, I was deeply touched... The poetry and haiku of 'thousands of miles of warblers crying green and red' are also common. ”
The poems spoken by Hua Liu Shou musician are from the late Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu (803-852 AD) in "Jiangnan Spring".
Thousands of warblers cry green and red,
Shuicun Mountain Guo Wine Flag Wind.
Southern Dynasty 480 Temple,
How many buildings are in the smoke and rain.
It is not reflected in green red by 1000 squeals
Mizumura Yamakaku Sake Flag Wind
Southern Dynasty 480 Temple
In some tower smoke rain
This poem with a wonderful pen and flowers reciting the bright spring and pleasant scenery everywhere in Gangnam has always been loved by the Japanese.
Hua Liu Shou musician said: "Ancient poems and haiku are connected. This reminds me of the famous sentence of the mid-Edo haiku Arashi (1654-1707).
As for fishing, the wind of mizumura yamakaku sake flag
Idle fishing for goby by the creek, water village mountain Guo wine flag wind
This haiku is a direct use of the half-sentence poem "Shuicun Shan Guo Jiu QiFeng" after "Thousands of Miles of Warblers Cry Green and Red". "Mizumura Yamakoku" occupies the seven syllables in the middle of the haiku (17 syllables) and the last five syllables of the haiku sentence "Jiuqi の風", which is a well-conceived sentence. Although except for the first five syllables "鯊釣るや", all of which are "borrowed" Du Mu's poems, it turns the spring scene of the original work into an autumn light (the tiger fish is the season of autumn), and there is no sense of pulling hard, which is really wonderful. Bathed in the autumn sun, fishing for goby fish with great interest, not far away is the waterside village foothills of the city, the restaurant's wine flag is fluttering with the wind. The reader can not only think of such a picture in his mind, but also think that when the angler returns home, he may also go into the tavern and drink a sip or two of small wine, full of a sense of fun in life.
The most common species of japanese fishing, goby (provided by Liu Deyou)
Here, the author adds a word: in Japanese, "haze" is also written as "sand fish", which is the most popular fishing, most common in river mouths and shoals, and in autumn, fishing enthusiasts will flock to the river bank to catch goby fish. It is said that goby can be used to make tempura and oden, but in Chinese "salmon" is not pronounced "haze", but "sha", referring to a big guy like "shark".
In fact, I don't know exactly what kind of fish the Japanese word "haze" is. Turning over the Chinese dictionary, it only says the explanation of "goby fish", which is still confusing to read. Why is it called "Tiger"? Is it because this fish can jump, the whole body is pale yellow, and the fins are dark yellow? The correct name for the Japanese "haze" is "true bass(perch sea fish)", and there are many subordinate species, including "black shark (spotted tongue goby fish)", "red bass (six-wire blunt-tailed catfish)", "flying bass (muddied fish)", "tiger bass (red perch)" and so on. Literally, I can't think of Chinese why this fish is called "goby fish."
"鯊釣るや" is a phrase that chants autumn, and in winter there are also famous phrases that chant plum blossoms blooming in the wind and snow.
The warmth of a plum tree
A plum blossom blooms, and the spring is strong
The haiku was written on a postcard sent to me by a Japanese friend.
I looked at the beautiful pictures printed on the postcard, and all kinds of scenes came to mind...
A cold plum blooms. When the haiku looked at it, they felt the warm early spring that was gradually approaching. People looking forward to the arrival of spring have placed indescribable excitement on this plum blossom. The rhythmic rhythm of "plum one, one 輪ほどの" makes the reader feel that spring is slowly coming step by step. I think this haiku reflects a very Japanese delicate emotion.
Although it is the same work depicting plum blossoms, you can feel the difference in the thinking of literature between China and Japan (provided by Liu Deyou)
Although I tried to translate this haiku as "a plum blossom blossoms, a strong spring meaning", I always feel that it is still a little blunt and not enough to convey the spirit.
However, the same is Yongmei, Mao Zedong's lyrics "Bu Operator Yongmei" created in December 1961, which has a large pattern and a strong Chinese style.
Wind and rain send spring home, flying snow welcomes spring arrival. It is already a cliff full of ice, and there are still flowers and branches.
Pretty also do not compete for spring, only the spring to report. When the mountain flowers were full of flowers, she laughed in the bushes.
Wind, Rain, Send The Way Of Spring
The snow is coming in spring.
To freeze 100 lengths of ice on a cliff
In addition, the leap of the branch of the flower.
It's a urus, but spring doesn't make me my way
It's just about the arrival of spring.
Mountain flowers when they are about to bloom
It is in the 1998s and it smiles.
(Translated by Beijing Foreign Language Publishing House)
Under rough reading, it seems to be writing about natural scenery, but combined with the severe international environment in which China was blockaded by the United States and other countries at that time, Guo Moruo believed that Mao Zedong wrote this poem in order to inspire the Chinese people to be like plum blossoms and not to waver and fear the cold.
From this example, we can also see the differences between the way China and Japan think about literature and the way they appreciate literature.
According to relevant books, haiku quotes a lot of ancient Chinese poetry in haiku, starting from the Songwei Basho era, and one of the biggest reasons is that at that time, the ancient Han chinese culture flourished and Zhuzixue was revered.
Matsuo Basho and his disciples actively integrated the content, poetry and expression techniques of Chinese poetry into haiku, and in order to enhance the literary status of haiku and make this literary genre worthy of appreciation, they took pains to create methods.
The "Saga Diary" says that Matsuo Basho has always loved Du Fu, the poetry collection "Du Gongbu Collection" is not far away, and the "Bai's Anthology" is often placed on the desk, which is the empirical evidence that Matsuo Basho is interested in ancient Chinese poetry. Moreover, Matsuo Basho's haiku does use a lot of Chinese vocabulary. However, compared to other Hai contemporaries, Matsuo Basho rarely quotes ancient Chinese poetry directly. This is another mystery.
Liu De has
Born in Dalian in 1931, he is an expert in Japanese culture, journalist and translator.
In 1952, he was appointed as the translator and editor of "People's China".
From 1955 to 1964, he worked as an interpreter for Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi and others.
From 1964 to 1978, he worked in Japan as a reporter for Guangming Daily and Xinhua News Agency for 15 years.
From 1986 to 1996, he was Vice Minister of Culture of the People's Republic of China.
Author: Time Light Journey (Time Flows) "Empress Nichi-Yin Shinkaku" (Postwar Japanese New Search)
By: Prayer (Prayer, Sawako Ariyoshi), Yam Porridge (Sweet Potato Porridge, Akutagawa Nosuke), Suddenly Ying-nari (Unexpected Stun, Kenzaburo Oe), Afterimage, Hiroshi Nori, etc.
Text: Liu Deyou
Translation: Wang Chaoyang