Zhejiang News Client | Reporter Shui Lanwei Correspondent Dong Hao County Party Committee Reporting Group Wu Liping
In the spring light of March, in the area of Yanhu Lake in Huangyankou Village, Jingning, Lishui, a group of beautiful Mandarin ducks playing in the lake, these second-level key protected animals fly from the north for winter, usually leaving at the end of April.
Known as "Zhejiang Green Valley", Lishui is one of the 32 priority areas for land biodiversity conservation in China, and its species diversity ranks first in the province. In January this year, a new amphibian species in the world, the Baishan Zu Horned Toad, was discovered in the Baishanzu National Park, which made the eyes of both domestic and foreign countries gather here, and they lamented the superior ecological environment of Lishui and bred rich and wonderful biological species resources.
Biodiversity is an important foundation for the survival and development of human beings and the harmonious coexistence of man and nature. Sitting on a deep ecological background, Lishui has actively explored the protection of the ecological environment and biodiversity, and released the first municipal biodiversity conservation and sustainable use development plan in Zhejiang Province at the beginning of this year, providing a timetable and roadmap for guiding the city's biodiversity conservation work.
How does Yeosu tell the story of good people and nature? Recently, the reporter followed the Lishui biodiversity survey team into the mountains and rivers of Chuzhou to explore the answer.
Mandarin duck in Huangyaokou Village, Yingchuan Town, Jingning
The Three Treasure Birds return for the neighbor Bitter Flower Fish
Diverse creatures are bred here
Since the end of 2019, Lishui has carried out a background survey on biodiversity, and interesting stories about Yeosu's biodiversity have often been heard.
As soon as the investigation team entered dashan village in Suichang'ankou Township, some villagers warmly greeted them: "You are here to investigate rare animals, right?" I have it at home! ”
The investigation team came to the vicinity of the villagers' houses, and when they looked up, they saw that in the ventilation of the wall on one side, the blue-green birds were flapping their wings and protruding from the nest. It is a key protected bird in Zhejiang Province, the Three Treasure Birds, in the past two years, with the improvement of the ecological environment of Aokou Township and the improvement of the villagers' awareness of environmental protection, they have been able to live in the houses with peace of mind and become a "family" with the villagers.
In Ishikura Village, people were pleasantly surprised to find that the "bitter flower fish" had returned! Once, because of wanton fishing and river pollution, the bitter flower fish, which has extremely high water quality requirements and is known as the "Queen of Clear Streams", is gradually difficult to find; now, Suichang has set up a "river patrol guard team" to crack down on illegal fishing, and invested more than 30 million yuan to rectify the river, and the bitter flower fish has returned to its long-lost homeland.
The better the ecological environment, the richer the biodiversity. Near the activity area of the Baishan Ancestral Horned Toad, the evergreen broad-leaved forest stretches, the mountain streams are muddy, and the investigation team also encountered rare amphibians such as the pale-shouldered horned toad, the spiny-breasted frog, the Wuyi turbulence frog, and the Bingzhi fat salamander.
Biodiversity often attracts widespread attention because of the discovery of a new species of animal. As everyone knows, in the 17,300 square kilometers of land in Lishui, the forest coverage rate is as high as 81.7%, and some rare plants are also thriving in the dense forest.
A new record of species in Zhejiang Province found in the background survey of biodiversity in Lishui: Viola coral fungus
A new record of species in Zhejiang Province found in the background survey of biodiversity in Lishui: Sporangia spp
The surface is covered with a light brown, the fungus cover is thick, the stalk is slender, and the brown edge mushroom hidden between the dead leaves of the rotten wood surprised the investigators. Team member Hu Yaping introduced that the brown-edged mushroom has been identified as a new record species of large fungi in China, and its discovery has added a new record to the genus Mushroom in China, and has also refreshed the biodiversity record of Lishui City.
The emergence of new species is eye-catching, as is the recovery of some rare animal populations. According to the relevant person in charge of the Lishui Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, at present, the populations of species such as black chamois and yellow-bellied horned pheasant protected at the national level have been restored. The crowned finch and the brown-bellied great fairy wren are in stable populations in the Baishanzu National Park, the only distribution point in the province. What is even more valuable is that rare populations such as black-faced spoonbills, black bears, and ocelots are often found outside nature reserves.
Or soaring in the sky, or sleeping on the grass and trees, the silhouette of all things is a free and comfortable silhouette, which is a recognition of Lishui's good ecology and a vivid portrayal of Lishui's biodiversity.
You live in peace and I take good care of you
Find the tacit understanding between man and nature
Liu Derong, a villager and photography enthusiast in Huangyaokou Village, has recently had a new job, that is, he and the "shooting friends" spontaneously formed a protective team, came to the vicinity of the Mandarin Duck Valley on holidays, popularized the scientific knowledge of protecting birds to tourists, and urged them to lower their voices and close the car door lightly, so as not to disturb the normal work and rest of the Mandarin Duck.
In January this year, on the banks of Songyin Creek in Songyang County, the Chinese autumn sand duck arrived as promised. The Chinese Autumn Sand Duck takes clear rivers and reservoirs as its habitat, and is known as the "ecological environment weather vane".
More than 10 years ago, Songyang delineated the protected area in the activity area of the Chinese Autumn Sand Duck, and stopped any kind of fishing, sand mining, rock extraction and other environmental damage activities. In order to avoid photography enthusiasts or tourists from interfering with the life of the Chinese Autumn Sand Duck, Songyang has built a protection observation station, and the main project of the project has been completed, and professional observation rooms, river management rooms, observation decks, multi-functional halls and other facilities have been planned to gather human activities in one place and minimize the interference with the Chinese Autumn Sand Duck.
You live in peace, and I escort you. In any place, the formation of this tacit understanding is not an overnight achievement. Once upon a time, people and wild animals would also confront each other and not give in to each other. However, Lishui has made protection a priority and opened a new chapter of green development.
The macaques of Xianliang Town
5 years ago, Xianliang Town, Qingyuan County, would stage a "man-monkey war". The town's Qinglong Mountain is home to wild macaques. In autumn, hungry monkeys descend the mountain to "loot" farmland, and farmers do not show weakness, taking turns to keep vigil and set off firecrackers to drive them out.
What to do? The town decided to take a step back. They built a macaque paradise, set up a shed, prepared ingredients, hired administrators, and led the macaques to the park to "eat, drink and have fun". The caretaker also taught the villagers little tips for getting along with the monkeys. Gradually, the relationship between man and monkey eased, and the local government also built wild macaques as a tourism brand, attracting many photography enthusiasts and tourists, bringing fire to homestays and farmhouses, and the tourism economy was richly profitable.
Human beings' active "concession" is not a kind of progress for the protection of biodiversity? Not only to "give in", Lishui also tried every means to "pay" for the protection of animals and plants living in the territory. Suichang purchased public liability insurance for all wild animals in the territory, and the insurance company compensated for the property and personal losses caused by wild animals; Lishui City clearly required the urban land transfer to carry out "tree evaluation", determine whether there are ancient trees and famous trees in the plot and whether corresponding protection measures have been taken, and if necessary, change the planning and construction to protect the ancient trees and famous trees...
When dealing with the relationship between man and nature, Lishui always puts ecological environmental protection in a prominent position. In 2015, Lishui put forward the goal of "basically no industry outside the park and basically no non-ecological industry in the park", and so far a total of 5266 "low scattered" enterprises have been rectified, of which 717 have been integrated into the park, 1975 have been shut down and eliminated, and the ecological protection zone that restricts industrial entry accounts for 95.8%. According to the "Zhejiang Provincial Ecological Environment Status Evaluation Report", lishui ecological environment status index has been the first in the province for 17 consecutive years.
In addition to protecting the ecological environment with strong policy measures, Lishui has organized various events and festivals, inviting photographers, experts, youth groups and other groups inside and outside the province to explore the local ecological beauty together, so that the care of landscapes and rivers has become a conscious action of all citizens.
National first-level key protected animal - yellow-bellied horned pheasant
In the Bird Observation Invitational Competition, bird observation enthusiasts observed 133 species of birds in the Fengyang Mountain area of Baishanzu National Park, more than the total number of birds recorded in the historical records of Fengyang Mountain; biodiversity conservation achievements exhibition and video exhibition, biodiversity science popularization carnival activities, invited experts to teach science popularization online for Lishui junior high school students... A series of activities have been carried out to make the conservation of biodiversity a consensus of the public.
Take the initiative to find out the bottom of the family and rescue endangered species
Explore the sustainable use of ecological resources
Mankind has only one earth, but the earth does not belong only to human beings. Protecting biodiversity is the meaning of maintaining the vitality of the earth.
To this end, Lishui has taken the lead in planning the development plan for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use, facing the issue of biodiversity conservation, and formulating a series of priority actions and a number of key projects.
Yeosu conducts a background survey on biodiversity
Among them, the first of the priority projects for biodiversity conservation is to continue to carry out the background survey of biodiversity. At present, Lishui has completed a background survey of global biodiversity in Longquan, Suichang and Qingyuan counties and cities. Some refreshing technologies were used in the investigation: space-earth integrated information networks, infrared cameras, environmental DNA... We believe that more rare species and even new species will gradually enter our sights, encouraging the local people to continue to move forward on the road of biodiversity conservation.
At present, some initiatives are also being solidly promoted. In some villages, in order to avoid the loss of germplasm resources such as local crops, trees, flowers, livestock, poultry, and fish, people are making some attempts.
He Weizhong, director of the Tea Research Institute of the Lishui Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, recalled a research experience to reporters. He and his colleagues went to a remote village in Longquan Yanzhang Township and found some sparse old tea trees in the mountains at an altitude of about 700 meters, known locally as Longquan Yanzhang mountain tea. The village has long been abandoned, the villagers have moved to other places, the tea trees are unattended, and the old tea is gradually forgotten because of its bitter taste and small amount, and it is rarely circulated in the market.
These local species are in urgent need of rescue protection. He Weizhong's team picked the branches and leaves of some old tea trees and planted them in the tea germplasm resource garden of the Songyang base of the Lishui Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, as a reserve resource for regular observation, and carried out a series of propagation and renewal experiments on cuttings and grafting of tea germplasm resources. At present, 12 old tea resources such as Longquan Yanzhang mountain tea and Songyang Hengxi big tea have been planted in the resource garden.
"In the future, you may wish to look forward to the tea varieties suitable for matcha cake and cold brew tea." He Weizhong introduced that combined with the excellent traits of various germplasm resources, they are cultivating new varieties that meet market demand. At the same time, the Academy of Agricultural Sciences has also cooperated with some pharmaceutical companies to jointly build a rare medicinal plant conservation base to carry out the collection, breeding and promotion of rare medicinal plants.
This coincides with the planned actions to enhance the sustainable use of biodiversity. In addition to promoting local species, Lishui also combines the advantages of local biodiversity to create a boutique eco-tourism route.
Ye Shenghong, deputy director of the Lishui Ecological Forestry Development Center, was deeply touched by this. She believes that reasonable development and utilization can produce a series of social benefits, economic benefits and ecological benefits, which is undoubtedly the best protection. At present, Lishui has built 2 national and 4 provincial nature reserves, 6 national and 8 provincial forest parks, 2 national and 2 provincial wetland parks. Next, through forest parks, nature reserves, etc., eco-tourism, nature education and research and in-depth experience will be combined to drive the regional tourism industry and health care industry, and continuously promote the sustainable use of biological resources.