September 10 this year is the 37th Teachers' Day in China, and the theme is: Continue the original intention of the century and undertake the mission of educating people. So do you know when teachers originated? When was Teachers' Day established?
First, the introduction of knowledge
1. The teacher's history
The word "teacher" first appeared in the Book of Learning: "The teacher therefore learns for the sake of the king." "Teacher" originally referred to an elderly scholar, such as the "Records of History" records that "when King Xiang of Qi was the king, and Xun Qing was the most teacher", at that time it only referred to the scholar with the most respected age. The word "teacher" has evolved since then, but it has always changed from its original meaning. "Master" was originally the teacher of the monarch in the Spring and Autumn Period, and both master and master were honorific titles for teachers. Tang Dynasty Han Yu's "Teacher's Saying" "Teacher, preaching and teaching karma to solve puzzles", but also the "teacher's" profession elaboration is concise and clear; The word "old" is an honorific title for gongqing doctor in ancient times, and later the two words were combined together to call it "teacher", which became a title for the teaching profession.
In primitive society, education was carried out in daily life and labor practice, and the parents and elders were teachers. They educate future generations to manufacture and use tools for production, imparting labor experience and traditional behaviours of social life. Teachers became a specialized profession in the true sense of the word after the emergence of specialized educational institutions, schools. Schools in our country arose at the end of primitive society or in the early days of slave society. Ancient texts record that there were already universities in the time of Yao, Shun, and Yu, called "Cheng Jun". At this time, the school doubled as a place for the elderly and hiding rice. The elderly who have rich production experience and common sense of social life are gathered together and raised by the collective, and these elderly people naturally assume the responsibility of educating the next generation. Places of old-age care have gradually become schools for imparting knowledge. The teachers are these old people, and they have the initial ranks, that is, "national elders" and "old people".
The reason why "teachers" are called "divisions" is related to the army. At the beginning of the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to strengthen the ruling power of the army, the rulers began to run schools and train the children of the nobility. These aristocratic children mainly learned military skills such as archery and control in school, and then learned culture. Therefore, the teachers of the schools in the early Western Zhou Dynasty were all senior officers, and because their names had not changed, people called them "Shi" or "Shi Shi". With the progress of society and the development of cultural and educational undertakings, the number of civilian officials teaching has gradually increased, so that teachers have become the profession of some people in society. Since "teaching" is the main means of imparting knowledge, people gradually combine "teaching" and "teacher" to become "teachers".
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, when slave society was at its peak, the rulers attached great importance to education and had a high degree of monopoly, forming a situation of "learning in the official palace" and "officially keeping their studies", that is, the integration of politics and religion, the integration of officials and teachers, and the cultivation of ruling class governing talents. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the slave system gradually disintegrated, and the feudal system began to be established. Cultural education has also changed, and its main symbol is the decline of official learning and the rise of private learning. The royal family and princes were busy with war and social turmoil, and due to social changes, the monopoly of education by slave owners and nobles was broken, and the classics and cultural relics hidden in the official government were scattered among the people. The slave-owning aristocracy and those who had mastered a certain amount of cultural knowledge were exiled to the lower strata of society and became teachers of private schools. The educational process was separated from political activity, and teachers ceased to be officials and became a simpler, independent social profession.
At this point, teachers, as the product of the division of labor in ancient society, evolved from the primitive form of non-specialization integrated into productive labor in ancient times to the pan-specialization form of ancient school education.
2. The origin of Chinese Teachers' Day
The timing of "Teacher's Day" varies from country to country and region.
In 1931, educators Tai Shuangqiu, Cheng Qibao and other people from the Beijing and Shanghai educational circles gathered at the Central University in Nanjing to issue a declaration calling for "improving the treatment of teachers, ensuring the work of teachers and enhancing the cultivation of teachers", and agreed that June 6 would be Teachers' Day, also known as Double Six Festival. This Teachers' Day was not recognized by the Nationalist government at the time, but it had an impact across China.
Since then, in china's modern and contemporary history, teachers' day has been celebrated on different dates many times. It was not until 1985 that the Ninth Session of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress passed the Motion of the State Council on the Establishment of Teachers' Day, which truly determined that September 10, 1985 was the first Teachers' Day in China, hoping to achieve the purpose of respecting teachers and attaching importance to education through the establishment of this festival.
2. Form of investigation
This knowledge point is a memory-based test center, which requires candidates to focus on daily accumulation.
