Halogen flame retardants have good flame retardant effect and high efficiency. Among them, bromine flame retardants have high cost performance, strong flame retardant capacity, small impact on the performance of flame retardant substrates, and a wide range of applications. Therefore, among halogen flame retardants, bromine flame retardants are the most widely used.
Brominated flame retardants are still one of the largest organic flame retardants in the world, with a total global dosage of up to 300Kt/a, accounting for more than 20% of the total flame retardants. In recent years, the amount of brominated flame retardants in the United States, Western Europe and Japan has been about 80Kt/a, 60Kt/a, and 50Kt/a, respectively, accounting for 15%, 14% and 30% of the total flame retardants, while the other Asia-Pacific regions (excluding Japan) have about 100Kt/a and 60% respectively.
Common brominated flame retardants in domestic plastic products are decabromodiphenylethane, brominated epoxy resin, brominated polystyrene, decabromodiphenyl ether, tetrabromobisphenol A, octa bromo ether and so on.
1
Decabromodiphenyl Ether (DBDPO)
Decabromodiphenyl ether is a highly effective broad-spectrum flame retardant, widely used in rubber, plastics, fibers and other materials. Its structural formula is as follows:
2
Decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE)
As a new type of brominated flame retardant, decabromodiphenylethane has the same flame retardant properties as DBDPO, and the industrialization cost is comparable to DBDPO, which is the most ideal substitute for DBDPO, and is widely used in polymer synthetic materials, plastics, fibers, resins, etc. Decabromodiphenylethane is a wide-ranging wide-spectrum additive flame retardant, which has high bromine content, good thermal stability, good ultraviolet resistance, and low exudability compared with other brominated flame retardants; especially suitable for the production of high-grade materials such as computers, fax machines, telephones, copiers, home appliances, etc. However, the environmental pollution and toxic effects brought about by the widespread use of DBDPE have also attracted much attention. Its structural formula is as follows:
3
Brominated epoxy resin (BEO) and brominated polystyrene (BPS)
Brominated epoxy resins have high melt flow rates and good flame retardant efficiency as well as excellent thermal and light stability, and have become an important alternative to DecaBDE. The development of brominated polystyrene is similar to that of brominated epoxy resin, and it is also a flame retardant variety with rapid development in recent years. Brominated polystyrene has the advantages of large molecular weight, high thermal stability, good compatibility with polymers, etc., and does not produce carcinogens such as dioxins in combustion, and is widely used in engineering plastics, thermoplastics and so on.
4
Tetrabromobisphenol A
Tetrabromobisphenol A is mostly used in epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, polystyrene, SAN resins and ABS resins. In 2017, tetrabromobisphenol A was included in the List of Class 2A carcinogens published by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer. Tetrabromobisphenol A is a reactive brominated flame retardant with excellent flame retardant effect, so it is still mass-produced and used worldwide.
5
Octa bromide (BDDP)
Octa bromoether is the main product of tetrabromobisphenol A deep processing, and its flame retardant effect is better. As an additive flame retardant, octa bromide is a highly effective flame retardant with excellent thermal stability and light stability, mainly used in polypropylene, polypropylene, polypropylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin.
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