Peach tree grafting can play a role in breeding seedlings, early fruiting, improving varieties, improving resistance, enhancing tree potential, increasing yield, improving quality and other effects. To this end, many fruit growers often graft the peach trees in their orchards according to their planting needs.
In order to improve the survival rate and grafting effect of peach trees after grafting, we fruit farmers must master the timing of grafting, rootstock varieties and the choice of suitable scion when grafting peach trees, and at the same time master the correct grafting methods and correct grafting operations of peach trees, in addition to scientific management after grafting of peach seedlings.
In order to help everyone do a better job in the grafting management of peach trees, today's agricultural technology small back basket will tell you about the technical points on peach tree grafting, and those fruit farmers who have peach tree grafting plans may wish to take a serious look and learn.
First, the common method of peach tree grafting
There are three main methods of peach tree grafting: the first grafting method is budding, which is divided into "T" shaped bud joint, xylem bud joint, abdominal bud joint, etc., this method is mainly to graft the buds on the scion branch to the rootstock; the second grafting method is grafting, it is divided into splitting method, abdominal jointing method, cutting method and cutting skin joint, etc., this method is mainly the use of branch segments when the scion is grafted to the rootstock; the third kind of grafting is rhizome joint, this method is generally selected to be used in the winter peach tree dormancy period, This method is mainly grafted from the upper end of the root of the peach tree using scion, because this method is used less, and this article will not be introduced in detail.
From the perspective of the survival rate after the grafting of peach trees, when peach trees are grafted in spring, summer and autumn, the survival rate of the grafting method of budding is generally better, the survival rate of the grafting method is in the middle, and the survival rate after grafting of rhizomes is the worst.
Second, the best time for peach tree grafting
In general, peach trees in the spring, summer, autumn, winter can be grafted all year round, but different seasons of grafting need to use different methods, in addition, different seasons of peach tree seedlings after the grafting rate is also high and low, in most cases, peach tree grafting choice in the spring and summer grafting survival rate is the highest, autumn grafting survival rate is second, after October winter is generally not recommended that you carry out (rhizome method) grafting, because the survival rate after grafting is too low, in management is not as good as spring, Peach trees grafted in summer and autumn are easy to manage.
Under normal circumstances, the agricultural technology basket recommends that you choose to graft peach trees in spring and summer (between March and August), and try to avoid grafting peach trees in autumn and winter.
1. The best time for peach tree spring grafting
Under normal circumstances, the survival rate of peach trees grafted in spring is relatively high, and most peach farmers are accustomed to choosing to graft peach trees in spring. Because the temperature and humidity conditions in spring are more suitable, the growth activity of tree cell tissue is relatively strong, and the germination ability of peach trees is relatively strong, the wound healing speed of peach saplings after grafting is fast and it is easy to survive, on the other hand, the peach saplings after spring grafting are also very worry-free and trouble-free in management.
Normally speaking, the best time for spring grafting of peach trees is from March to April every year (agricultural technology small back baskets recommend that you choose to graft around the middle of March), and the earliest time of grafting is until the soil freezes and recovers, and the sap in the peach tree begins to flow before the peach tree sprouts. If the grafting time is too early, after grafting, it is easy to cause low temperature frost damage to peach tree grafting seedlings and grafting failure, if the grafting time is too late, it will reduce the survival rate of peach tree grafting seedlings.
2, the best time for peach tree summer grafting
Under normal circumstances, the survival rate of peach trees grafted in summer is also very high, and the majority of peach farmers also prefer to graft peach trees in summer. Because the high temperature and humidity in summer are more conducive to the growth of peach trees, and summer is also the period when the sap flow in the peach tree is the most vigorous and the growth vitality of the tree body is the strongest, and at this time, the new shoots of the peach tree are not fully developed, which is a good time to take the buds and graft them.
Normally speaking, the best time for summer grafting of peach trees is from July to August every year (the agricultural technology basket recommends that you choose to graft with buds around the middle of July, and it is best to choose the buds at the lower end of the developing branches or growing branches for scion grafting.
3. The best time for peach trees to be grafted in autumn
Under normal circumstances, the survival rate of peach tree grafting in autumn will be lower than that of spring grafting and summer grafting, although the wound healing rate after peach tree grafting is relatively slow at this time, but as long as the grafting method is appropriate, the survival rate of peach saplings after grafting is still relatively high.
Normally, the best time for peach trees to be grafted in autumn is around mid-September of each year, when it is generally necessary to select buds (scion) with petioles for grafting.
4, the best time for peach tree winter grafting
Under normal circumstances, the survival rate of peach trees grafted in winter is relatively low, and most peach farmers will not choose to graft peach trees in winter, but in order to let everyone know more about some knowledge, the agricultural technology basket is briefly mentioned here.
Under normal circumstances, the best time for winter grafting of peach trees is generally from November to January of the following year, that is, when the sap flow in the peach tree body is basically stagnant and the fruit tree enters the dormant period, the grafting method is generally the use of rhizome grafting, but the success rate after grafting is relatively low, and it is more troublesome in management.
Third, about the rootstock of peach tree grafting and its advantages and disadvantages
The survival rate of peach trees after grafting is not high, first of all, it depends on whether the affinity of the selected rootstock is good or not, and the better the affinity between rootstock and peach trees, the easier it is to survive after grafting. In addition, we graft peach trees in order to cultivate more excellent peach tree varieties and obtain higher fruit yields and quality, so when choosing rootstock tree species, we must consider the advantages and disadvantages of the grafting of various rootstocks. So --
First of all, the peach tree is a plant variety of the rosaceae family, so the rootstock used in grafting should choose the variety of the rosaceae family, and you can also use peach, apricot and plum. In general, the rootstocks with good affinity commonly used for peach tree grafting are mainly the following: three different, peach, mountain peach, hair cherry, etc., in addition, peach tree, almond tree, plum tree three tree species can also be grafted with each other. But these kinds of rootstock have their own advantages and disadvantages, we can choose flexibly according to their own needs, agricultural technology small back basket suggests that you choose a comprehensive and most commonly used mountain peach, peach, three unlike, hair cherry and other several.
The first: three unlike (a variety of mountain peach). The advantages are good graft affinity, high survival rate, fast growth, robust growth, good stress and disease resistance, early fruiting, and more flower buds, early flowering, flowering, high yield, large fruit, good quality. You can consider this rootstock when grafting.
The second type: woolly peach and mountain peach. Peach and mountain peach are similar in appearance, but they are not a variety. After grafting, the root system is developed, the growth is vigorous, the cold resistance and drought resistance are strong, and the waterlogging and high temperature resistance are also relatively resistant, in addition, the peach trees after grafting have early fruits, large size, and more sap, and the disadvantage is that the age and life of the trees are relatively short. The main characteristics of the mountain peach rootstock are drought resistance, cold resistance and alkali resistance, but it is not resistant to waterlogging and is also prone to root rot.
The third type: hair cherry (also called mountain cherry). The main characteristics of hair cherry is cold resistance, drought resistance, tolerance to barrenness, but the root system is shallow, not tolerant to salinity, not tolerant to waterlogging, in addition, after grafting can play a certain dwarf tree height effect on peach trees, but the disadvantage is that the graft affinity is slightly worse, the growth is slow, the growth is weak, the fruit is small, the main branch is easy to droop, the fruit branch is difficult to update, in addition to the peach tree flowering and fruiting period after grafting of hair cherry is slightly late, the fruit is small, and the fruit color is dark.
Fourth, the management of peach trees after grafting should keep up
10-15 days after the grafting of the peach tree, at this time we should check whether it is alive in time for 10-15 days, if the wound at the grafting interface is slowly healing, and the interface part becomes bloated, there is mucus flowing out, the new shoots are turquoise, and the petiole with the early grafting is touched off, then it means that we have successfully grafted, the grafting has become alive, and then checked every other week, and the newly germinated bud points on the rootstock should be erased in time to concentrate nutrients to promote the vigorous growth of grafted seedlings.
After the grafting interface on the peach tree grafting seedling is completely healed, we should remove the plastic film wrapped around the outside of the grafting interface in time (the petiole should leak out when bandaging the grafting interface) to prevent strangling the seedlings. At the same time, after the peach tree grafting seedlings are fully alive, the fertilization management should be strengthened at this time to promote growth and development as soon as possible, and the fertilization should be based on nitrogen fertilizer at this time, and urea water + potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be sprayed 1-2 times.
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