Yuwen Yu Shu
Liaojin painting refers to the general term for paintings created in the areas ruled by the Liao and Jin dynasties of China from 1100 to 787, using silk fabrics and locally produced cotton and linen as the carrier.
We know that the Khitan is a people that appeared in northeast China in the Middle Ages. In 916, the year of the fall of the Tang Dynasty, Yelü Abaoji unified the tribes to establish the Khitan State. In 947 AD, Yelü Deguang changed the name of the country to Liao, and until 1125 AD, the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao, and the Liao Dynasty ruled northern China for 209 years. According to the history of Liao and the books of the Song Dynasty, from the end of the Tang Dynasty to the chaotic years of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Liao land was relatively stable, and a large number of Han people fled to refuge, especially after the Later Jin Shi Jingyao ceded Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures, and the Agricultural Area of the Han People in Liao continued to expand. In 1115, the leader of the Yan clan, Ah Kuanta, established the Jin Dynasty, and Emperor Taizong of Jin succeeded him in destroying the Liao and Northern Song Dynasties, dominating the north and becoming a powerful dynasty against the Southern Song Dynasty.
The painting "Painted Monks Travel Map" is 1.82 meters long and 60 centimeters wide. Painted 6 monks.
Under the political, economic and cultural influence of the highly developed northern China at that time, the Jin Dynasty actively absorbed the Han cultural canon system and Han art. In 1127 AD, the Jin soldiers attacked the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and they captured some painters to the north, so that they could engage in painting activities in the Jin Dynasty region, and many of the paintings in the Northern Song court were scattered to the north. Under the influence of Han culture, Jin Zhangzong was good at poetry and calligraphy, and he loved painting, and he set up a calligraphy and painting bureau under the supervision of the government secretary. The Jin Dynasty also set up a picture office under the supervision of the Shaofu, "palm picture goldsmith". The Jin Dynasty collapsed in 1234 AD and has existed for 120 years in the long river of history. The dynasty was destroyed in 787 years ago.
Buddhism flourished with the support of the Khitan royal family. Many magnificent Buddhist temples and pagodas were built around the five capitals of Liaoning, Shangjing, Zhongjing, Xijing, Nanjing, and Tokyo. According to the survey, the number of Liaojin paintings collected by the people of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces is considerable. One of them is the liaojin painting "Painted Monks TravelIng", which is 1.82 meters long and 60 centimeters wide. There are 6 monks in total, each with a backlight behind his head with an aperture Buddha statue symbolizing light.
One of the "Painted Monks' Travel Maps" passed down from generation to generation
There is a Bodhi tree in Figure 1, and the monk standing on the side has a plump and full face, a broad forehead, a round face, and a kasha. He wears shoes on both feet, hands forward, his head slightly sideways, his expression dignified and quiet, slightly smiling.
The second part of the Liaojin painting "Painted Monks' Travel Map"
Figure 2 riding a white sheep monk is on his feet, one shoulder is bare, the other shoulder is dressed, and the cuffs and the lower part of the skirt often have a curved snake-like pattern. The shoulders are wide, the body is full, and the upper body is long, giving people a sense of grandeur and dignity.
The third part of the "Painted Monk's Travel Map" was passed down from generation to generation
Figure 3 riding a deer monk with a full body, a prominent chest, a strong body, three longitudinal stripes on the forehead, a large earlobe, a whisk of dust in his hand, and a colorful color.
The fourth painting of the "Painted Monk's Travel Map" was passed down from generation to generation
Next to the Bodhi tree in Figure 4, a standing monk with a wide nose and big eyes, a strong physique, a plump face, an obese body, and a slightly arrogant state. Long skirts with belts, clothing pleats are particularly overlapping and intricate. It was as if he were carrying a lantern in his hand.
The fifth painting of the "Painted Monk's Travel Map" passed down from generation to generation
Figure 5 has a man and a woman and two monks. The female monk seemed to be sitting on a stone, and there was a flowering orchid on the ground in front of her. The eyes are level, the face is plump and round, the face is clear and beautiful, the facial features are compact, and the expression is quiet and soft. Wearing a crown on her head and a glitter on her chest, she wore bracelets in both hands, raised one leg, and held a Zen staff higher than her head in one hand, and a large ball-shaped bead in the other. The young monk standing next to him folded his hands together, as if he were a waiter.
The characters in the "Painted Monk's Travel Map" have a plump face, a beautiful posture, a streamer flying, a rigorous and powerful pen, and a calm and beautiful color. The figure sits on the statue, with a strong body, a mighty momentum, full of energy, hair flying, and a pen sprinkled with changes.
The trees and sheep deer are vivid and elegant, the image is simple and the spirit is very strong, the sketches of grass and flowers are also lively, the characters are looking forward to the gods, the arrangement is orderly, and the strokes are smooth and powerful. The composition is rich in change in unity, with both form and spirit, and simple line drawing.
Observed under a magnifying glass, the texture of the Liaojin painting is called jute cloth in the northeast folk, and there are 3 arsenic seals, all of which are mineral materials, according to senior museum experts, this cloth and pigment production process has long been lost and cannot be copied.