Spring and Autumn period
Sun Wu (孙武), a soldier of the Bing family, sun wu (c. 545 BC – c. 470 BC), courtesy name Changqing, was a native of le'an (present-day northern Shandong Province) in the late Spring and Autumn period of the Qi state. Famous military figure, politician, honored as Bing Sheng or Sun Tzu (Sun Wuzi), also known as "Bing Jia Sheng", known as "the master of the Hundred Generations of Soldiers" and "the originator of Oriental Military Science".
At the Battle of Baiju, he led the Wu army to defeat the Chu army, occupied the capital of the Chu state, Yingcheng, and nearly destroyed the Chu state. Sun Tzu's Art of War, written by him, occupies an extremely important position in the history of military history, military scholarship and philosophical thought in China and even in the world, and is one of the most famous models of military science in the world.
Warring States period
The famous physician Bian Que (劉鹊), a native of Qin yue (407 BC – 310 BC), also known as Bian Que (陳鹊), surnamed Ji (姬), qin (秦氏), also known as Lu Yi (楇驿), was a native of Zheng (present-day Renqiu, Hebei), one said to be a native of Luyi, Qi (present-day Changqing, Shandong). Famous doctors in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, together with Hua Tuo, Zhang Zhongjing and Li Shizhen, were called the four famous doctors of ancient China, and were known as the ancestors of Chinese medicine.
Bian Que studied medicine in Changsangjun when he was young, and was good at using four diagnoses: Wangwen Qingqi, especially pulse diagnosis and Wangzhi to diagnose diseases, and was proficient in internal, external, gynecological, pediatric, facial features and other departments, and was famous all over the world. Later, in Xianyang, he was killed for being jealous of the Qin physician Li Dai.
Thinker, politician, founder of the Mo family, Mo Zhai, Mo Zi (c. 476 BC - about 390 BC), name Zhai, late Spring and Autumn Warring States early Song people, descendants of the Song noble Muyi, founder of the Mojia school, thinker, educator, scientist, military.
Mozi is the only philosopher of peasant origin in Chinese history. He put forward the views of "simultaneous love", "non-attack", "Shangxian", "Shangtong", "Tianzhi", "Ming Ghost", "Non-Life", "Non-Pleasure", "Festival Burial", "Festival Use" and so on. Mojia and Confucianism are called "Xianxue", which is called "non-Confucian that is, ink". Mozi created a set of scientific theories with outstanding achievements in geometry, physics, and optics. After Mozi's death, his disciples completed the book "Mozi" and passed it on.
Construction craftsman Lu Ban, Lu Ban (507 BC - 444 BC), Ji surname, Gong Luo clan, ming ban, known as Gong Lou Pan, Gong Lose, Ban Lose, honored gong loser (also known as Lu Pan or Lu Ban), Lu Guo people in the Spring and Autumn Period, famous craftsmen, was respected by later generations as the ancestor of Chinese craftsmen.
There are many legends in China about Lu Ban's contribution to the construction and carpentry industries, many of which are believed to be the tools and construction rules of his design, which have been used to this day, and his name has become a symbol of the wisdom of the working people in ancient China.
Thinker Gu Liangchi, author of the old title "Spring and Autumn Valley Liang Biography". During the Warring States period, the Lu people. At first, only oral theories were circulated, and it was only in the Western Han Dynasty that they were written as "The Biography of Liang in the Spring and Autumn Valley". The "Spring and Autumn Gu Liang Biography", also known as "Gu Liang Chunqiu" or "Gu Liang Biography", is a work of the Jinwen Jing school, which began in the year of Lu Yin (722 BC) and ended in the fourteenth year of the Duke of Lu'ai (481 BC), and the genre is similar to the "Biography of the Ram", interpreting the scriptures in the form of questions and answers, focusing on the "righteousness" of the "Spring and Autumn", holding that it is more upright than the "Biography of the Ram", and is an important source for the study of ancient Confucianism.
Han dynasty
Lou Jing, a high priest in the early Han Dynasty, later changed his name to Liu Jing because of Liu Bang's surname, and was a native of the State of Qi in the Early Western Han Dynasty. Lou Jing, as a pawn of the State of Qi, was being sent to The Shubian of Longxi, and his fellow general Yu introduced him to Liu Bang, and the capital of Chen should not be built in Luoyang but in Guanzhong. Liu Bang was suspicious and undecided, and Zhang Liang explicitly stated that he would take the establishment of the capital Guanzhong as a convenience and set the capital Chang'an. He was given the surname Liu ,Worship as LangZhong (郎中), and was given the title of Feng Chunjun (奉春君).
In the seventh year of Han Gaozu's reign, he sent an envoy to the Xiongnu, believing that it was impossible to defeat the Xiongnu, but Liu Bang, instead of listening, took him to Guangwu. Liu Bang first arrived at Pingcheng, but the main force did not arrive, and Mao Dundan poured out the troops of the whole country, taking advantage of Liu Bang's inspection of Bai Deng, to surround Liu Bang's regiment. After Chen Ping relieved the siege of Baideng, Gao Zu returned to Guangwu, pardoned Liu Jing, confessed his mistake to his face, and sealed 2,000 households as the Marquis of Jianxin. Lou Jing suggested making peace with the Xiongnu and relocating more than 100,000 descendants of the Six Kingdoms and the Qiangzong Hao clan to Guanzhong.
Three Kingdoms period
Sun Yan, a scribe, an exegeticator, and disciple of Zheng Xuan, was a Chinese scribe during the Three Kingdoms period. Zi Shuran, a native of Le'an (present-day Boxing, Shandong). Under the influence of Zheng Xuan, he was known as the "Great Confucian of Dongzhou". He was the author of "Zhou Yi Spring and Autumn Example", and wrote notes for "Mao Poems", "Li Ji", "Three Biographies of Spring and Autumn", "Chinese", "Erya" and "Shang Shu", and his "Erya Yinyi" had a great influence.
Nanbokucho
Historiography has Cui Hong, Cui Hong's family background, not only rich in the tradition of historiography, but also his high-ranking surname, but also provides superior conditions for his writing. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Cui clan was the first-class Gaomen clan in the north. Cui Hong's uncle Cui Guang (崔光) was a highly respected senator of the Tuoba Dynasty and an important historian of the Northern Wei Dynasty. From the age of 30, he served as a writer and participated in the revision of the history of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and died of illness at the age of 73, Cui Guang spent most of his life in the history department, which may have influenced Cui Hong's historiography. Cui Hong himself is also rich in talent and learning. The Book of Wei called it "a good reader, a comprehensive history of the classics", and was famous in Luoyang for his talents. Throughout his life, he went through the three dynasties of Filial Piety, Xuanwu and Xiaoming, and his career path was relatively smooth, and in addition to his ministry, he was entrusted with the post of history.
Agronomist
(Date of birth and death unknown), a native of Yidu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, was an outstanding agronomist in ancient China and was revered as a "nongsheng".
He believes that the development of agriculture has a very important role in the prosperity of the country, so he traveled all over the world to study agricultural production technology. Around 533-544, through analysis, collation, and summary, he wrote a comprehensive agricultural book "Qi Min Zhi Shu", which had a profound impact on the agricultural science of later generations.
Tang dynasty
Fang Xuanling (579 – August 18, 648), place of birth is disputed, one said that the qi prefecture Linzi County (present-day Zibo City, Shandong Province) people, the other said that the first said Jinan City, Shandong Province, Zhangqiu people, tang dynasty politician, prime minister, one of the twenty-four heroes of LingYange, together with Du Ruyi, known as "Fang Mou Du Duan".
He was one of Li Shimin's powerful advisers, participated in the xuanwumen revolution, and was the first to join Du Ruqian and five others. After Li Shimin ascended the throne, Fang Xuanling was appointed Zhongshu Ling (中書令) and was responsible for overseeing the affairs of the dynasty for twenty years. He participated in the formulation of the canonical system, supervising the revision of the national history "Records of Gao Zu" and "Book of Jin". He adjusted government agencies, was good at employing people, scrupulously fulfilled his duties, and became a model for future generations. In 648, he died of illness and was posthumously awarded the title of Taiwei (太尉), with the courtesy name "Wen zhao" (文昭), and was worthy of the temple court of Emperor Taizong.
Qin Qiong (571–638), courtesy name Shubao, was a native of Licheng, Qi prefecture (present-day Jinan, Shandong), a famous general of the late Sui and early Tang dynasties, and one of the twenty-four heroes of Lingyange.
Qin Qiong was originally a Sui general, and successively served under Lai Hu'er, Zhang Sutuo, and Pei Renji, and was famous for his bravery and martial prowess. Later, he defected with Pei Renji to Li Mi, the leader of the Wagang Army, and after the defeat of Wagang, he turned to Wang Shichong, and later defected to Li Tang with Cheng Yaojin and others. After surrendering to the Tang Dynasty, he accompanied Li Shimin in his southern expedition to the northern war. After the unification of Tang, Qin Qiong was plagued by illness for a long time and died in the twelfth year of Zhenguan (638). Before his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Duke of Xuzhou and Duke of Huguo, known as "Zhuang".
Song dynasty
The literary scholar Chao Shuzhi (1053 – 1110 AD), courtesy name Wu gui , was a Han Chinese scholar from Juye , Jeju ( now part of Juye County , Shandong ) , and a famous writer during the Northern Song Dynasty. He is one of the "Four Scholars of Sumen" (in addition to the Northern Song Dynasty poets Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, and Zhang Qian). He served as a bureaucrat and a rebbe langzhong. Gong calligraphy and painting, can poetry, good literature. Together with Zhang Qi, it is called "Chao Zhang". His prose language is condensed and fluent, and his style is close to Liu Zongyuan. Poetics Tao Yuanming. Its words are bold and bold, and the language is clear and clear, close to Su Shi. But his poems exude a strong sense of negative retreat. Su Shi said that his literary and dialectical prowess was magnificent, and he was far from the world. He is the author of "Chicken Rib Collection", "Chao's Piano Fun Outer Chapter", etc., and the famous articles include "Zhaobitang Record", "Gongcuitang Record", "Youzhutang Record" and so on.
Female lyricist Li Qingzhao (March 13, 1084 – c. 1156), courtesy name Yi'an Jushi, was born in Jinan, Qizhou (present-day Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong Province), a female lyricist of the Song Dynasty, a representative of the Euphemism school, known as "the first talented woman in the ages".
She is good at books and paintings, and she knows golden stones and poetry. Her lyrics have been passed down through the ages and are known as "a large number of lyricists". In the early stage, his words are more written about his leisurely life, and in the later stage, he laments his life and his mood is sentimental. He is the author of "Li Yi'an Collection", "Yi'an Jushi Anthology", and "Yi'an Words", which have been scattered.
The anti-Jin hero and famous patriotic poet Xin Shuyi (May 28, 1140 – October 3, 1207), originally named Tanfu, later changed to You'an, Jiaxuan, Shandong East Road, Jinan Province, Licheng County (now Sifengzha Village, Yaoqiang Town, Licheng District, Jinan City). The Southern Song Dynasty was known as the "Dragon of Words", collectively known as "Su Xin" with Su Shi, and "Jinan Er'an" with Li Qingzhao.
Born in the Jin Dynasty, Xin abandoned his illness and returned to the Song Dynasty as a teenager, and served as a pacification envoy in Jiangxi and a pacification envoy in Fujian. After being ostracized by the Lord and the faction, he retired to the mountain residence. In 1207, he died of illness and was posthumously awarded the title of "Zhongmin". Xin abandons the word style "passionate and heroic, wind and flowing", representing the highest achievement of the Southern Song Dynasty. There are more than 600 extant words, including the collection of words "Jiaxuan Long and Short Sentences" and so on.
Yuan Dynasty
The famous poet and composer Du Renjie (c. 1201-1282), originally known as Zhiyuan ,also known as Zheng , zhongliang , was also known as "Fu" ("fu" also known as "甫"), also known as Zhixuan. A native of Changqing, Jinan (now part of Jinan, Shandong). Yuan Dynasty composer. The Book of Recorded Ghosts lists him as "a deceased ancestor." "He was entered by Jin Into yuan, jin dynasty Zhengdazhong, Ma Ge, Zhang Cheng and lived in seclusion in the mountains of Neixiang. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, he was repeatedly recruited. Sex is good, only to learn macro. Pingsheng and Yuan are good at asking, and there are poems to pay each other. Yuan Haowen had twice recommended to Yelü Chucai, but he "could not afford to express his gratitude," and did not come out. His son Du Element, who served as an envoy to Fujian Minhai Province, was given the title of Hanlin Chengzhi (汉林承意) and Zishan Dafu (資善大夫) after his death because of his son's gui.
Zhang Yanghao (1269-1329), a composer and writer of the Tang Dynasty, was a famous composer of the Yuan Dynasty, a famous composer of the Yuan Dynasty.
Zhang Yanghao is good at poetry and literature, and is known for his scattered songs. His works include "Advice on Three Matters", "Guitian Draft", "Hillside Sheep Tong Cares for The Ancient" and so on. Zhang Yanghao had a talented name at a young age, and he traveled to the Beijing Division for a long time, and he was surprised that he had dedicated his book to Pingzhang. He was promoted to supervise the imperial history, and spared more than 10,000 words of the time and government. Li Guan Hanlin Zhi Bachelor, Rebbe Shangshu. Ming Zhu Quan's "Taihe Zhengyin Score" calls its song "like a Yushu Linfeng".
Ming dynasty
The famous poet and literary scholar Li Panlong (May 12, 1514 – September 18, 1570), also spelled Yu Ling, was a famous writer of the Ming Dynasty. Following the "First Seven Sons", together with Xie Hazel and Wang Shizhen, he advocated the literary retro movement, and was the leader of the "Later Seven Sons" and was revered as a "master of sect work". The main alliance literary circle for more than 20 years, its influence extended to the early Qing Dynasty. He was longer than the Seven Words, but later generations also criticized his poems as "blind Tang poems".
The writer and poet Yu Shenxing (1545~1608) can be far away and has no dirt. Shandong Dong'a people. Ming Dynasty politician, scholar, poet, and writer. During the Wanli Dynasty, he served as a rebbe Shangshu and a scholar of Dongge University. Yu Shen was loyal and old-fashioned, familiar with the canons of previous dynasties, and made great contributions to the construction of the ceremonial system of the Ming Dynasty. His literary attainments are also extremely high, and he is known as Feng Qi. The "Qi Feng" proposition has its own connotation and causes, and at the same time has had a profound impact on future generations. Yu Shenxing is the author of "Gushan Pen Crane" (18 volumes), "GuchengShanguan Anthology" (42 volumes), "Guchengshanguan Poetry Collection" (20 volumes), "Reading History" (10 volumes), and compiled the "Yanzhou Fuzhi".
Qing Dynasty
Literary scholar and pharmacist Wang Xiangjin (1561~1653) Ming Dynasty literati, official, agronomist, bypass medicine. The characters 荩臣,子進, also the word Sanjin, the word Kanghou, the number Kangyu, the self-titled farmer. A native of Huantai New Town (present-day Shandong). His compilation of the Genealogy of the Fangs of the Flock is a tome in the early 17th century in China on the production of a variety of crops and some issues related to production.
The economist Zhang Erqi (1612~1678) was born in the 40th year of the Wanli Calendar of emperor Ming shenzong and died in the 16th year of the Qing Dynasty Emperor Kangxi at the age of 66. All beings are clear, and they do not seek to attain enlightenment. The house where he lived was not repaired, and his adoptive mother. The four brothers of the group talk about three generations of ancient Texts in front of their mothers, and they are happy as they are. His wife, Zhu Wanwan, insisted on the woman's way, advised Erqi not to come out, and Liao taught the township to end. Famous scribe of the Ming and Qing dynasties. There are biographies in the Qing History Manuscript Ru Lin, and there are introduction entries in the Cihai, Ciyuan, and Chinese Dictionary of Famous Names. He was willing to undertake the service on his behalf for more than 30 years, and on his deathbed, he also instructed his sons to undertake the service for his uncle.