Text/Zhang Kefu
After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, while reorganizing the central organs of the state, he also made zhuzi kings, allowing them to "control the key points and divide the sea." From the second year of Hongwu (1369), the "system of kings" was implemented, and 23 sons were successively divided into various parts of the country. Among them, nine kings were enfeoffed to important places along the Great Wall, namely Qin, Jin, Yan, Dai, Su, Liao, Qing, Han, and Gujiu. Among them, there were five kings who were sealed in the territory of present-day Gansu Province, and four of them had come to Gansu to take the domain. They were: King Su of Ganzhou, King Min of Minzhou, King An of Pingliang, and King Han, who was later renamed King An, and King Qing, who was temporarily stationed in Qingyang in Ningxia. Zhu Yi, the Prince of Su who was enfeoffed in Ganzhou (present-day Ganzhou District, Zhangye), was the fourteenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, born of a concubine, and was initially crowned King of Han. The royal palace was initially stationed in Ganzhou, but was moved to Lanzhou in the first year of Jianwen (1399).
Because Gansu is located in the border area, King Su is also included in the List of Sai Wang. At the time of the first feudalism, the kings of the clans, especially the kings along the border, held considerable military power. The Biography of the Kings of the Ming Dynasty says: "There are 3,000 armor guards as few as 3,000, and as many as 19,000." "King Su's subordinates had three guards, commanding envoys, two Guards, and one Yiwei Division, and according to the Ming Dynasty military system, the strength of each guard was 5,600 people. It can be seen that the army commanded by King Ming Su in the early days far exceeded 15,000 people. According to records, there was a commander of the Middle Guard under the Zhu Yu Mansion, commanding two members of the Tongzhi, in addition to 194 pieces of weapons and 1298 pieces of firearms. However, since Emperor Jianwen, through Yongle and Xuande, the power of the king of the clan has been gradually reduced.
[Retelling the History of Long] Those things that the three kings of the Ming Dynasty did in Gansu
After King Su moved to Lanzhou, he used his financial and material resources to build a large-scale Suwang Mansion near the Yellow River, and at the same time assisted the local government in carrying out large-scale construction of Lanzhou City. With the central square of the Chengguan District of present-day Lanzhou City as the center, an inner city with a circumference of six miles and 200 steps was built. In order to meet the aristocratic life of the Su kings, they built a large number of living facilities in and around Lanzhou City, and built many temples and gardens on the north and south mountains, making Lanzhou gradually become the political, economic and cultural center of Gansu. The surviving Golden Heaven Temple and the Baiyi Temple Pagoda are all built by the successive kings of Su.
From the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu (1392) Zhu Yu was crowned king of Su, to the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643) Zhu Zhifeng was killed, passing on the 9th 11th king, 251 years. His lineage was: Zhu Yi the Prince of Zhuang, Zhu Zhanyan the Prince of Kang, Zhu Lupi the Prince of Jian, Zhu Gong of Gong, Zhu Bi of Ding, Zhu Shentuo the Prince of Huai, Zhu Jin (Fire Ten Gui) the Prince of Yi, Zhu Shenyao the Prince of Xian, and Zhu Zhifeng the Last King of Su. Zhu Zhenshu, the eldest son of King Gong of Gong, died early and was posthumously honored as the King of Jing, and Zhu Jinjiong, the eldest son of Zhu Gongjiong, the Prince of Ding, also died before his father, and was posthumously honored as the King of Zhao.
Tomb of King Su of Yuzhong: Tomb Chamber No. 1
The tomb of King Su is located at the peak of Laizibao In Yuzhong County, and is known as the "Thirteen Tombs of Lanzhou". Buried respectively were Zhu Yi the Prince of Suzhuang, Zhu Zhanyan the Prince of Kang, Zhu Lupi the King of Jian, Zhu Gongxi the Prince of Gong, Zhu Zhenshu the Prince of Jing, Zhu Bijiong the Prince of Ding, Zhu Jinjiong the King of Zhao, Zhu Shentuo the Prince of Huai, Zhu Jin the King of Yi (Fire Ten Gui), Zhu Zhifeng the Last King of Su, and Lady Xue, the wife of Zhu Shenyao the Prince of Xian. The tomb of King Su'an is in Xipuziwan (present-day Shangxiyuan, Qilihe District) in the western suburbs of Lanzhou, and the tomb of King Suxian is in Zhoujiashan (present-day Xijinping, Xiguoyuan Township, Qilihe District) 20 miles southwest.
Most of the tombs of King Su in Laizibao Township, Yuzhong County, were stolen, but the brick arch burial chambers were relatively intact. Tomb No. 1 is the joint burial tomb of the first generation of Su Wang, Zhu Yi, and Princess Sun. Zhu Died in the seventeenth year of Ming Chengzu Yongle (1419). The entrance to the tomb is about ten meters above the ground, and the underground palace has three gates and five burial chambers. The first door is hewn from a whole piece of Shaanxi Fuping blue strip stone, each door is 2.5 meters high, 2.2 meters wide, the door shaft diameter is 24 cm, and the lintel is made of whole stone strips. The first burial chamber is 6 meters long, 6 meters wide and 10 meters high at the top. Arched. The second gate is wooden, 2.5 meters high and 2 meters wide, and the burial chamber is 6.3 meters long, 3.3 meters wide and about 10 meters high. There is a hall on the left and right of the burial chamber, which according to the prescribed rules, should be the place where the concubines are placed. Through the brick tomb passage of about 1.14 meters wide, 1.9 meters high and about 1.9 meters deep, we enter the auxiliary hall with a length of 6 meters, a width of 3 meters, and a height of 6 meters. The third burial chamber is 6.7 meters wide, 5.8 meters long, and has a ceiling height of about 12 meters, where the coffin is placed. On each of the three walls of the burial chamber are arched shrines offering sacrifices.
In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), Li Zicheng's troops attacked He Jin through Lanzhou. The rebel army entered the Su King's Mansion, the palace was in chaos, the princess and servants fled everywhere, and fled to the northern city of Princess Yan, Zhao and others to touch the Su Wang's poetry monument in the Yunlou Cave and died. The last Su king, Zhu Zhifeng, under the burden of guarding Zhang Ding, escaped from the water cave, was captured by He Jin's subordinates at Jingyuan Tashi Fort, and was sent to Xi'an. Li Zicheng ordered Zhu Zhifeng to be executed, and Zhang Ding was released to return home because of the savior's loyalty. It is also said that after He Jin attacked Lanzhou, Zhu Zhifeng hid in the camp of the chief soldier, was denounced by the state people, and killed in the camp.
Schematic diagram of the han king's mansion
Zhu Yang, the Prince of An who was enfeoffed in Pingliang, was the twenty-second son of Zhu Yuanzhang, who was made the Prince of An in the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu (1391), and in the sixth year of Yongle (1408) he went to Pingliang to take the domain, and died in the fifteenth year of Yongle (1417), honored as the King of Anhui, and was buried in the oil house on the north bank of the Jing River in Anguo Township, Kuntong District, Pingliang City. Since he had no sons, the fief was revoked. Succeeding King An of his fief was the son of Zhu Song, the King of Han. Zhu Song was the twentieth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, and Hongwu was crowned king at the same time as King An in the twenty-fourth year (1391), and his initial fief was in Kaiyuan, Liaodong. Due to the long-term war and chaos in the Kaiyuan area, it was extremely unstable, and it had not been able to go to the domain. In the fifth year of Ming Yongle (1407), Zhu Song died in Nanjing and was revered as king of Han Xian. Zhu Song's son Zhu Chong (火十) succeeded to the title of King of Han. In the fifth year of Xuande (1430), King Han went to Pingliang to take the domain. There are 11 generations, and the tenth is in Pingliang. His lineage was: Zhu Song the Prince of Xian, Zhu Chong the Prince of Gong (Huo Shi or), Zhu Fanyuan the Prince of Huai, Zhu Fanyang the Prince of Jing, Zhu Zhengyi the Prince of Hui, Zhu Kai (僝十充) the Prince of Mourning, Zhu Kaihao (僝十充) the Prince of Kang, Zhu Xu (Mu Shiqian) the Prince of Zhao, Zhu Rongxuan the Prince of Ding, Zhu Lang (Zhu Lang of the Duan King), and Zhu Kai(Zhu Qi, the last King of Han).
The Han King system produced a total of 35 county kings. There are Qingyang King, Gaoping King, Weiyuan King, Longxi King and so on. According to the "Chronicle of Pingliang Province", during the Ming Jiajing period, There were 1 prince in Pingliang, 19 county kings, 40 zhenguo generals, 79 auxiliary generals, 212 fengguo generals, and 339 lieutenants; there were also hundreds of county princes and yibin such as wang daughters and wang daughter husbands. In addition, there are tens of thousands of officials and service personnel at all levels.
The location of the Han King's Mansion is west of the north gate of Pingliang City, around which it is up to 5 miles. King Gong Of Zhu Chong (Huo Shi or Huo) applied to the imperial court to build it on the grounds that the an imperial palace was too small to live after the pingliang of the domain. The Shaanxi Capital And The envoys of shaanxi province built a large number of civil engineering projects to build the Han Dynasty Palace. According to the regulations of the ming dynasty's royal palace, there are the Lingxing Gate, the Duanli Gate, and the Carrier Gate, and there are the Carrier Hall, the Cunxin Hall, the Dongfu Palace, the Bingzhong Hall, the Shende Hall, the Huidi Hall, the Yuyuan Hall, the Lanxiu Building, the Guanhua Building, the Jinxiang Pavilion, the Tiliang Pavilion, the Yongchun Garden, the Juchun Garden, etc., with a grand scale. In the Han Dynasty, there are Chengfeng Division, Ji Shan Division, Dian Bao, Dian Dining Office, Good Medical Office, Gongzheng Office, Ceremony Office, Guangshou Warehouse, Guangshou Warehouse, Driving Warehouse, as well as external management agencies left Long History Division, Right Long History Division, Code Book Hall, Trial Office, Worship Office, Ceremonial Guard Division, Group Pastoral Office, etc. By the time of Jiajing, there were 510 guards. The kings of Han and Su used their power to plunder and plunder, and even broke the Ming Dynasty's rule that no clans were allowed to operate private property, occupying land and opening shops to maintain their lives.
Unlike King Su, the Han kings of the early and mid-Ming dynasties all embraced Buddhism, and they built a large number of monasteries in Pingliang. Wang Yuanhan, a Jingning jinshi in the Ming Dynasty, wrote: "The Eastern View floats up to seven floors, and the Zen room lists the night lanterns. Han Fan is a good Buddhist and has many monks everywhere. "Later generations of Han kings embraced Taoism. Most of the eight platforms and nine palaces and twelve courtyards of Kuntong Mountain were built by the King of Han.
In 1643 (the sixteenth year of Chongzhen), The peasant rebel Army Li Zicheng led He Jin to lead 240,000 people on a western expedition, and the states and counties along the way fell on the wind, and the Pingliang soldiers and civilians also opened the city gate to welcome the peasant army into the city. The last Han king, Zhu Qituo, fled to Qingyang and was captured by the peasant army. The Han Dynasty continued for 212 years.
In the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu (1391), Zhu Yuanzhang made his sixteenth son Zhu Li the Prince of Qing, stationed in Qingyang Guwei Prefecture. In the 26th year (1393), King Qing moved his domain to Ningxia (present-day Yinchuan).
Most of the successive Kings of Su and Han were lackluster, but King Suxian was a person who had made outstanding contributions to Gansu culture. The Sufu Ben "Chunhua Ge Ti" that he organized the craftsmen to engrave is a fine work.
"Chunhua Ge Ti" rubbing
The Chunhua Ge Ti (淳化阁帖) is the first large-scale Fa Ti in China ordered by Emperor Taizong Zhao Guangyi of the Song Dynasty to compile and engrave in the third year of Chunhua (992), and is a treasure in the Fa Ti. Later, the engraving was destroyed, and the Tuoben "Chunhua Ge Ti" became a treasure passed down from generation to generation. When Zhu Yi was the King of Su, Zhu Yuanzhang awarded a copy of the "Chunhua Pavilion" with thick ink and vigorous writing, and the font was vibrant.
In the forty-third year of the Wanli Calendar of emperor Mingshen (1615), King Suxian ordered the famous gusu people Wen Ruyu and The Nankang people Zhang Yingchang to engrave the "Chunhua Ge Ti" in stone. They turn against the twilight, and if they face dharma, the snow will not retreat. It lasted 7 years and was completed in the first year of the Ming Dynasty (1621). There are 144 pieces of Shaanxi Fuping stone, most of which are engraved on both sides, and after carving, they are hidden in the Zunxun Pavilion of the SuWangfu, called "Suwangfu Ben", also known as the "Zunxun Geben". It is known as "Sufu Ben". The carved stone gestures are clear, and the imitation is exquisite, which is the wonderful intention of Song Tuoben. In praising the Chunhua Pavilion, the "Outline of the Song Dynasty" said: "The Ming Dynasty carved the Cabinet Thesis, with the Sufu Ben as the best, and the most spoken languages. "It is a fa-the-the-fa-the-plagiaristic rough that exists earlier, more elaborately carved, and well-preserved.