In the Yuan Dynasty, Baidu Encyclopedia was as follows:
1271-1368, was the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in China's history, the capital city of Dadu (Beijing), the fifth emperor and eleventh emperor. A hierarchical four-class system was introduced throughout the country: Mongols; Semites; Han Chinese; and Nanren (collectively known as the Han people in the Jiangnan region after the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty). The four-class system further intensified social contradictions, and in less than a hundred years, uprisings continued and repression never stopped. Today, I would like to talk about the magnificent peasant uprisings in the last years of the Yuan Dynasty.
The peasant revolt at the end of the Yuan Dynasty is a general term that refers to a series of armed struggles fought by the Chinese Yuan Dynasty peasants to overthrow the Yuan feudal rule in September of the eleventh year of the Yuan Shun Emperor to the 27th year of the Reign of the Yuan Dynasty (1351-1367).
The rebels had several major forces and established separate regimes
1. Han Shantong, Liu Futong uprising
In the eleventh year, the peasant revolt broke out, known in history as the Red Turban Army. In the fifteenth year of Zheng, Liu Futong supported Han Shantong's son Han Lin'er as emperor in Bozhou, changed the name of Yuan Longfeng, the country name was Great Song, the history was called Han Song, the capital was Kaifeng, and Han Lin'er was called Xiaoming Wang. The Red Turban Army throughout the Central Plains successively accepted the leadership of the Great Song Dynasty. (Han Shantong was the leader of the White Lotus Sect, liu Futong was his disciple, in the follow-up uprising struggle, Han Shantong lost and died, and on his deathbed, he instructed Liu Futong to continue the uprising, and later Liu Futong established Han Lin'er as emperor.) Twenty-three years later, Zhang Shicheng besieged the city of Anfeng, the city was destroyed, and the national hero Liu Futong was sacrificed. Later, Han Lin'er was held hostage by Zhu Yuanzhang in the melee in various places. In 1366, Han Lin'er was sent to sink into the river and died.
Although the Han and Song dynasties failed, in the anti-Yuan struggle, thirteen years before and after, hundreds of battles, large and small, dealt a heavy blow to the Mongol feudal dynasty, laying the foundation for the eventual fall of the Ming Dynasty.
Stills of Han Lin'er
2. Zhang Shicheng uprising
Formerly known as Zhang Jiusi, the leader of the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, was a hero of the annihilation of the Yuan, to the first month of the thirteenth year, Zhang Shicheng joined his brother and seventeen other salt people (Zhang Shicheng was a smuggler of salt), held a riot, the salt people pushed Zhang Shicheng as the leader, the rebel army grew to tens of thousands, captured taizhou capital, to the thirteenth year, occupied Gaoyou, claimed to be the king of Cheng, the name of the country was Great Zhou, and the year name was Tianyou. He fought successively in the Yuan Dynasty, Fang Guozhen, and Zhu Yuanzhang, and was finally defeated by Zhu Yuanzhang, escorted to the Ming capital Ying Tianfu (Nanjing), and hanged by bows and arrows.
3. Fang Guozhen uprising
Fang Guozhen, also known as Fang Guzhen, a native of Taizhou, was the leader of the peasant rebel army in eastern Zhejiang at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and made a living by selling salt. In the eighteenth year of Zhizheng (1348), thousands of people revolted with his brother and others. In the struggle against the Yuan, the time fell against the times, and in the seventeenth year of Zheng, Zhang Shicheng was defeated at Kunshan, forcing Zhang Shicheng to surrender to the Yuan. In the eighteenth year of Zhengzheng, he surrendered to Zhu Yuanzhang, during which he still accepted the official title of Yuan Dynasty, and Hongwu died of illness in the seventh year (1374).
Statue of Fang Guozhen
4 Xu Shouhui revolted
Alias Xu Zhenyuan, leader of the Red Turban Rebellion at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. In 1351, he and Zou Pusheng gathered a crowd to revolt in Puzhou, and later established a state here as emperor, with the year name Tianquan and the capital city of Hanyang. At its peak, it reached millions, but its forces were too dispersed, and it was defeated by the Yuan court, retreated to Meishanzhong, and was killed by the general Chen Youyi. Grand Marshal Ming Yuzhen disobeyed Chen Youzhen, retired to Shuzhong, proclaimed himself the King of Shu, established a political power, the state name Bactria , known in history as Ming Xia, died of illness in 1366, and the Ming Xia regime was destroyed by the Ming army.
Xu Shouhui
5. Chen Youyi revolted
The Hubei native Chen Youyu was a general of Xu Shouhui's army, who killed Xu after Xu's defeat, established himself as the King of Han, established a Han regime in Wuchang, known in history as Chen Han, attacked Zhu Yuanzhang, fought with Zhu Zhu in Poyang Lake, and died of an arrow in the middle of the breakout, at the age of forty-four.
6. Zhu Yuanzhang's uprising
Leader of the peasant revolt at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, a native of Fengyang, Anhui. In the twelfth year of Zhizheng, he participated in the Rebellion of the Red Turban Army of Guo Zixing in Haozhou, initially as a pro-soldier, and then heroic and good at war, and gradually became the leader of the rebel army, and in the twenty-fourth year of Zhizheng, he proclaimed himself King Wu. After the great defeat of Poyang Lake, zhang Shicheng was encircled and suppressed, and in 1368 he was proclaimed emperor at Yingtianfu, with the era name Hongwu, the national name Daming, and the history called the Ming Dynasty.
Hu Jun's version of Zhu Yuanzhang
Well, here we talk today, welcome advice.