Recently, the 2021 Nobel Prize in Economics, Physiology, Chemistry, Physics and other awards have been spent on various awards, and Chinese scientists have once again lost their hands. However, in the Three Kingdoms era more than 1,800 years ago, there was a genius inventor who, on his own, invented and improved more than a dozen artifacts such as weaving machines, guide cars, watersliders and stone-blowing machines in a short period of time, and improved and perfected Zhuge Liang's crossbow machine. At one time, he was strongly praised by Emperor Wei Mingdi, and was praised by the people of the time as a technical pressure Luban. If the time goes back and the Nobel Prize moves forward, he will surely win several awards, and even winning awards in a row is very likely. Who is he?
He was Ma Jun, the great inventor of the State of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. Ma Jun, the character Deheng, the Fufeng of the State of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period, when he was born and died, is not recorded in the history books. Ma Jun came from a poor background, stuttered from an early age, and was not good at talking. However, he is good at using his brain and being diligent in his hands-on work, especially obsessed with the principles and production of machinery.
About eighteen years old, Ma Jun was recommended by his parents in his hometown to luoyang, the capital city, and became a technician of the "Royal Academy of Sciences". In the Academy of Sciences, Ma Jun was not treated as an onion, and there was nothing else to do except sweep the water and sweep the floor to help people get a courier. Most inventors have two common characteristics - idleness and love to ponder. The same is true of Ma Jun. In his spare time, Ma Jun often went to the textile workshop in the palace. Because the looms at that time were stupid and thick, the workers operating the machines were often exhausted, sweaty, and hard, but the production efficiency was extremely low. After seeing Ma Jun from a poor family a few times, his heart was troubled, so he had the idea of improving it.
Aya is a smooth jacquard silk fabric, and the weaving machine is the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancient Chinese, as for what time? Invented by whom? Not only is there no longer any evidence to date, but even the Three Kingdoms era in which Ma Jun lived cannot be found. At that time, this kind of weaving machine had one hundred and twenty treadmills, and the workers stepped on it with their feet, used their hands to straighten the silk, stepped on it on the one hand, and rationalized it at the same time, because of the complicated operation, at that time, it often took more than two months to weave a flower yarn. Later, this weaving machine was improved several times, but by the time of the Three Kingdoms, there were still more than fifty pedals, and it was still not easy to operate.
Ma Jun went deep into the production workshop for several days in a row, observing and pondering at the same time, and after a month, he redesigned and manufactured a new type of weaving machine. The new weaving machine not only reduced the number of treads, but also greatly improved the structure and craftsmanship - from the original fifty pedals and more than a dozen people to twelve pedals and three people. After this change, the weaving machine is not only exquisite and convenient, but also the production efficiency is doubled, and the woven flower silk pattern is exquisite, and the flower type is varied, which is widely praised by many beautiful women in the palace.
The new weaving machine not only increased production efficiency, but also improved and improved the status and treatment of Ma Jun. A month later, Ma Jun was promoted to assistant engineer. After the drying of Ma Jun, the enthusiasm and enthusiasm for work increased greatly, and soon after, he showed a small hand.
Once, on a drizzly morning, Ma Jun chatted with Gao Tanglong, a regular attendant on horseback, and Qin Lang, a general on horseback, chatted back and forth, and talked about the guide car. Takado Takashi was self-righteous: "It is said that there were guide cars in ancient times, but they are not found in the literature, and I think this is just a beautiful legend." Qin Lang also echoed. Ma Jun did not think so, and said: "Foolishly, the guide car, this should be there." In principle, building a guide car is not a big deal. Gao Tanglong smiled coldly after hearing this, while Qin Lang shook his head and said to Ma Jun with a bit of sarcasm: "Mr. Jun's name is Deheng." Jun is a model of manufacturing instruments, weighing is the standard of quantitative items, you have no mold, and you may not be able to take what as a guide car? Ma Jun smiled shallowly and said confidently: "It is better to try it and be easy to do." Gao and Qin then spoke to Emperor Cao Rui of the Ming Dynasty. Cao Rui was worthy of the word Emperor Ming, and immediately ordered Ma Jun to try it.
The so-called guide car, that is, a tool to identify the direction. It is said that more than 4,000 years ago, when the Yellow Emperor and Xuan You were fighting, Xuan You once cast a ecstasy array on the Yellow Emperor. However, the devil is one foot tall, and the dao is one foot high. Soon after, our brilliant ancestor, the Yellow Emperor, built a guide car. Relying on the guidance of the guide car, the "Yellow Army" not only broke the Ecstasy Array, but also defeated Xuan You in one fell swoop. Legend has it that 3,000 years ago, the Yue clan in the south sent envoys to pay tribute to the Zhou Dynasty, but because of the long distance, the mountains and rivers were repeated, and they lost the route back - they could not find the south. At that time, Zhou Gong, a rare intelligent and morally perfect person in history, learned about it and built a guide car to give to him. The emissaries of the Yue clan relied on this artifact to return home. If these stories are just a legend, but in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a great inventor Zhang Heng who really invented the guide car, but unfortunately Zhang Heng's method of making the guide car had been lost by the time of the Three Kingdoms.
That is to say, during the Three Kingdoms period, people only learned from the legend that there was such a thing as a guide car, but no one had ever seen what a guide car looked like. After Ma Jun received the edict from Emperor Wei Ming, in the absence of information and no model, with a strong spirit of not accepting defeat, after intensive study and repeated experimentation, after more than ten days, he finally made a guide car and successfully ended this controversy with practical actions and established facts.
It is said that the guide car made by Ma Jun, on the battlefield full of war and smoke, no matter how the chariot is bumped, the fingers of the wooden people on the car always guide accurately, and from then on, "the world obeys its cleverness."
As his fame grew, Ma Jun's space and vision continued to expand. Soon after, when Ma Jun was out for a walk, he found that in Luoyang City, there was a large slope land that was very suitable for growing vegetables, and many people also wanted to open up this land into a happy farm, but unfortunately, the land was far from the water source, and many people had to give up after trying several times. After Ma Jun saw it, he felt very sorry, so he moved his mind to invent a water wheel.
The so-called water wheel, in ancient times, was called a rollover. It is rumored that at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a man named Bi Lan once built a rollover car, which was undoubtedly the world's first, but the rollover at that time was still relatively rough and the efficiency was not high. This rollover also has a nickname - keel water wheel. The rollover or keel water wheel has now withdrawn from the stage of history, but it can still be seen in many tourist attractions in the south. This water wheel mainly applies the principle of gear linkage, and lifts water through the wooden bucket bound on the chain to achieve the purpose of irrigation. In the Three Kingdoms, it is estimated that this kind of overturning car has not yet been popularized in the Luoyang area, otherwise, the people will not sigh in anticipation.
After Ma Jun returned, after more than a dozen days and nights of hard work, he finally developed a new type of water wheel. The water wheel is mainly composed of sinks, sprockets, chains, etc., one end is in the water, the other is on the shore, by stepping on the sprocket set on the shore, the water is slowly lifted to the shore, and then through the water canal repaired in advance, the water is transported to the field. The water wheel made by Ma Jun is both light and labor-saving, not only available to adults, but also run by children, "its ingenuity is a hundred times more than usual" - the efficiency of water lifting is 100 times that of the past, so it has been generally welcomed by the public.
If the above inventions are still somewhat borrowed or icing on the cake, and the successful development of "Water to Hundred Plays" is completely Ma Jun's initiative.
Once, a local official presented a kind of puppet to Emperor Wei Mingdi, and these hundreds of puppets were exquisitely shaped, but unfortunately, these puppets were only puppets, which could neither move nor turn, and after playing with them several times, Emperor Ming felt tasteless and abandoned them. One day, emperor Ming met Ma Jun in the palace, and he casually asked, "Can you make these puppets active?" Ma Jun looked at it, nodded, and replied, "Yes!" Emperor Ming was very happy and ordered Ma Jun to try it.
More than ten days later, Ma Jun successfully created the "Water Turn Hundred Plays". He used the water as a power to transport the wooden wheel through the water flow, so that many puppets all moved. Drumming, gong beating, dancing, sword playing, riding horses, pushing carts, and some even jumping on ropes, standing upside down, all kinds of tricks, and indeed a hundred puppets and a hundred plays.
Just when Ma Jun was buried in the creation of inventions, the fierce war between the Wei and Shu states was in full swing. At that time, Zhuge Liang, a great warrior of the Shu Kingdom, invented a sharp weapon that could fire bows and arrows in succession in battle--the repeating crossbow. It can fire ten arrows at a time, which is very powerful. After the Wei army picked up this artifact on the battlefield, they were greatly surprised. Ma Jun, who was already old and faltering at that time, saw the crossbow and thought that although this weapon had many advantages, it still had shortcomings, and if it was improved, it could be increased by another five times its power. Five days later, Ma Jun made an improved crossbow, tried it on the battlefield, and the effect was very good.
The so-called no most peculiar, only more peculiar. During the Battle of Guandu at the end of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao used the "stone car" to attack Yuan Shao's position, and the result was that Yuan Shao's nose was blue and his eyes were swollen, and he was looking for teeth on the ground, but although this "stone car" was magical, it also had a fatal weakness, that is, it could not be fired continuously, and it was not efficient - as long as the enemy hung a few wet cowhide sheets in front of the position, it could block the stone, and the power of the stone car was suddenly reduced. After Ma Jun discovered this drawback, he redesigned a new siege weapon, the rotary stone launcher. After it was made, Ma Jun used this car for experiments, and in the test, dozens of bricks and tiles could be shot out of a distance of hundreds of steps in a row, which at that time could be described as a unique ultimate killer. In addition, Ma Jun also invented many other weapons such as farming tools and chariots.
However, these artifacts invented by Ma Jun were ridiculed and ridiculed by some celebrities. At that time, there was a famous scientific authority in the Royal Academy of Sciences, Pei Xiu, who was obviously an adult in science and a child in science, and out of prejudice, he opened his eyes and talked nonsense, thinking that Ma Jun's inventions were all strange and obscene, worthless, and not worth mentioning. However, fu Xuan, a literary master at that time, believed that these inventions of Ma Jun were "the essence of the country and the use of the military.".
Once, Fu Xuan said to Hou Caoxi of Anxiang: "Mr. Ma invented a heavy weapon of the country, only a few logs and two or three manpower, you may as well let it be generalized." Cao Xi thought it was justified, so he relayed Fu Xuan's suggestion to Cao Shuang, the actual ruler of Cao Wei at the time, but Cao Shuang ignored it. Seeing this, Fu Xuan shook his head and sighed in his heart: "Mr. Ma is a famous skill, he is still not valued, he is a profound talent, and he is nameless... Mr. Ma's cleverness, although guluban, can not pass also. ”
Ma Jun has many inventions in handicrafts, agriculture, military and other aspects, and is the most outstanding inventor of the Three Kingdoms period, which can be called a generation of mechanical masters. However, due to the limitations of the times and the reasons of the system, many of Ma Jun's inventions and creations have not received due attention and put into production practice, which is regrettable.
References: Chen Shou: Romance of the Three Kingdoms Fan Ye: Book of the Later Han Dynasty Mu Jun: "China's Outstanding Inventor Ma Jun"
Author: We invite the author to laugh in the bush