Zhihu @朕 said
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty...
The trend of dynastic change...
"Dead rats in the east, dead rats in the west, people see dead rats like tigers." In the streets and alleys, this folk song gradually spread.
Ming Chongzhen fifteen years.
Li Zicheng's large army of peasants revolted under the city of Beijing.
And that's when the plague is rampant.
The "Ming and Qing dynasties Xiaoice period" led to frequent natural disasters, environmental degradation, drought, locust plagues, etc., which led to hunger and starvation.
From the beginning of the Wanli calendar year, plague began to appear in Shanxi. In the sixth year of Chongzhen, there was an epidemic in Shanxi, and there was a major epidemic in the whole territory of Shanxi in chongzhen for ten years. Near Beijing, in 1643 AD (the sixteenth year of Chongzhen), Tongzhou, Changping Prefecture, baoding province all had a major epidemic, and introduced to Beijing, Chongzhen seventeen years, the Beijing epidemic entered the peak, the peak period is between March and April.
Li Zicheng attacked the city of Beijing, and the Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself.
At this historical moment in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Qiankun shifted, changed dynasties, and natural and man-made disasters fueled the waves.
The plague that mixed the water in it played a certain historical role.
The famous class A disease
Class A infectious diseases, referred to as "Class A diseases"; in accordance with the provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, the epidemic prevention station is reported by telephone within 2 hours in the city and within 2 hours in the rural area. Among them, plague is called "disease 1" and cholera is called "disease 2".
Plague, the first of the 39 notifiable infectious diseases.
The Masque of the Red Death
In Edgar Allan Poe's horror short story "The Masque of the Red Death," the symptoms of the unlucky men infected with the Red Death bear similarities to the symptoms of cholera.
And this Red Death is nothing more than the feared Black Death, or plague, which was born in the Middle Ages.
Rod-like bacteria
The Plague
Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis pestis pestis, has a number of characteristics such as strong infectivity, diverse routes of infection, high mortality rate, and fast death rate.
And how did the plague, which is the first of the 39 statutory infectious diseases, spread?
Wild rat
The Source of The Rat Disease
As the name suggests, plague originated in rodents, or rodents, and was spread to humans through fleas that parasitize the bacterium-carrying rats.
In general, normal fleas on normal mice:
(1) More picky eaters: there is a fixed host, and there are few cases of "eating tired of rat blood, changing human blood to taste fresh".
(2) Once can inhale blood equivalent to several times or even more than ten times their own body weight, after a few months without eating will not starve to death, there is no need to "just bite the rat with bacteria and immediately go to bite people".
(3) It is a blood-sucking organism, and in theory, it should not inject the inhaled bactericidal rat blood into the human body.
And mosquito bites don't spread AIDS, right?
But Y. pestis is such a "character" that when it enters the digestive tract of fleas with rat blood, it causes a series of earth-shaking changes:
(1) Multiplying in the digestive tract of fleas to the point of forming embolism and blocking the digestive tract of fleas.
(2) Fleas that "how to eat will not be full", even if normal, they are hungry and become "heartless madness". Driven by hunger, fleas desperately look around for a source of blood to be sucked... So humanity suffered.
(3) Because the digestive tract of the fleas has been blocked by Y. pestis, it "cannot swallow" when it sucks human blood, and the pressure in the digestive tract is too large, but the blood containing Y. pestis is spit out.
Thus, the plague was passed on to mankind.
Northern China is the natural source of plague, with sporadic cases of plague every year.
@doctorxx
Prevention and prognosis
Prevention: Those who are diagnosed with pneumonic plague should be isolated from the respiratory tract, while bubonic plague only needs to be prevented by careful hand washing.
Prognosis: In the past, the case fatality rate of bubonic plague ranged from 20% to 70%, and since the application of antibacterial drugs, the case fatality rate has dropped to about 5%. Patients with plague such as lung, sepsis, and meningeal type have hardly survived without specific treatment, and now if they are treated early and actively, they can turn the crisis into safety.
Of course, if you want to prevent infectious diseases, you naturally need to:
(1) Control of the source of infection
(2) Cut off the transmission route
(3) Protection of susceptible persons
These three points to start.
Prevention of infectious diseases
summary
I believe that now, we will not be too unfamiliar with the plague.
It is such a big brother of plague who relies on rats and fleas to ascend to the throne, as if "on the table", and has become a rich stroke in the history of human disease struggle for thousands of years.
P.S.
In the struggle with plague and other diseases, a series of famous doctors, including Wu Youke and Wu Liande, have emerged.
They practiced medicine in the world, hung pots and made outstanding contributions in the field of medicine, and also left an indelible pen and ink in the history books.
Click on the link to jump:
Wu Youke, the originator of plague science, is a master of traditional Chinese medicine forgotten by history
Wu Liande: A doctor who should not be forgotten
• end •
Acknowledgement
Zhihu @kmlover @朕 said
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