People who study ming history often feel headaches. In addition to the Manchu Qing Daxing text prison and the repair of the "Four Libraries and Complete Books" destroyed a lot of historical materials that are difficult to verify, it is also related to the literati of the Ming Dynasty who left historical materials. This group of literati did contribute, but the text left behind was often found out to be nonsense, which was very hot.
For example, the following ones.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > Mao Qiling wrote the history of the wild into the main history</h1>
Mao Qiling is probably unfamiliar to most people, he is the teacher of two of the Eight Monsters of Yangzhou (Jin Nong and Chen Zhuo), and he is also one of the historians who repair the History of Ming, and can be said to be a historian of the Eight Classics of Zheng'er. However, not knowing what was going on, Mao Qiling hated Emperor Mingxianzong's Concubine Wan Guifei very much, so he started a crooked idea, and in the "Records of the History of Tong Shi of the Victorious Dynasty" that he wrote, Wan Guifei mutilated Ji and Ming Xiaozong's mother and son, as well as a number of palace concubines.
But in fact, the most recent historical material from the era of Wan Guifei, "Records of the Ming Dynasty", does not have these evil deeds at all, at most it only says that Wan Guifei is favored, her life is relatively luxurious, and there is no mention of harmful things. The key is that the "Records of Emperor Mingxianzong" or Emperor Ming Xiaozong Zhu Youfan asked people to repair them, if Wan Guifei was really so vicious and mutilated their mother and son, would Ming Xiaozong let go of the vicious acts of accusing Wan Guifei in the "Records of Ming Xianzong"?
You should be able to feel that the "Records of the History of The Victorious Dynasty" is a wild history. In fact, it is, and it was copied from another wild history, Taniyama Pen Dust. Its author, Yu Shenxing, lived during the Wanli Period, and the book directly confessed that the old eunuch who came from the imperial palace in the twelfth year of the Wanli Calendar told him. The time is about a hundred years away from the age of Wan Guifei, which is also dare to believe?
Probably because the Wan Guifei in the wild history represents the power of the powerful and is a label that is deeply hated by the readers, so Mao Qiling wrote it into the "History of Ming".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" > ji liuqi "make good use" of rhetoric</h1>
The late Ming historian Ji Liuqi wrote a rare historical book "Ming Ji Beiluo", which is recorded like this: Li Zicheng, the change of Jiashen, invaded the Beijing Division and copied out 37 million taels of silver and 10 million gold, and 37 million gold ingots made during the Yongle years but not used for many years.
Li Zicheng copied so many goods from his home, and it was also very magical that Ji Liuqi could obtain this data, but it was necessary to calculate this money. In ancient times, one or two gold was about 800 silver, and if it was all converted into silver, it was 37 million + 800 (10 million + 37 million) = 37637 million two silver, which was simply an astronomical number.
The average fiscal income at the peak of the Ming Dynasty was about 20 million taels of silver, which was about to be collected in 1882; the average fiscal income of the Qing Dynasty at its peak was about 80 million taels of silver, and it was also necessary to collect 470 years; the highest year of the Nine Sides, Beijing Branch, and Liao during the Apocalypse was 10.78 million taels, and the money copied out by Li Zicheng was enough to give Daming another life of 3491 years; one or two silver in ancient times was equivalent to the current 900-2000 yuan, even if calculated according to the minimum 900. There are also 33.8733 trillion yuan, which can offset our fiscal revenue for several years, you can calculate it yourself.
I ask you, can you believe it?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="13" > Feng Menglong "changed his career" to write history</h1>
When Feng Menglong was 70 years old, coinciding with the change of Jiashen, Li Zicheng invaded the Beijing Division, and then Wu Sangui led the Qing troops into the pass, which can be said to be a national disaster. So the novelist Feng Menglong changed his career to writing history, quickly collected a wave of historical materials to record it, and the famous "Jiashen Chronicle" came out.
However, because of his age, Feng Menglong could not examine the historical materials like a professional historian, and as a result, he casually compiled some hearsay things into the "Jiashen Chronicle".
One of the "Yandu Diaries" says this: Chongzhen reactivated Cao Huachun, and Cao Huachun, because he had served Wei Zhongxian, said to Chongzhen that if Wei Zhongxian was there, he would not be able to do so. As soon as Chongzhen heard that it made sense, he ordered people to rebury Wei Zhongxian. At the end, Feng Menglong did not forget to lash out, which was really a wrong move.
However, Cao Huachun was Wang An's man and a sworn enemy of Wei Zhongxian. After Wei Zhongxian killed Wang An, he demoted Cao Huachun to Nanjing, and later Chongzhen came to power, and Cao Huachun was still the main person in charge of liquidating the castration party. In other words, Cao Huachun had never served Wei Zhongxian at all, and it was even more impossible to overturn Wei Zhongxian's case. It can be seen that this is a false rumor that can no longer be false, and I did not expect that Mr. Feng Menglong used it in a vacuum because he looked very legendary.
As a result, Coke spoiled a number of castrated party remnants, and quickly quoted and tampered with it, saying that "Wei Zhongxian is here, not to this" The person who said the sentence became Chongzhen, and the big book special book How Chongzhen regretted it and how to miss Wei Zhongxian.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="19" > it is not advisable to treat history with the mentality of writing a novel</h1>
Because of the limited space, only three literati of the late Ming Dynasty are listed, but they are all representative. Mao Qiling represents the literati of the official history team, Ji Liuqi represents the literati who privately revise history, and Feng Menglong is a genuine wild history novelist. They either hearsay wild histories are written into history books without examination; or they use rhetorical techniques to distort a data and distort historical materials; or just because the story sounds more legendary, whether it is true or false, it is written into a work that does not know whether it is historical data or a novel.
They all have one thing in common, not rigorous! But as soon as they talk nonsense, they have caused trouble for those of us who come after us, because it is really difficult to dispel rumors.
On the one hand, it is because ordinary people love to listen to stories, how wonderful and how to come, do not care about authenticity, once brainwashed, it is difficult to break over.
On the other hand, the Ming Dynasty, especially the late Ming Dynasty, is rich in historical materials, mixed with the Donglin Party, the Eunuch Party, and the Qichu, Zhejiang, Kunqin, and other factional literati who attack each other and create texts, which are true and false, false and true, and the rigorous examination steps are very cumbersome, the common people are easy to listen to, and the articles that debunk rumors are unwilling to read.
Not to mention ordinary people, even a great literary hero like Jin Yong was deeply influenced by these literati who wrote history as a novel. Over time, there are still rumors in the society, and it is really tiring.
I suggest that if possible, it is better to revise the "History of Ming".