Daehan Village Bronze Plate
The ancient Xue River descends from the mountains in the northeast of Zaozhuang City, and after the "Fan Li Lake" in the north of Taoshan Mountain is gathered in many ways, it exits the pass of Liangli Village, turns sharply north around Wangyuan Village, and forms a Xue River Delta with hills in the east and plains in the west under the rushing XueShui alluvial. The beautiful and rich Penglai Three Villages are located in the western foothills of the hills, which have a long history and are well-known. In 2011, the southeast site of Laicun was identified as a municipal cultural relics protection unit by the Zaozhuang Municipal People's Government, and in 2013, it was identified as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit by the Shandong Provincial People's Government, and a protection scope of 206,000 square meters was demarcated. According to the "Shandong Xue River Basin System Archaeological Survey Report", "The southeast site of Qianlai Village is located on the low hilly slope southeast of Qianlai Village, with a total area of 206,000 square meters and rich relics. The collection of relics includes the Longshan culture, the Western Zhou, the Eastern Zhou, the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the Song and Yuan dynasties. "In this 3 square kilometer land, there are many historical sites, including the Penglai Pavilion in the Spring and Autumn Period, the crown tomb of Zhang Shigui of the Tang Dynasty, the hometown of Zhang Xiaochun, the old Zhang Xiaochun of the Jin Dynasty Pavilion, the tomb group of the famous Painter Zhang Huan of the Southern Song Dynasty, the tomb group of the descendants of Li Sancai, the minister of the Wanli Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, etc., especially the tomb site of the Eastern Zhou nobles in Dahan Village that is recently being excavated, and nearly a thousand cultural relics have been excavated, which have aroused great concern from the archaeological circles at home and abroad. Among the excavated cultural relics, on a bronze piece, the inscription "Father Gongke chose his Jijin for his yuan use". From the analysis of the inscription, this cultural relic may be related to the state of Xiaoyi, that is, the state of Xiaoyi. It was about the area around the east of today's Tengzhou City and Shanting District in Zaozhuang, and it was not far from Guanqiao Town. Coupled with the fact that the tomb group is separated from Sanlai Village by only one river (Xiaowei River), "moving lai to Yuyu" has become a topic of discussion among cultural scholars. The author was born in Si, grew up in Si, the origin of Sanlai Village and the origin of the migration to Ni, please correct the Fang family.
2. The fall of the Kingdom of Lai
Ni Gongke father Ge
In the spring of 2017, the tomb robbers unveiled a tomb group that had been sealed for more than 2,000 years, because of the extremely high specifications of the tomb group, and unearthed the inscription "Gongke Father Chose Qijijin as His Yuan" bronze Ge. From the analysis of the inscription, this cultural relic may be related to the state of Xiao, that is, the state of XiaoYi. This has led to a heated discussion about "moving to Ni".
The Kingdom of Lai is an ancient kingdom with a long history established by the Gulaiyi people. Laiguo is one of the four ancient kingdoms in Shandong after Qi, Lu and Ju. Laiyi is a large branch of the Shandong indigenous Dongyi ethnic group, named after "Laishan", good at fishing and hunting, with birds of prey as a totem, originated in the eastern part of the Shandong Peninsula, and gradually developed into a tribal fang state, that is, entered the stage of the state, and established the Lai state in the area of present-day Huang County, Shandong (there is Laizi City in the southeast of Huang County, Shandong), and the Shang Dynasty began as a hou state. From the western Zhou To the Spring and Autumn Period, the approximate range of laiguo stretched from laiwu to the east, Boshan and Yingqiu in the west to the coastal area of Huangxian in the east. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the power of the Lai state was quite strong, and at one point it competed with Jiang Taigong for yingqiu. The Battle of Yingqiu ended with the victory of Jiang Taigong and the defeat of the Lai state. Since then, the Lai state may have submitted to the rule of the Zhou Dynasty.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Qi was powerful, and in addition to continuously expanding its territory to the west, it also continued to annex the land of other countries to the east. The "Chinese Qi Language" says: The Duke of Qi Huan "is the number of years, there are many adulterers in the southeast, Lai, Ju, Xu Yi, Wu, Yue, the First World War marshal served the Thirty-one Kingdoms". Lai was one of the "Thirty-One Kingdoms" conquered by Duke Huan of Qi in the early years. At that time, although the State of Lai had not yet perished, the State of Lai had already superficially submitted to the State of Qi, and perhaps some of its territory had been taken by Qi.
"Four Libraries of the Whole Book: Interpretation of spring and autumn in the day"
In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, during the Reign of Duke Hui of Qi, the power of the State of Qi developed eastward on a large scale. Thus began the conquest of the kingdom of Lai. At this time, the purpose of the conquest of the kingdom of Ley was to annex the country of Ley. In 602 BC (the seventh year of the Duke Hui of Qi), the State of Qi began a formal military campaign in Valle. "Spring and Autumn, Seven Years of Xuangong": "Xia, the guild Qihou Valai, Gong to Zifalai." "In 600 BC, Qi raised Valai again and destroyed Genmu, a neighboring neighbor to the south of the Lai state. In this way, Qi isolated and besieged the lai state from the south, preparing for the next step of destroying Lai. In 567 BC (the fifteenth year of the Duke of Qiling), the Duke of Qiling destroyed Lai. According to the "Sixth Year of the Duke of Xiang of Zuo": "In the sixth year of the Duke of Lu Xiang (567 BC), in November, Qi Hou destroyed the state of Lai, which was caused by the state of Lai relying on scheming. In April, Yan Wei built a city in Dongyang, and the Qi army piled up tushan around the city, next to the female wall of the city of Laiguo. On the fifteenth day of the month of the death of Duke Huan Huan, Wang Huan led his troops and the People of Zhengyuzi and Tangyi to meet the Qi army, and the Qi army defeated them. On the twenty-seventh day, he entered the country of Lai. Lai Gongfurou fled to Tangdi, Zheng Youzi and Wang Xiang fled to Juguo, and the Juguo people killed them. In April, Chen Wuyu offered the treasures in the Lai Guozong Temple to Xianggong. Yan Weak besieged Tangyi, destroyed it in early December, and moved the people of lai to Yudi. Gao Hou and Cui Zhu presided over the demarcation of the land boundaries for the allocation of Lai. ”
Genmu Yubi
The State of Qi not only destroyed the monarch of the Lai State and destroyed the Lai State Ancestral Temple, but also forcibly relocated the people of the Lai State, leaving no possible opportunity for the Lai State to recover at all, and the Lai State was completely destroyed. The Spring and Autumn Left Transmission of Justice Volume 30 contains: The seventh year of Xianggong (567 BC), November 11, "Moving to Yu". Kong Yingda Shuo: "Justice: 郳 is Xiao Yi. In the second year, it was said that Teng, Xue, and Xiao Yi did not arrive, and they all died together. Xiao Yi was attached to Qi, so he destroyed the Lai kingdom and detoured his king to Xiao Yi. ”
(To be continued)
Zhang Biao is the vice chairman of zaozhuang folk writers association and vice president of Tengzhou Guxue Culture Research Association. Engaged in the collection, research and collation of folklore and local humanistic history, the editor-in-chief of the "Zaozhuang Mining Area Folklore" won the second prize of the Zaozhuang Federation of Social Sciences Outstanding Achievements, and the other authors of "The Biography of Zhang Shigui, a Famous General of the Tang Dynasty", etc.
This article was first published in the "Ancient Xue Culture Research Society", and reprinted to spread more local culture.