Forecast of the occurrence trend of major diseases and pests of crops in Tumut Right Banner in 2019
According to the occurrence of major diseases and insects in Tuyou banner crops and the results of the results of the results of the source of overwintering insects in autumn 2018, combined with the meteorological forecast of Tuyou banner in 2019, the temperature in 2019 was 0.1-0.5 °C higher than that of the same period of the year. The annual precipitation in most areas is close to the annual annual 260-360 mm. The average temperature in March and May is slightly higher, and the precipitation in spring is less, and the precipitation in summer (June-August) is more than usual, which is not conducive to the occurrence of dry-loving diseases and insect pests such as double-spotted fireflies, leaf aphids and aphids. It is conducive to the occurrence of moisture-loving pests such as corn borer and armyworm. It is expected that the trend of several major diseases and pests of crops in 2019 in Tuyou banner is as follows:
First, the occurrence trend of diseases and insects in the field:
Beet weevil, wheat stalk fly, armyworm, sunflower rust, sunflower sclerotia, and grass borer are mild; small ground tigers are mild and moderately occurring; wheat aphids are moderately mild; double-spotted firefly is light and moderately occurring, corn red spiders are less severe than last year, and maize powdery mild disease is moderately occurring; Corn borer is moderately occurring.
(1) Small land tigers
Small land tigers are underground pests, and the occurrence is related to the winter temperature, the level of the overwintering base, and the prevention and control factors of farmers, and the general occurrence in recent years is relatively mild. Expected: Adults begin in late March to early April. Adults bloom in late April. The larvae begin to appear in late to mid-May. Occurs mildly and moderately locally. The area of occurrence is 100,000 mu.
(2) Armyworms
Armyworm is a migratory pest, according to its occurrence pattern, it is expected that the second generation of adult armyworms will first appear in mid-May, and the larvae will first appear in late to mid-June. The degree of occurrence is mild, and there is a moderate risk of occurrence in some areas. The area of occurrence is 50,000 mu.
(3) Beet weevil
In recent years, beet weevils have occurred less frequently. Expected: The emerging date of adult insects is in mid-April. Excavations peak in mid-May. Occurs to a mild degree. The area of occurrence is 0.2 million mu.
(4) Wheat stalk flies
In recent years, the occurrence of wheat stalk flies is mild, and the overwintering base number is not surveyed, and it is expected that the adult insects will first appear in late to mid-May. The degree of occurrence is mild, and the peak period is not obvious.
(5) Wheat aphids
According to the climatic characteristics of our flag, the temperature is generally high in May and June, and there is less precipitation, which has no adverse factors for the occurrence of wheat aphids. In the summer of 2019 (June-August), there was more precipitation than usual. Expected: First sighting in early May. The peak time is early June. Moderately occurring. The area of occurrence is 20,000 acres.
(6) Sunflower rust
Due to the mild epidemic of sunflower rust in 2018, the source of overwintering bacteria is not high. Expected: The initial appearance of the diseased plant is from late May to early June. Occurs to a mild degree.
(7) Sunflower sclerotia
In recent years, the sunflower planting area is small, and last year the sclerotia epidemic was mild, and there were few sources of overwintering bacteria. According to the forecast of the meteorological department, the precipitation in the summer of 2019 is unevenly distributed, and the precipitation in the autumn is slightly more. Expected: The first appearance of the diseased plant will be in late June. Occurs to a mild degree.
(8) Meadow borer
Grassland borer is a migratory and explosive pest, and the occurrence law is more complicated, and it should be mainly monitored in the short and medium term. Since the second generation of grass borer larvae did not occur last year, the overwintering base is low. The occurrence of grassland borer is mainly predicted in the short and medium term.
(9) Double-spotted long-tarsal fluorescent leaf beetle
It is expected that the overwintering adult insects will first appear in late June, and the occurrence area will be 100,000 mu. Occurs mildly and moderately locally.
(10) Corn powdery mildew
Due to the continuous cropping of corn for many years, the amount of bacteria accumulated in the soil is large, corn powdery mildew in the temperature and humidity of the suitable conditions in the face of high temperature and appropriate rainfall is easy to occur the disease, I flag into late June, with the high temperature, and sometimes there is a small amount of rainfall, the disease can be transmitted through the air flow, can also be transmitted through insects, it is recommended to strengthen the rotation of stubble, it is best to implement more than three years of rotation. Maize powdery mildew is expected to be locally moderate.
(xi) Corn borer
The occurrence and dissipation of corn borer is greatly affected by temperature and humidity, and the year with abundant rain and mild climate is often the year when corn borer occurs more heavily, and vice versa. According to the comprehensive analysis of the occurrence of our flag over the years and the climatic conditions of this year, it is expected that the occurrence of corn borer in the corn production area of our flag in 2018 will be moderate, with an area of about 200,000 mu.
(xii) Corn red spider
In 2018, the occurrence of maize red spiders in Tuyou banner was light, the amount of accumulated insect sources was small, and the winter temperature was higher than usual, which was not conducive to the occurrence of red spiders; meteorological trend prediction, the precipitation in the summer of 2019 (June-August) was more than usual, which was not conducive to the occurrence of dry insect pests such as red spiders. It is predicted that the area of occurrence of such pests will not expand, and the incidence will be reduced.
Second, the trend of fruit tree diseases and insects
(1) Hawthorn pink butterfly
It is expected that the overwintering adults will emerge in late March, the overwintering larvae will begin to see in early April, the egg will begin to see in early June, the pupal stage will be in early May, the adults will begin to see in mid-May, and the larvae will begin to see in mid-June. Degree of occurrence: Mild occurrence. The area of occurrence is 0.5 million mu.
(2) Celestial caterpillars
It is expected that the overwintering adults will emerge in early April, the overwintering larvae will begin to see in mid-April, the pupal will pupate in early June, the adults will feather in mid-June, and the egg will begin to appear in late June. Degree of occurrence: Mild occurrence. The area of occurrence is 0.5 million mu.
(3) Pear star caterpillar
It is expected that the overwintering adults will emerge in early April, the overwintering larvae will emerge in mid-April, the pupal stage will be in mid-June, the feathered adults will begin to see in late June, the egg will begin to appear in mid-July, and the egg hatching period will be in late July. Degree of occurrence: Mild occurrence. The area of occurrence is 0.5 million mu.
(4) Hawthorn red spider
Expected: overwintering adults begin to occur in late March, egg onset occurs in mid-May, and incidence is moderate. The area of occurrence is 12,000 mu.
(5) Li Xiao heartworm
It is expected that the overwintering adults will begin to see in late April, and the egg will begin to appear in early May. Degree of occurrence: Mild occurrence. The area of occurrence is 0.8 million mu.
(6) Apple small heart-eating worms
Expected: Adults begin to see in early June; egg onset occurs in mid-June. Degree of occurrence: Mild occurrence. The area of occurrence is 0.8 million mu.
Editor of this issue: Xinyu Li
The submission email address is [email protected]