1. 1950-style submachine gun
The PPSh-41 submachine gun is arguably one of the iconic weapons of the Soviet Union in World War II, and was used by volunteers during the Korean War as a "turntable submachine gun" or "Four-One".
The history of the imitation PPSh-41 submachine gun can be traced back to before the complete liberation of the Northeast. In 1948, Dalian Jianxin Company's Yuhua factory manufactured 263 imitation PPSh-41 submachine guns, and the imitation at that time was quite different from the original in appearance. In 1950, the Yuhua factory merged with the Hongchang factory to form the Bayi factory, and 300 more of these early imitations were produced. So only 563 of this early imitation were produced.
Early imitation PPSh-41 submachine guns featured a cylindrical barrel guard with only four heat sink holes.
In June 1950, Xu Qianqian led a military delegation to the Soviet Union to negotiate for assistance, obtained technical information on several Soviet-style small arms, and successfully imitated the PPSh-41 submachine gun, known as the Type 50 submachine gun, that year. In March 1951, the Type 50 submachine gun was officially finalized, and mass production and equipping troops began in June, with a total of 36,000 produced that year, and the first batch was handed over to the volunteer army.
The Type 50 submachine gun fired a 7.62x25mm Tokarev cartridge, a replica of which was later defined as a Type 51 pistol cartridge.
In appearance, the Type 50 submachine gun is almost indistinguishable from the PPSh-41 submachine gun; however, according to the national conditions of China's low industrial capacity, some production processes have been simplified, such as some riveting parts have been changed to welding. The 71-round drum was cancelled and only 35-round magazines were used to feed. From June 1951 to December 1953, a total of 358,000 Type 50 submachine guns were produced.
The Type 50 submachine gun was fierce but relatively bulky, providing fierce firepower to the volunteers to resist the United States and aid Korea, and together with other imitation Soviet firearms, it completed the historical mission of standardizing the small arms of the People's Liberation Army.
2. 1954 submachine gun
The PPS-43 submachine gun was designed during the harsh conditions of the Battle of Leningrad and was simple in structure, inexpensive and easy to produce.
Note that the "Sh" of the PPSh-41 stands for Shpagin and the "S" of the PPS-43 stands for Sudayev, and the two weapons are also very different in design.
In August 1945, Soviet troops entered the northeast. The 88th Infantry Brigade of the Far Eastern Front, the remnants of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army that had originally retreated to the Soviet Union, returned to their homeland with ppSh-41 submachine guns and PPS-43 submachine guns, which were known in China as "iron submachine guns" or "four-three types".
After the end of the Fifth Campaign to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the Logistics Headquarters of the Volunteer Army held an ordnance conference in July 1950 and concluded that the Soviet-style submachine gun was easy to operate and fierce in fire; especially the "Four-Three Type", which could be folded and lighter.
After the successful mass production of the Type 50 submachine gun, China began to trial the PPS-43 submachine gun; because the drawings had not yet been obtained, it could only be mapped and imitated, called "imitation 43 type". In April 1954, the imitation of the PPS-43 submachine gun was on track with the help of Soviet experts, and it was officially finalized as the Type 54 submachine gun that year.
In 1956, due to the finalization of the Type 56 "submachine gun", the Type 54 submachine gun was discontinued and failed to replace the Type 50 submachine gun. But together with other imitation Soviet firearms, it fulfilled the PLA's historical mission of standardizing light weapons.
This is probably the most well-known Type 54 submachine gun in China (only strange!).
3. 1964 type micro-sound submachine gun
The Type 64 micro-sound submachine gun is the first self-developed submachine gun in China, which belongs to the first generation of micro-sound guns in China.
Both receiver and transmitter design are simplified from AK. The receiver is made of a whole piece of steel, and the muffler is also made of steel, so the whole gun weighs a lot. Different from the AK's "large paddle", the Type 64 micro-punch fast and slow machine is located on the left side of the receiver; the insurance has a triple, one is the manual insurance stuck behind the trigger, the other is the bolt's own lack of insurance, and the third is the dust cover insurance that jams the bolt.
The Type 64 micro-punch uses a freestyle bolt. Because the bolt travel is not as long as the Type 54 submachine gun, and the bolt is too light, the theoretical rate of fire is as high as 1000 rounds per minute. There are two types of magazines, 30 rounds and 20 rounds, but a 20-round magazine is generally used.
The Type 64 micro-punch adopts a flip-type illumination door, and the crosshair and the illumination gate can be equipped with fluorescent tubes for night aiming. Both the crosshair and the door are mounted on the muffler, so the shooting accuracy will be reduced after a period of use, and the disassembly of the muffler will also affect the accuracy.
The steel muffler is equipped with 13 chrome-plated steel conical muffler bowls, which are divided into small, medium and large sizes from the back to the front. There are 36 side holes in the barrel wall along the rifling line, and when shooting, the gunpowder gas is discharged from the side holes, so that the gas emitted by the barrel is reduced. After it is ejected from the barrel, the gas expands, so the air flow is still supersonic.
After encountering the first anechoic bowl, the gas is compressed and reduced to subsonic speed; at the same time, the gas produces shock waves, which reduce the energy contained in the gas. After passing through one anechoic bowl, the gas expands again and the air flow is supersonic again until it encounters the next anechoic bowl, which repeats the above process and consumes the energy of the gas. After repeated compression and expansion, the speed and pressure of the gas are greatly reduced; when it is ejected from the silencer cylinder, the gas can only have a small impact on the external air flow, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the muzzle noise.
A large amount of smoke will remain in the silencer until it slowly escapes, and the dirt generated by the smoke in the silencer is also difficult to clean. Silencers bowls are consumables, and when it is difficult to obtain spare supplies on the battlefield, some soldiers will remove the muffler and use the gun as a miniature submachine gun; because each side hole in the barrel wall is a noise source, the noise after removing the muffler will be greater than that of ordinary submachine guns.
The Type 64 micro punch is equipped with the Type 64 microsonic bomb, which is a subsonic bullet with a larger warhead weight, and is the same as the Type 51 ordinary bullet at 7.62x25mm. Type 64 micro-punch can also use Type 51 ordinary bullets, but the ballistic performance and attenuation performance will change. Although the traditional copper armor + lead sleeve + steel core structure is adopted, the steel core almost occupies the entire warhead, so it is called "armor-piercing bullet" (AP) by some foreign sources. The projectile uses a double-base spherical propellant and is less charge-reduced, so that the muzzle is less flare.déjà vu.
4. 1979 type light submachine gun
It's a thing of all kinds of rumors, and it's no less controversial online than QBZ95.
During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Vietnam, China's military advisers obtained the French MAT-49 submachine gun left in Indochina and intended to imitate this lightweight submachine gun, but the higher departments hoped to use the self-designed "jungle submachine gun"; in August 1965, the research and development of the "jungle submachine gun" was officially launched. In 1966, the Cultural Revolution broke out, and the research and development work was interrupted due to serious interference; in 1967, the research and development work was resumed according to the requirements of the superiors; and in 1969, the project was discontinued. In March 1970, the Second Department of the General Staff requested the development of a firearm for scouts, signal troops, airborne troops, artillery, public security and other personnel to use, so the "Jungle Submachine Gun" project was launched again in April of that year, and renamed "7.62 mm light submachine gun" (firing 51 type 7.62 mm pistol cartridge).
In 1971, the Air Force asked the R&D unit for a light submachine gun drawing; on September 13, Lin Biao fled and was killed, and it was later found that there were hundreds of privately made 7.62mm submachine guns in Shanghai, all of which were imitation light submachine guns. In February 1976, the National Defense Industry Office proposed that The Shanghai side should improve and trial-produce light submachine guns; after smashing the "Gang of Four", it was found that these weapons had actually flowed into the Wang Hongwen Group. The picture below is three different types of Shanghai-made submachine guns, after testing, the improved design of the Shanghai-made submachine gun has no value, and the shooting accuracy is poor.
Beginning in December 1971, after four national range tests, the light submachine gun finally passed the finalization test in June 1978, and was officially named the "1979 Type 7.62mm Light Submachine Gun" on September 25 of the following year. Trial production in 1981, formal production in 1983, and nearly 200,000 units were produced by 1992.
The Type 79 submachine gun adopts the principle of short-stroke piston gas conduction type, bolt rotary locking, safe and reliable, smooth operation; the center of mass of the bolt moving parts is close to the chamber axis, which is conducive to improving shooting accuracy; the rear of the bolt is equipped with a rubber cushion, which is conducive to reducing recoil. Because the Type 79 submachine gun adopts the principle of gas conduction and closes the chamber to be shot, it has an inherent accuracy advantage compared with the majority of free-form bolts and open-chambered submachine guns; and the trigger force is very light, which is conducive to the accuracy of the gun itself. In actual combat, the Type 79 submachine gun has excellent single-shot accuracy, and has even been used by the police for close-range sniping in some hostage incidents.
However, the Type 79 submachine gun had a problem with an excessive rate of fire, with a theoretical rate of fire as high as 1000 rounds per minute. One is because the bolt stroke is too short; the second is because the bolt is too light; and the third is because the vent is located behind, resulting in a high peak bore pressure. These three factors together led to the Type 79 submachine gun running too fast, and the bane of these three factors was the excessive pursuit of lightweight and shortness; I personally envisioned extending the gas guide cylinder to reduce the peak of the chamber pressure, but if such a modification was made, the fixing method after the stock was folded should also be improved, because the air plug caliper at the front of the gas guide had the role of assisting the fixed folded stock. The magazine capacity is only 20 rounds, and the fire sustainability is poor, which can be said to be worse; but the Type 79 submachine gun has a lighter trigger force, and experienced shooters can easily control the trigger in burst mode to shoot a single or two-shot shot (the range player in Tieba Zhiyuan Clipper appeared).
As for the Type 79 submachine gun, there is no empty warehouse hanging machine, the rate of fire is so high if there is no empty warehouse prompt, it is easy to kill people... First of all, I personally think that the military and police personnel who will be sacrificed because of this also have skill problems; secondly, the MP5, Uzi and other famous submachine guns are not empty hanging, but I personally have not heard of this dead man...
There are two sides to everything, and a higher rate of fire is conducive to close combat: during the counterattack against Vietnamese self-defense, three PLA scouts carrying Type 79 submachine guns raided a Vietnamese post, one scout broke into the room and killed four people, and another scout killed four people outdoors with an arc sweep and broke one person's legs, the whole process of about 40 seconds.
Although the light weight and shortness led to the problem of excessive rate of fire, the Type 79 submachine gun was indeed successful in these two points... The empty gun weighs only 1.75 kg and weighs only 2.1 kg when filled with ammunition; the full length of the gun after the stock is unfolded is only 74 cm, and the stock is folded for concealment. It can also shoot reliably when the stock is folded, and it has good peacetime and wartime conversion and fast shooting speed.
The Type 79 submachine gun mainly overcomes three problems in the development process:
First, the pull handle is easy to break. Because the pull handle is high speed and repeatedly impacted during continuous firing, its mass longitudinal distribution must be "small outside and large inside" in order to minimize the moment of inertia, so the shape of the pull handle is relatively sharp; but this reduces the strength and is easy to scratch fingers or clothing. So the R & D unit slotted at the bottom of the pull handle and increased the thickness, which basically solved this problem. There are still people on the Internet who report that the pull handle is easy to scratch the finger, but I doubt how this thickness of the pull handle can scratch the finger.
The second is the problem of jamming. In the production process of The Type 51 pistol cartridge, the bottom thickness of the bullet was not tightly controlled, resulting in the Type 79 submachine gun having obstacles in pulling and throwing shells (and submachine guns with freestyle bolts did not have this problem). In response to this problem, the use of increased pulling force; strict control of the position of the pulling hook; so that the bullet is held tightly there is eccentricity and tilt (so that bullets with dimensional deviations can also be tightened); the position of the shell impact on the receiver cover is as close as possible to the tail of the shell (so that the shell is easier to throw out of the gun).
The third is the jam failure. Due to the bolt rotary latch, in order to make room for the rotation of the latching convex shoot, the bullet into the chamber is long and easy to jam. There are two solutions: one is to adjust the force distribution of the magazine spring, so that the "position" of the bullet when it is prepared for the chamber is correct; the other is to strictly control the size of the bullet mouth in the production process. However, the magazine mouth is still prone to jamming after being deformed due to bumps.
Due to the large inventory, the public security department still uses the Type 79 submachine gun in large quantities, but some SWAT units have modernized it.
Video link to Station B: 79 new magic kits
This is a new retrofit kit introduced in 2014 and features no need to disassemble the rails for maintenance.
Speaking of modernization, I would like to complain about the point that there is no manufacturer to provide 30 rounds or a larger capacity magazine? How come those Type 79 submachine guns with extra small grips still retain that magazine mount? Why didn't the magazine mount flare up in order to replace the magazine?
Some guns have reliability problems due to long service, so I personally think that some of the reliability problems reflected in the Type 79 submachine gun on the Internet are actually that the old gun is not properly maintained, or the old gun will have these problems... For example, the Type 79 submachine gun in the linked video above, the original stock is badly worn because of the long use time, so it is allowed to replace the new stock (really save money).
The Type 79 submachine gun fires a DAP51B pistol cartridge that can penetrate the Aramid helmet and soft body armor protected by the US NIJ III.A.
By the way, the Quality Control of the Type 79 Submachine Gun in the early stages of production was not well done, resulting in two consecutive years of no production of qualified products.