Since modern times, the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty have been vulnerable to the great powers, and China has begun to seek a way to strengthen the country and strengthen the army. Along with the process of the awakening of the Chinese people, China gave birth to three major military schools: one is the Northeast Lecture Wutang, the second is the Baoding Lecture Wutang, and the third is the Yunnan Daowutang.
Yunnan Lecture Hall
In the thirty-fourth year of the Qing Dynasty (1908), Shen Bingjing, the governor of Yungui, asked the Qing court to organize the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall. In the first year of the Qing Dynasty (1909), the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall was officially opened. The Yunnan Army Lecture Hall adopts modern military teaching, employs Japanese officers and Chinese students studying in Japan as instructors, and the teaching level and quality are extremely high, and it is known as the best military school in southern China. After the establishment of the Lecture Hall, aspiring young people from all over the southwest applied for the examination.
At this time, Zhu De, a son of a Sichuan peasant family, was admitted to Xiucai at this time, but the Qing court school system reform Xiucai was useless, and later became a primary school teacher. When he learned that there was a martial arts hall in Yunnan, he decided to throw in his pen. However, the Tangwu Hall only recruited locals, and Zhu De had to change his place of origin to be able to enter the Gongwu Hall to study. Unfortunately, his practice of tampering with his place of origin was quickly confirmed.
Li Gengen, the principal of the Tangwu Hall, was an enlightened man, who abandoned the rule that the Tangwutang only recruited Yunnan people, let Zhu De enter the Daowutang to study, and opened the military road for Zhu De in his life, becoming a benefactor of Zhu De's life. The Lecture Hall was built to cultivate the new army, and the international tradition at that time was that the Japanese army learned from the German army, and the Qing army learned from the Japanese army. The new army cultivated by the Lecture Hall soon became a strong force in China.
Cai Yi
After the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, the Yunnan New Army took the lead in raising the banner of uprising in the southwest and actively supported the revolution. Yuan Shikai claimed to be emperor, and cai yi, the governor of Yunnan, led an uprising in the Defending Army, which was dominated by officers and students of the Wu tang. The First Army of the Protectorate Army, led by Cai Yi, attacked north to Sichuan; the Second Army was led by Li Liejun out of the north of Guangxi; and the Third Army was led by Tang Jiyao to sit in the rear to support.
The First Army led by Cai Yi had the most dangerous task, with 7,000 men against the Beiyang Army of 40,000 men. At The Cotton Slope of Luzhou, the defending army fought for five days and five nights, winning a great victory in Luzhou, and Yuan Shikai was forced to abolish the imperial system. The Defending Army succeeded, Yuan Shikai died, and Cai Yi also died of exhaustion. After Cai Yi's death, the Protectorate Army became Tang Jiyao's personal armed forces. Later, the warlords fought and divided the territory, and the defending army became the Dian Army and became a local armed force, which went through many wars and chaos.
Old photo of the officer of the Yunnan Daowutang
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Yunnan, based on the Patriotic Army of that year, drew out 12 elite regiments and formed a whole army of 6 brigades and 3 divisions, equipped with French equipment, 40,000 people and horses were fully loaded, and organized into the 60th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with Lu Han as the commander. In the first battle at Yuwang Mountain, the 60th Army suffered heavy losses due to its hasty entry into battle and the blind command of Shangfeng.
In the Battle of Yuwangshan, the three divisions of the whole army fought fiercely, and the 182nd And 183rd Divisions were only left with one regiment. The 184th Division, under the leadership of division commander Zhang Chong, preserved its complete structure. Zhang Chong was good at using troops and could adapt to changes, and in the battle of Defending Yuwangshan, the 184th Division fought best.
Battle of Yuwang Mountain
At the Battle of Yuwangshan, the 60th Army blocked the elite troops of the Japanese Army's Isoya Liansuke for more than 20 days, making a great contribution to the victory of the Battle of Taierzhuang. In this battle, the 60th Army participated in the battle with 35,123 people and 18,844 casualties, and the Battle of Yuwangshan was won, but it had to be said that it was a tragic victory.
After the Battle of Taierzhuang, the 60th Army was transferred to Xuzhou to cover the withdrawal of the main force of 200,000 troops. Subsequently, the 60th Army retreated to Macheng, Hubei Province, and when the whole army was reorganized, only 5 of the original 12 regiments were left, and the 3 divisions were reduced to 1 division, all of which were incorporated into the 184th Division, Zhang Chong still served as the commander of the division, and Zeng Zesheng was the main regimental commander at that time.
The 60th Army of the Yuwangshan Dian Army
In September 1940, the main force of the Dian Army, the 60th Army, was transferred back to Yunnan and stationed in southern Yunnan, and Zhang Chong, who had been disarmed and returned to Tian, was once again abandoned. The Japanese army saw that the 60th Army was on guard, so it had to change its strategy and launch an attack from western Yunnan. The Japanese army fought hard in western Yunnan and suffered successive defeats, and finally had to choose to surrender in 1945. On the night of September 8, 1945, the 60th Army and other Dian troops entered Vietnam to accept the surrender of Japan and stationed in Hue, Vietnam.
In March 1946, the 184th and 21st Divisions of the 60th Army defeated the invading French fleet in Haiphong, Vietnam, and defeated more than 3,000 French troops and a modern fleet at the cost of 30 people in only 2.5 hours, forcing the French army to surrender with a white flag, which is the famous Sino-French Battle of Coastal Defense.
Zeng Zesheng revolted
In October 1946, the 60th Army was transferred to the northeast jilin defense, the commander Zeng Zesheng was excluded, and the whole army was oppressed by the Yanguo army. Zeng Zesheng was even pushed out of the city by a division commander, and his army and entourage had to live in a broken temple. In the northeast battlefield, the 60th Army suffered repeated defeats after encountering the People's Liberation Army, and won the title of "60 Bear".
After several months of fierce fighting, the 60th Army shrank its strength and focused on the defense of Changchun. Faced with the powerful offensive of the People's Liberation Army, Shangfeng demanded that Zeng Zesheng blow up the Xiaofeng Reservoir and drag the People's Liberation Army by breaking the embankment at the mouth of the garden. This move can hold the PEOPLE's Liberation Army back, but it will also drown hundreds of thousands of ordinary people. Zeng Zesheng hesitated again and again, and finally did not blow up the reservoir.
In the spring of 1948, Changchun was besieged. On October 18, when the ammunition was not exhausted and the food was exhausted, and the desperate situation was on the verge of dying without a fight, Zeng Zesheng led his troops to revolt. The New Seventh Army in Changchun City also revolted and surrendered, accepting reorganization. On January 2, 1949, the 60th Army was reorganized into the 50th Army of the People's Liberation Army and incorporated into The Four Fields. The reorganized 50th Army followed Shino in many battles to liberate the Great Southwest and achieved significant results. It has contributed to the liberation of the great southwest and the liberation of Yunnan.
Entering the Korean War
In September 1950, the 50th Army, which had lasted for two years after the uprising, was garrisoning the area around Shashi, Hubei Province, and its main task was to reclaim the land. The whole army reclaimed 3,200 acres of land that year, built more than 600,000 square meters of embankments, and transported nearly 6 million catties of public grain. Peace was thought to last, but in June 1950 the 50th Army was notified of an urgent transfer to the northeast. At this time, the Korean War broke out, and China gathered 700,000 troops in the northeast to prepare for the korean war. On the evening of 2 October, the units of the 50th Army urgently gathered their troops and boarded a train overnight to rush to the northeast.
On October 24, the 50th Army received an order from the Northeast Military Region to immediately restore its original equipment and rush to the Sino-North Korean border. On October 25, 1950, the 50th Army crossed the Yalu River, which was also announced as the date for the Chinese Volunteer Army to enter the Korean War. Originally, the first batch of troops to cross the river were only the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 42nd armies, but Mr. Peng believed that the strength was not enough, so he temporarily added the 50th Army and the 66th Army.
Hold one's ground
In the Korean battlefield, the soldiers of the 50th Army fought bravely and tenaciously. In the third campaign, the 149th Division of the 50th Army destroyed and captured 31 enemy vehicles and tanks, killed more than 200 enemy troops, and captured 193 prisoners. Later, after investigation, it was learned that they annihilated the first battalion of the British ace 29th Brigade Osterian Rifle Regiment and a tank squadron, known as the Royal Tank Battalion. The battle was fought, and the 50th Army lost the shame hat of the "60 Bear".
In 1951, the 148th Division of the 50th Army took the lead in attacking Seoul. After the invasion of Seoul, the 50th Army did not stop and controlled the Han River Bridge with a part of its troops, and most of its troops continued to pursue the American army and seize the port of Inchon. Because the troops were moving south too quickly, the supply lines were too long, and the US army was growing continuously, it quickly figured out the tactics of the Chinese side, so the headquarters issued an order to stop the attack and rest.
After the outbreak of the fourth campaign, U.S. commander Ridgway developed "magnetic tactics" in an attempt to attract Chinese troops to destroy them one by one like a magnet. The Tactics developed by China was "West Top East", and the 3rd Division of the 50th Army and 1 Division of the 38th Army and 1 Corps of the People's Army were defending to the west. The front of the 50th Army's defense was the focus of the U.S. offensive.
The 50th Army invaded Seoul
In the fourth campaign, the 50th Army fought repeatedly with elite American troops. In the battle against Baiyun Mountain, the 50th Army achieved excellent results in killing and wounding and capturing more than 1,400 enemy troops. The 447th Regiment of the 149th Division of the 50th Army was awarded the honorary title of "Baiyun Mountain Regiment" for its heroic achievements in combat.
From January 25 to March 15, 1951, the 50th Army defended both sides of the Han River for 50 days and nights. The whole army has experienced 95 large and small battles, killed and wounded 14,356 enemy prisoners, captured 1,975 guns of various kinds, 34 cannons of various kinds, destroyed 15 enemy aircraft, more than 50 tanks, 23 armored vehicles, 38 cars, and a large amount of military materials.
On the side of the 50th Army, the whole army was reduced by 6255 men, and 7 whole companies, 37 whole platoons, and 138 whole squads coexisted and died with the positions, and all of them died with the enemy. The whole army has won a large number of glorious titles such as "Baiyun Mountain Regiment", "Repair Mountain Company", "Dongyuanli Combat Hero Class", and 476 people in the whole army have made great meritorious contributions or more.
Highland snow leopard
After entering the peace period of the 1960s, the 50th Army went to Sichuan to garrison. The 150th Division of the Yingkou Uprising remained in Liaoning and was converted into a garrison division, and the local troops in Sichuan were reorganized into the 150th Division and incorporated into the 50th Army. In 1969, the 149th Division stationed in Leshan was transferred to the 52nd Division stationed in Nyingchi, Tibet, and the unit number remained unchanged, but the number of the unit was not changed. Today, the 149th Division, which was in Tibet at that time, has become the 52nd Brigade of the "Plateau Snow Leopard".
In 1979, in the counterattack against Vietnamese self-defense, the 149th Division of the 50th Army sailed to the Yunnan front to fight, and the 148th And 150th Divisions fought in Guangxi on the Eastern Front. The 50th Army also performed well in the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam and made great achievements. In 1985, the country carried out millions of disarmament, and the 50th Army was incorporated into the 13th Army. The number of the 50th Army has since been dissolved In the 13th Army, some people suggested retaining the number of this century-old unit, but some people said that the "Four Fields" left too many unit numbers...
Talk about the current situation of the martial arts hall
In the past hundred years, which is the most battle-fighting and legendary unit in China? I am afraid that only this 50th Army can win this honor. From the 50th Army of the People's Liberation Army, up to the 60th Army of the Dian Army, to Cai Yi's National Guard Army, and then to the New Army at the end of the Qing Dynasty. In more than a hundred years of modern history, this unit has not been left behind, and has fought major battles that have almost affected the fate of China, fighting the Japanese army, the French army, the Italian army, the British army, the Vietnamese army, the American army, and so on. With the exception of the Soviets, almost all the armies of the world's great powers have fought. Although the number of this legendary unit has dissolved, its bloodline and fire are still passed down in various armies, inheriting the story of this legendary unit.
Dian Army helmet
The 60th Army of the Yunnan Army is the pride of the Yunnan people and the pride of the Chinese nation, which is a unit that records history and witnesses the fortunes of the country...