Author:Zhang Huifen Editor:Xiao Shu(WeChat:277987832)
Panyang in Linqu, Shandong Province, is located thirty miles southeast of Linqu County, with a history of more than 3,000 years. To be precise, it refers to the east and west Panyang villages. In terms of human geography, it is accustomed to being a region, and people refer to the Danhe River Valley west of Hongshan Mountain, south of Danshuiling, east of Niushan Mountain, Ma'anshan - Fenghuangshan - Ancient City - Buxi - Longquan Guanzhuang - North of Hongmiaozi, with a radius of ten kilometers, collectively referred to as Panyang.
Panyang, located in the Sun of Panshui, has undergone the following historical evolution. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, because of its proximity to Mount Yao (now Mount Aquarius), it was the state of Jiyi; after the Spring and Autumn Period, it was incorporated into the State of Qi, and "Linzi is the capital, panyang is the city" is a description of the two important places of Linzi and Panyang, the capital of the State of Qi. There are still ruins of the Great Wall of Qi in the area from Yishan to Mulingguan, thus proving the history of the State of Qi; the disappearance of The Warring States period, and then the re-emergence of Chengyangyi, which continues the Culture of Yi, is strong evidence of the excavation of a large number of Warring States period bronzes when Panyang Primary School was established this year. In the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Linzi County. During the reign of Emperor Hui of the Western Han Dynasty, King Hui of Qi offered the city Yangyi to Empress Lü's daughter Princess Luyuan as "Tang Shuyi". During the Western Han Dynasty, Banyang was enfeoffed three times, and hou guocun lasted for 132 years: in 186 AD, Liu Zhang was made the Marquis of Zhuxu, which belonged to Zhuxu County, Langya County, and the county was governed in the ancient city village of Xinzhai; Emperor Wen of Han made Liu Zhang the Prince of Chengyang in the second year; Emperor Wen of Han made Sun Dan the Marquis of Qi in 15 years; and Emperor Yuan of Han created Liu The Marquis of Zhen in the third year. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, it belonged to Zhuxu County, Beihai Prefecture, Qingzhou, and the county was governed by Chengtou Village, Liushan; during the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty, it was Zhuxu County, Chengyang County, Qingzhou; zhuxu County, Langya County, at the beginning of the Two Jin Dynasties, and later belonged to Zhuxu County, Dongzheng County, Xuzhou, and then to Pingchang County; in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Liu Song Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty set up Banyang as a county, initially called Banyang, and Panyang as a county, until the Sui merged into Linqu. By the time of the Tang Dynasty, Linqu was abolished and Placed in Banyang County, which was again merged into Linqu County, which belonged to Qingzhou, Henan Province. At this point, Panyang City has reached an unprecedented prosperity in history, is a political, economic and cultural center within a radius, and is a transportation hub linking Jiaodong and Qingzhou, and its status is irreplaceable. Song, Jin and Yuan belonged to Linqu County, and the Ming Dynasty belonged to The Panyang Society of Renshou Township, Linqu County; the Qing Dynasty belonged to the Panyang Society of Renshou Township, Linqu County; during the Republic of China, it belonged to the Second District of Linqu County; in 1944, Panyang District of Linqu County was set up; in 1945, Panyang was assigned to Lindong County, and later returned to Linqu County; in 1952, it belonged to the Third District of Panyang County, Linqu County, and in 1958 it belonged to Panyang Brigade of Xinzhai People's Commune, Linqu County, and in 1984 it belonged to Panyang Township of Linqu County, which was a special administrative agency for Panyang in modern times, and during this period, Panyang's economy and culture were greatly developed. Various local offices at all levels have been established to facilitate the management of local residents and have greatly improved their agricultural development, economic construction and school input compared with before. In 1993, it belonged to Linqu Wolong Town, and in 2007, it belonged to Xinzhai Town, Linqu County. Panyang's political status and prosperity since the Song and Jin dynasties have withdrawn from the stage of history, but the indelible imprint has survived forever.
Panyang has a long history, and many monuments have stood on this ancient land for thousands of years. In the north of Xipanyang Village, there is Taishan Palace - Laomu Temple. Laomu Temple is the descendant of the ancient Hongfu Temple. Built in the Eastern Han Dynasty, from the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty has always been a place of worship for local good men and women, the incense is extremely popular, and Hongfu Temple has existed in Panyang for more than 1670 years. In the Ming Dynasty, due to natural disasters, people were displaced, and Hongfu Temple gradually became deserted. There is a Ming Dynasty Xinzhai Maolingou Jinshi Fu Guo in the "Passing Through the Yang Hongfu Temple" as evidenced by "light rain like Yang Dao, miserable feeling of ruin." The broken stele has a slight character, and the ancient temple is broken without monks. The year is named after Xiaochang and the name of dicuntuo. Yo yo thousand five hundred, nostalgic for a few people once. In the second year of the Qianlong Dynasty, the Taoist temple of "Taishan Pavilion Lingguan Ancestral Hall" was built on the site of Hongfu Temple, and there are still stone tablets written by Mr. Meng Guangyuan in the eighth year of the Republic of China and written by Zhang Lanchun Confucian Scholars. Even now, whenever the eighth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar and the first day of October, the incense is still burning here, and the women of the surrounding villages have prepared sacrifices early and come to the temple with the expectation of the year to offer incense and pray for the safety of the whole family.
In the north of Dongpanyang Village, there is dongzhen palace - Dong'an Wang Temple (Tang Taizong sealed the Mountain God of Yishan as Dong'an Gong, the Northern Song Dynasty as King, and the Yuan Dynasty as Yuan de Dong'an Wang, so it is called "Dong'an Wang Temple"), in the Jin Dynasty Panyang there is "Dong'an Temple", qing Dynasty Li Tingshu "Youpanyang Hongfu Temple" recorded: "Jin Dading, Dong'an Wang Temple stele lying next to the city ..." Ming Jiajing was rebuilt in the year of Ming Jiajing, and the main hall of the palace was rebuilt at the beginning of the Republic of China, which was a front corridor building. In the 1970s and 1980s, the school was still used as an office. After the school was evacuated, the villagers of Dongpanyang spontaneously rebuilt it and built a courtyard wall, which became one of the largest religious activity sites near Panyang.
There are three official temples in the west of Xipanyang Village, which refer to the heavenly officials, the earth officials, and the water officials, which were created by the Five Bucket Rice Sect created by Zhang Daoling in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Let the patient write his own mistakes, copy three copies, put them on the mountain, on the ground, and in the water, called the three officials, so that the water of heaven and earth has become the god of people's sacrifice - "The Emperor of the Three Officials". "Heavenly officials" bless, "earth officials" forgive sins, and "water officials" relieve evil. The Sanguan Temple in Panyang was built during the Ming Dynasty, repaired many times in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and destroyed at the beginning of the liberation. After liberation, religious activities were terminated, and when the statue of the Three Officials Temple was demolished, a wise man said that "the instructions of the superiors had to be done, and the capable heavens and the incompetent went down to the bay." The golden body of the Three Officials Emperor was thrown into the West Bay in front of the temple, and it was strange to say that the frogs could no longer be heard near the West Bay, and some people said that when the "Three Officials Emperor" entered the bay, the frogs did not dare to make a sound. Now, the land of the temple has been designated as a private residence, and the Three Officials Temple has disappeared in Panyang.
Coincidentally, these three ancient temples are located in the north of the village, in a straight line, perhaps a deliberate arrangement of the builders. People's worship and admiration of gods is not only to seek psychological comfort, but also to pin people's infinite yearning for a better life.
The villages around Panyang, each village has its own story and legend. To the east is the Smoke Pier (the site of the Beacon Tower), Liujiazhuang (which was rated as a civilized village when Panyang Township was called), Xiajiazhuang (pottery excavated from the kiln factory, proved to be the site of the Hongshan culture), Boya Village (Comrade Xiang Ming's hometown), Dahaozhuang (the legend of Zhang Yinli and the tomb of the cat and horse), Andianzi (the legend of the Banbi shop). Excavation of nun tombs from the Southern and Northern Dynasties), Tubudian (the station entrance on the ancient Qingzhou Post Road), Liuxinggou (legend of the tomb of the king), Niushan (its shape is like an ox), Mengjiazhuang (descendant of Mencius), Shanzipo (located on the side of Aquarius Mountain) has the largest Christian church nearby, the ancient city (the old site of ancient Zhuxu County), the new Wangzhuang (descendants of Zhu Yuanzhang, most of whom are surnamed Zhu, posterity known as Wangjiazhuang), there are twenty or thirty small villages, the origin of these villages and the scenes and legends that occurred attract more people to explore and discover.
Hongshan Mountain, east of Panyang, is a continuation of the Yishan Mountains, and is named Fushan, Hongshan, and Liushan according to its location. Hongshan Ridge is a sandy soil structure, soil penetration is strong, more suitable for peanuts, sweet potatoes, yellow smoke planting. The villages distributed here include Hujiagou, Tianqiaozi, Jiantaizi, Yandun, Jiangjiabawo and so on. From the name of the village, we can imagine that this is a village on the mountain, full of ravines, and the land is dominated by small pieces of land. In recent years, Hongshanling has been fully developed, and many lands have been contracted by yellow smoke contractors, and a large area of yellow smoke planting has been carried out, forming a one-stop service of planting, baking on the spot, and processing on the spot. The original mountains were thinly baked with golden tobacco leaves, and the original spring and winter labor force was liberated to do other work, and the configuration of advanced machinery and equipment only required housewives and the elderly to complete the wheat harvest and autumn planting. The barren lumps of earth turned into golden lumps! Others have new varieties of peaches planted on the land, which are affected by temperature and moisture plus varieties, and the peaches here are sweet and the peach juice is sticky. Now rows of wind power stations stand majestically on the top of the mountain, looking at it from a distance, like a line of swans spreading their wings and flying in the sky, adding a beautiful landscape to Hongshan.
If we think of the economic prosperity and wealth of Panyang in history, it must have attracted many conquerors, and we can glimpse the development and changes of Panyang's name and belonging. We have no way to verify how many wars have occurred in history, but from the hongshan smoke pier, the name of the solid platform, and the remaining smoke pier monuments, we can see the past of Panyang, which must be a place where soldiers must fight! Immediately, the scene of the iron horse appeared in front of him. The smoke pier beacon is a place where fireworks are set off to inform the war situation, similar to the beacon on the Great Wall. People took advantage of the favorable geographical location of the terrain to transmit the war, arrange defenses and arrange troop arrangements. Yandun is a landmark site of Panyang Ancient City, built with sand and loess, when there were pottery pieces scattered around the Spring and Autumn Warring States, after thousands of years of rain washed and left to modern times, but by the destruction of contemporary people, the surface building disappeared, and was dug deep into the sand into a pit!
Due to the high terrain and ravines, there are clear mountain springs gushing out at the foot of each mountain. In the past, I always thought that the high mountains must be dry, but now I know that the water follows the terrain, which is why you can see the water flowing in every mountain. The water on Hongshan Mountain is clear and sweet without impurities and pollution, attracting people from all over the world to drink water with various barrels or jars, and people with brains have identified business opportunities, and pure water companies have been established, and the water on Hongshan Mountain has been continuously sold to all parts of the motherland.
Facing Hongshan is Niushan Mountain, west of Panyang. Niushan, 513 meters above sea level, takes its name from the pictogram, "its shape is like an ox", no matter from which direction you go from east to west, north to south, you can see a big black cow lying there.
There is one of the most beautiful places on Niu Mountain called Wangniudun, and legend has it that as long as the cattle are put there to graze, the cattle can be seen in either direction of the home, so that the owner can do the housework with confidence. There are lush trees and large rocks everywhere, and every stone is black.
Now there is a village on the west side of Niushan Called Luojiashu, and there is not a single family in the village with the surname Luo. Most of the names of our Chinese villages are named after surnames, such as Mengjiazhuang, Wangcunlou, Chenjiazhuang, Kangjiazhuang, Sujiahe, etc.; some are named after regions, such as Hujiagou, Tianqiaozi, Jianjiantaizi, Jiangjiabawo, Mashan, Bamudi, etc.; some are named after history, such as Yandun, Wangjiazhuang, Xiejiaying, xinzhai. The Luo family tree should be named after the legend. Legend has it that the cattle herders nearby were 99 cows at the foot of the mountain, and when they reached the top of the mountain, they became 100 cows, and Nan Manzi found one of the golden cows. From the melons of the nearby melon farmers, he selected a golden bull and threw it at the golden bull, and the golden bull that hit it lay on the ground, forming a cow mountain, and the place where the horn fell was called "falling horn" and later evolved into the current "Luojia Tree".
The old people in Niushan Village said, "Our Niushan mountain is through the East China Sea, and it is the eye of the East Sea." "These contain the good wishes of the old man, no one to correct the old man's mistakes, so that the old man's simple thoughts will always exist." The well water on Niushan Mountain is clear and sweet, from the gully rocks on the mountain and the mountain spring water gathered under the roots of the trees, and the sea water is bitter and astringent, how can it be compared?
Niushan is rich in stones. Niushan stone was the first choice for people to build houses in the past, and villages within a radius of ten miles were stoned from here. Childhood memoriesthesis of the village built with black stone. When I was young, I also listened to my fathers tell me how to quarry stones on Ox Mountain, use explosive detonators to blow up stones, and use carts to push stones down the mountain. Later, I heard others talk about it countless times, the experience of pushing stones on Niushan Mountain, in that era of underdeveloped transportation and lack of materials, people ate pancakes from dried sweet potato stalls, wore cloth shoes with thousands of layers made by their mothers or daughters-in-law, went to Niushan to push stones, the bubbles on their feet, the cocoons on their hands, and the blood marks on their shoulders made men love and hate Niushan, and they liked to build a new house, hated to live separately from their parents, and from then on, they were independent of the portal, and they lacked the care of their parents. Pushing stones is the biggest work, pushing down the rugged path from the top of the mountain, it requires good balance, some young people because of their youth, but also than who pushed more, push faster. Niushan is the largest mountain in this area, and villagers from all over the world come to the mountain to collect stones. In this way, there are human habitations, Niushan stone does not know how many generations have been mined, its number is unimaginable and calculated, the real height of Niushan should be much higher than now! Thinking about it in this way, it is clear why no traces of the crater have been found, which have long been mined without a trace. At this time, I suddenly felt that Niu Shan was tall in my mind, and the color of Niu Shan Stone was pitch black and unknown, how like our ancestors with hardships. The ancient crater of Niushan has disappeared in the vicissitudes of time, but the spirit of the old cow has been passed down from generation to generation.
There is now a temple on Niushan Mountain, and on the 28th day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, nearby believers gather on Niushan to pray for blessings and rain. Some women twist the song, some pick flower baskets, colorful activities also attract more people to Niushan leisure tourism, by the way to pick peaches and cherries, live in the county for a long time, climb to the top of the mountain, overlook the beauty of nature, really a little lingering ah!
In the south of Panyang, there are Mashan, Hushan, Huangbuling, Boya Nanling and Fenghuangling, which are mainly planted with agricultural products. Hawthorn, millet, soybeans, peanuts, sweet potatoes, in recent years to meet the problem of food and clothing of farmers, constantly looking for business opportunities, began to plant walnut trees, cherry trees, green trees and other economic tree species.
Danhe Ridge is located in the north of Panyang and is named for its proximity to the Dan River and the Dan River Reservoir. On the Danhe Ridge is a base for the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines such as astragalus and salvia. The Changshen Expressway split the Danhe Ridge in two, and when the road was built, a large area of talc and quartz stone was found, with a large number and white color, but unfortunately all of them were buried in the ground.
The Dan River originates from Jishan, formerly known as the Taohua River, flows through the Zhanglu River, meanders to the southwest, flows through the Dahou River, xiaohou river, qianhe, hongmiaozi, banzhong, hebei and Xinzhai direction of the water confluence and flows into the Yeyuan Reservoir.
Now the government has established the Danhe Wetland Park in the lower reaches of the Danhe River, built the Danyang Lake, and the summer lotus leaf fields in the lake are crowded with pink, white and red lotus flowers. Pavilions, pavilions, nine-curved bridges, beaches, winding paths, promenades, summer nights around the park walking, the fragrance of lotus flowers filled the air, from time to time in the ears of beautiful songs, so that people walking here intoxicated, long do not want to leave.
In 1959, the Dan River was cut off, and the Dan River Reservoir was built in 1960. The water surface of the Danhe Reservoir is sparkling, and the sunset and sunset are reflected in the water, and the scenery is beautiful. In the mild season, sit quietly by the reservoir and watch the birds on the surface of the water pass by, the water is so quiet, so flat, softly hidden in the ravine, by the undesirable people do not want to have Roselle to step on the waves how good. At this time, you can't help but sing the song that has been buried in your heart for a long time, with a gentle and slightly sad emotion, but it is a self-indulgent singing, in short, it is a kind of shy little mood. Men don't sit down and admire, they mostly jump into the water and swim.
The Dan River Reservoir has been built since the dry season, watering a lot of land and is the mother river of the local area. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was a continuous drought, and some fields had no grain harvest, and many people in villages moistened by the Dan River had a full meal. The Dan River not only waters the fields, but also grows lotus roots on both sides of the pond and some feed rainbow trout, rainbow trout and fish raised in the Dan River Reservoir, which are delicious and people rush to the market as soon as they arrive.
Aquarius Mountain is located in the middle of the Panyang area, according to research is a volcano, the base is steamed bun-shaped, rounded and towering, there are two large and small peaks, 203 meters above sea level, in the surrounding Pingchuan place protruding, beautiful scenery. The mountain sun is full of trees, mountain flowers, and wild birds. Yamano-in is home to a variety of agricultural crops. As soon as spring comes, the peach blossoms and pear blossoms on the mountain will be colorful throughout the mountain, and in the autumn, various fruits will ripen, and the host of the mountain will be hospitable, picked, and entertain friends from all over the world.
Aquarius Mountain is also a treasure land on feng shui, and the cemeteries of several nearby villages of Panyang, Dahaozhuang and Shanzipo are selected here. When I was a child, I often climbed this mountain, and when I went to the top of the mountain to look around, I also had a feeling of "climbing the bottle mountain and the world is small". The scenery on both sides of the Dan River can be seen from the bottom of the view, looking at WeiWei Niu Mountain in the west, looking at the Dan River Ridge in the north, and looking at the Hongshan Mountain in the east, I imagined in my heart, what kind of world should it be? On a sunny day, the TV broadcast tower on Yishan Mountain can be seen to the south, like a needle. There is also Longmen Mountain, which is three hills to the southwest... These unattainable places filled my young heart with fantasies and longings, and how I wanted to see them at that time. Until now, I often dream of walking to the end of a mountain, looking down is an endless long road, which is a reflection of my childhood imagination of the unknown. In 2010, the neolithic civilization and the remains of the Han and Southern Dynasties were discovered, which was declared a municipal key cultural relics protection unit, covering an area of 200,000 square meters around the east of Aquarius Mountain. Now the Changshen Expressway passes through the west side of Aquarius Mountain, and in the process of road construction, three layers of superimposed ancient tombs of the Han Dynasty have been excavated, lacquerware, copper chimes, copper Han seals, Han bronze mirrors, and cultural relics such as the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Song Qing. The excavation of these cultural relics proves that the area around Panyang has long been inhabited by humans. The good news is that Aquarius Shanxi was announced as a municipal key cultural relics protection unit on December 31, 2012. In the periphery of a mountain, there are two municipal key cultural relics protection units, which have to attract the attention of the world.
Panyang is surrounded by mountains, with the Ichima Pingchuan River in the middle. Panyang is located at the confluence of the GubanShui and the Jiuqu River, which is called "dragon and phoenix crossing tail" in feng shui. The Jiuqu River is prone to flooding, and the Jiuqu River has been treated many times in history, and there are still the ruins of ancient large-scale water conservancy projects in the east of Dongpanyang Village. The confluence of the two waters forms a small alluvial plain, making the soil fertile and deep. Coupled with the Danhe alluvial plain Wangcunlou, Mengjiazhuang, big and small shops, Tubudian, Hongmiaozi, Ancient City, Buxi and other villages, together form the "Panyangwa". Panyang has a semi-arid and semi-humid climate in terms of latitude and rainfall, surrounded by mountains, and Panyang is like a pan in a pan. Climate and geography make agricultural production here always drought and flood protection. Our three major production areas in Linqu, "one gutang, two Panyang, and three counting to the head of the city", is the praise of the Panyang granary. Until the current era of planned economy, Panyang's agricultural status still played a huge role.
After the liberation of Panyang, many large-scale facilities were built. The construction of the Dam of the Dan River Reservoir and the subsequent establishment of water lifting stations in various places still play a role today. The construction of the east-west trunk canal of the Dan River has irrigated the land of more than 50 villages in all directions. The establishment of brick farms in various kiln factories played a huge role in the rural planning at that time, and kiln factories were built in Villages such as Dahaozhuang, Panyang, Xiajiazhuang, and Shanzipo. At that time, a large number of mulberry silkworms were planted, and the Mengjiazhuang silkworm farm made a great contribution to technical guidance. After the 1990s, a large number of breeding and planting industries flourished, with layer breeding centered on Shanzipo and Hongmiaozi; cherry cultivation centered on Mengjiaguanzhuang, Niushan and Wangcunlou; yellow smoke planting in Hongshanling; Chinese medicinal materials planting centered on Danheling and Dahaozhuang, and peach cultivation in Kangjiazhuangling. With favorable timing and geographical location, Panyang's agricultural production is famous far and wide. Due to the influence of the Katan River microclimate, the temperature is 3-4 degrees lower than in the same area, making the fruit here particularly sweet. Coupled with the barrier of Mashan mountain in the southeast and Niushan mountain in the northwest direction, there are few natural disasters of high winds and hail here, which is more conducive to the development of agriculture.
Now Panyang has become a commercial center with all kinds of goods. Supermarkets, home appliances, agricultural supplies, clothing stores, medicine stores, beauty and health salons are densely packed in this land of bullets, one after another. People from the south, north, east and west of the ten miles have gathered in Panyang, forming a commercial cornucopia!
Panyang, there are no large and medium-sized enterprises here, the air and water and soil are kept very clean. Walking on the country road, you may stop at a pond to admire a pond of lotus flowers, you will also be attracted by the seedlings of a garden to explore the trail, you will be attracted by the natural landscape and scenery of Cuijiazhuang Huazigou, you will also be moved by the legend of "looking at cattle squatting", you will imagine going up along the Dan River to find the Yi side, and you will also be willing to pick chrysanthemums on the southeast ridge... In short, if you give up the prosperity of the city and abandon the utilitarian interests of the world, you can come to the vicinity of Panyang, find a hill, build a grass house, plant a few vegetables, invite groups of literati and inkers, drink wine, and enjoy the moon. There is no shortage of literati near Panyang, such as poets, painters, Confucians who are proficient in ancient and modern times, technicians who understand gardens, and have a group of such friends. What can be compared?
Now with the popularization of the Internet and the development of information, the rhythm of big cities has affected the current Panyang. People's concepts and ways of life are quietly changing, food, clothing, housing and transportation are relatively close to urban life, and people's dress, speech and behavior are no different from those of urban people. Almost every household color TV, refrigerator, washing machine, and family car also continued to increase. The equipping of cultural and sports facilities in various villages and the construction of village cultural squares have enriched people's leisure life, cultivated sentiments and exercised their bodies.
Panyang, there is no unique resource, but in a corner of the bulge, relying on people's diligence and wisdom, relying on the persistent pursuit of the future and faith of generations, the deep love and infatuation of this hot land. In the long river of history, Panyang is at best a water bead, and this water bead will surely gather more and more, get bigger and bigger, and become a brilliant pearl.
Note: The author of the history and allusions of Panyang is deeply grateful to Teacher Zhang Jianwen of Panyang for his dedication!