【Feed market media comprehensive finishing】Tuhe black pig is named after its place of origin and coat color, and is mainly distributed in the Tujiao River Basin across Shandong, with Jiyang County as the central production area, mainly distributed in Jiyang, Qihe, Linyi, Shanghe, Huimin and other places. Tuhe black pig is a breed of pigs that have been selected for a long time under the condition of green roughage-based feeding, which belongs to the North China type black pig, and after expert research, the pig breed has the characteristics of strong adaptability, high fecundity, tolerance to rough feeding, strong stress resistance, high intermuscular fat content, good meat quality, etc., and is a typical representative and the most excellent breed in China's native black pigs.
Tuhe Black Pig
<h1>First, the historical origin, distribution area and natural conditions</h1>
(1) Historical origin
Legend has it that 4,200 years ago, king Shujiuhe of Dayu came to Qidi (in present-day Jiyang), when the lower reaches of the Luohe River (present-day Tujiao River) were densely forested, wild boars were infested, and people were sometimes injured. King Dayu then led his disciples to catch and eat the frightened pig, and found that the pork was delicious and had a very high nutritional value, and the people were strong and healthy after eating. For a long time, the people on both sides of the strait, inspired by the actions of King Dayu, formed gangs one after another to "catch pigs and eat meat", and the Tujiao River Valley was no longer "afraid of failure" but "frightened". Over time, the pigs are not frightened, and the excess pigs outside the hunting have undergone long-term domestication, and the wild nature has degenerated and become domestic pigs. Because its whole body hair is as black as charcoal, people call "scared pig" "black pig". Later, due to the difference in region, it was called "Tuhe Black Pig". Today, the Tuhe Black Pig has become a population of black pigs with geographical indication significance. According to the pig mandible excavated from the Jade Emperor's Tomb in Dianzi Township, Jiyang County, and the records of Jiyang County during the Qing Dynasty, the Tuhe Black Pig was the main domestic animal raised by every household in the Tujiao River Basin for thousands of years.
After entering the 1950s, with the introduction of a large number of foreign breeds of pigs, there were fewer and fewer purebred black pigs, and they were on the verge of extinction by the end of the century. In 2006, Mr. Zhang Xunzhao, general manager of Shandong Luyuan New Food Co., Ltd., saw the huge market potential for the development of Tuhe black pigs, seized the opportunity, selected 30 purebred Tuhe black pigs along the Tujiao River, and began to breed, breed and develop. After 4 years of development, the excellent pig breed of Tuhe Black Pig has not only regained its new life, but also doubled its value.
(2) Central production area and distribution
It is mainly distributed in the Tujiao River Basin across the territory of Shandong, with Jiyang County as the central production area, mainly distributed in Jiyang, Qihe, Linyi, Shanghe, Huimin and other places.
Swim in the Tu river black pig
(3) The natural conditions and resources of the distribution area
Jiyang County, the main black pig producing area of Tuhe River, is located at the southern end of the Lubei Plain, with flat terrain, fertile soil and abundant resources. The Yellow River flows through 63 kilometers of four townships in the south and east of the county, the Tufa River and the Tuma River flow through 5 townships in the northern part of the county, traversing 56 kilometers from east to west, and 26 water diversion canals and 14 drainage canals and other major tributaries, which are spread throughout the county. Jiyang County has the characteristics of the northern warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate: four distinct seasons, rain and heat in the same season, sufficient sunshine, the average annual temperature of 12 degrees Celsius, annual rainfall of about 600 mm, superior natural geographical environment has bred a rich product. In recent years, the three major industries such as melon vegetables, dairy cows and forest fruits have been continuously cultivated and grown, and it is an important production base for grain, melon vegetables and livestock products in the country. The superior natural geographical environment and rich resources provide a good material foundation and living conditions for the survival and development of the Tuhe Black Pig.
Black pig in the pool
<h1>Second, the characteristics of the type</h1>
The historical Tuhe black pig is divided into two types: cucumber mouth and lotus head. The lotus head shape is affected by the factors of social needs, and the number of preservation is small.
Cucumber mouth: Medium in size, named because its mouth is long and straight and resembles an old cucumber mouth. The coat is all black, the forehead is narrower, the mouth is long and straight, the face is straighter, the forehead has several longitudinal stripes, shallower, the ear size is medium, the ear root is soft and long than the corner of the mouth; the body is small, the structure is compact, the limbs are more robust, and the back is slightly concave and oblique, and the back is slightly concave and oblique, and the gray fur is thin, the back is flat and straight, the buttocks are fuller; precocious, the weight of the column is 80kg-85kg.
Lotus Head: Larger, it is named for its larger square face and short ears. The coat is all black, the head of the head is square, the mouth is thick and short, the face is slightly concave, the forehead wrinkles are several deep, the ears are soft and sagging at the tip of the nose; the body is larger, the structure is loose, the thickness is strong, the hind limbs are softer, the black fur is densely concave, the dorsal hanging abdomen is obliquely oblique, and the gray fur thin back is flat and straight, the buttocks are more plump and plump; late ripening, the weight of the column is about 100kg.
<h1>Third, performance characteristics</h1>
Tuhe black pig has high fecundity, strong environmental adaptability, tolerance to rough feeding, and inherits the wild blood of its ancestors, has strong disease resistance, provides great convenience and guarantee for the breeding process, and is a typical representative and the best breed among China's native black pigs. At the same time, the growth rate of Tuhe black pigs is slower, the growth cycle is three to four times that of ordinary commercial pigs in society, and it can only be out of the pen in about a year, and the weight of the pen is about 140-160 pounds, which lays a solid foundation for the first-class quality of Tuhe black pork.
Each sow produces 2 litters per year, more than 13 each time, and the average sow can produce 20 live piglets per year. After the breeding sow has gone through a 114-day gestation period, the piglets produced will become growing pigs after a 42-day pregnancy period. The growing pigs are raised for about 2 months, during which high-quality breeding pigs are selected as reserve pigs for breeding, and the rest of the pigs are raised after about 4-6 months of feeding, and then sent to the slaughterhouse for slaughter.
<h1>Fourth, the breeding method</h1>
Traditional Chinese medicine health care. Feed to add traditional Chinese medicine, with traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions to prevent and treat swine disease, not only will there be no drug residues, and contains traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, can enhance human immunity, reduce the incidence of diseases, this technology has obtained the national invention patent.
Pure grain feeding. In order to realize green and organic from the source, Tuhe Black Pig has newly established a 1900-acre organic food planting production base, self-breeding, no pesticides, and the output of high-quality pure grain products - corn, soybean meal, bran, rice bran, etc., combined with vegetables and healthy organic feed.
Beer fermentation. Japanese Kobe beef drink beer, listen to music, do massage, creating a unique high-grade beef in the world, Tuhe black pig on the basis of the introduction of this advanced technology, through the research and development of the technical team, invented the world's unique pig feed - beer fermentation feed, through the mediation effect of low concentration alcohol, greatly improved the quality of pork itself.
Exercise to lose weight. In order to improve the lean meat rate in the most healthy way, tuhe black pig newly established a large pig sports field that can be exercised for 365 days, through running, swimming, grinding teeth, hurdles and other exercise methods, enhance the physique and endurance of tuhe black pig, play a role in weight loss and disease prevention, and more importantly, greatly improve the quality of pork.
<h1>Fifth, the characteristics of meat</h1> quality
The protein, amino acid and trace element content of Tuhe black pork are much higher than those of ordinary pork on the market, and the cholesterol content is only 1/6 of that of ordinary pork. The flesh color of Tuhe black pig is bright red, the marble pattern is obvious and evenly distributed, the fat content in the muscle is about 7.56%, the muscle fiber is fine, the system is highly hydraulic, the PH is neutral (6.26), the meat is tender and juicy, it is mellow and delicious, and the meat quality is far better than other pork on the market. In addition, Tuhe black pork contains a large amount of collagen, which has the effect of delaying aging and beautifying the face.
Tuhe Black Pork
<h1>Sixth, the status of development</h1>
(1) The development of the black pig industry
More than 30 years ago, the dominant table of the Chinese people was the local black pig, but since the late 1980s, the "foreign white pig" dominated by Duroc pig and long white pig has been introduced to China, and has spread rapidly with the advantages of fast growth and high economic benefits, and now occupies almost 100% of the market. With the increasing improvement of people's living standards and the increasing emphasis on food safety, people are no longer simply pursuing the satisfaction of quantity, but paying more and more attention to the improvement of pork quality. In order to meet people's demand for pork quality, in recent years, animal husbandry researchers have used local excellent pig breeds and introduced foreign pig breeds to cultivate many new lean new breeds of pigs through breeding measures such as hybridization and succession breeding.
In recent years, the development of the black pig industry has been relatively fast. Across the country, Yantai black pig, Beijing black pig, Nanjing black pig, Guangxi Yuyuan black pig, Fujian Xiamen black pig, Henan Henan black pig, Hainan Tunchang black pig and so on have comeback. According to incomplete statistics from the China Animal Husbandry Station, nearly 30 species of black pigs have returned to the market across the country. There are 99 pig breeds identified in China, including 72 local breeds, and industry insiders call 2011 the "Chinese black pig comeback year".
At present, according to relevant public data, the market share ratio of white pigs and black pigs is about 99:1. Moreover, with the improvement of people's living standards and the deepening of health concepts, under the huge demand of 600 million pigs in the pig market, the market space potential of black pigs is large.
Map of the breeding site
(2) Regional overview of China's black pig breeding industry
China's main pig production area is in the four major production areas, and these four major production areas are basically also production areas, the largest main production area is in the southwest region, followed by the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, as well as the north China region and the northeast region. China's pork sales have three major sales areas, but also the three major economic circles, namely the Yangtze River Delta region, the Pearl River Delta, and the Bohai Rim. The sources of pork consumed in the three major economic circles are different, such as the Pearl River Delta is mainly supplied by Hunan, Liangguang, Sichuan, Yunnan and other local production areas, that is, the main production areas in the southwest and the main production areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River supply the Pearl River Delta; the Yangtze River Delta region is supplied by the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and North China; the Bohai Sea Economic Circle is supplied by North China and Northeast China.
The key to black pig breeding is in the preservation, breeding and promotion of breeds, because of its relatively high price and high market recognition, transportation costs in terms of sales barriers are weakened, and the competition between enterprises is reflected in brand awareness, quality certification, product characteristics. In China, the main regional black pigs include Shandong black pigs, Beijing black pigs, Henan black pigs, Songliao black pigs, Hunan black pigs, Sichuan black pigs and so on.
(3) The development of the black pig industry in Shandong
After 5 years of development, Shandong's black pig breeding industry has entered a rapid growth period. With the rapid development of the black pig breeding industry, there are currently more than 20 black pig brands in Shandong Province, and most of the enterprises are promoted in the form of developing members, direct operation or monopoly. However, the quality of various enterprises is uneven, and the more well-known brands are Tuhe Black Pig, Licha Black Pig and Lulai Black Pig. The number of black pigs in Tuhe is around 8,000, the number of black pigs in Licha reaches 5,000, and the number of black pigs in Rulai exceeds 10,000.