In the eighth grade Chinese textbook of the junior high school, wu jun of the Southern and Northern Dynasties "Book with Zhu Yuansi" is included, in which there is "The Iris Flying in the Heavens, Looking at the Peak and Resting the Heart; the Economics of the World, Peeping valley and forgetting the reaction." sentences, of which "Iris Flying Heaven" is not very easy to understand, especially the word "戾".
According to the dictionary interpretation of "戾" into "to, to", students may ask the teacher: "戾" why does the word "戾" have the meaning of "violent, sinful" and other words such as "violent, sinful"? - The word "戾" simultaneously appears with the multiple meanings of "violence, sin" and "stop, to", which seem unrelated.
Faced with this problem, the dictionary only lists its meaning and cannot explain why, and the teacher is speechless—a problem that is often encountered when reading ancient poems or learning idioms.
How to solve it?
The core is still to emphasize that when reading ancient poems, we must develop the habit of reading "words".
Specifically, taking the word "戾" as an example, let's talk about the reading comprehension of "character" in ancient reading-
The natural characteristics of the word "戾" constitute
"戾",
Pronounce lì, polysemantic,
It consists of "households" and "dogs".
The natural characteristics of "households" and "dogs"
Determines the meaning of the word "戾".
▲ 戾 —— Seal book graphic decomposition
▲ Household - half door (door) partial
Half door for households, half sub-doors, half side doors for households.
"Household" has the natural characteristic of "dividing" the door to the side. "Door" and "household" are relatively speaking, relative to "door" is positive, "household" is "not correct" and "partial", that is, not correct "partial household, partial door".
The natural characteristics of "household" are manifested in -
(1) Portal home building; where words such as "所, warehouse (倉), Kai" and so on use this feature.
▲ Household - the household of the home building
(2) Incorrect is biased. Among them, words such as "room, flat, partial, cheat" use this feature.
The natural characteristics of "dogs" are manifested in -
(1) Inuyasha is suddenly reckless; such as "sudden, mang, 犮 (pulling, trekking)" and other words, using this feature.
▲ Dog - Dog rush
(2) Inuyasha lies down; words such as "volt, apparatus" are used to use this feature.
▲ Inuyasha - Inuyasha lies down
(3) Dogs bark; words such as "barking, silent" use this feature.
▲ Dog - Dog barking
The natural characteristics of "household" and "dog" are defined within each other's words;
There are different meanings of the word "戾" in the back -
The meaning of the word "戾" in "violent" is thus produced -
"Dog" out of "household",
"Dog" comes out of the "household",
It means that the "dog" curves from the "household" to the side of the body and protrudes.
The emphasis here is that the "household" is a partial household, and the "dog" barks for prominence.
Will mean the word for the combination of characters, the household dog for the 戾, from the dog, from the household.
The dog squeezed out of the closed door and bent its body.
Meaning: bending. Derive the meaning of "obedience, deviation, disobedience". ，
You can imagine the picture of the word "戾":
The "dog" suddenly came out of the "sudden" body under the door "household".
What are you going to do --
Dogs come out of the house, bark at people, and even chase people away from home to bite people.
From this, it is derived: violent, violent, sinful, etc.
▲ 戾 - The dog leaves the house, and the dog leaves the house and stands out
For example, in the idiom —
Self-inflicted guilt, self-inflicted guilt,
Tough self-use, fierce wolf,
Fierce, violent, and grainy
wait.
For example, in the verses —
Descend this big fight. - "Poetry, Xiaoya Jie Nanshan"
Then he looked up and cried out to heaven, "What is the reason for this extreme hostility?" ——Liu Zongyuan, "Heaven Says"
Bold and very, fierce and aggressive. - "Xunzi Honor and Disgrace"
▲ Dog - rushing state, very violent, a little obedient.
▲ Inuyasha - rushing state, very aggressive, a little grumpy.
The meaning of the word "戾" in "Iris Fei Ji Tian" arises, and it is necessary to think backwards
"Dog" into "household",
The "dog" enters and crouches down, and stops under the "household" as the "ugly" household.
Emphasis is on
"Household" is the home of the home building, "dog" is the dog "ambush" lying on the ground,
The two are one, "dog" into the "household" under the "戾",
From this, "戾" has the meaning of "stop, fix, and to".
You can imagine the picture of the word "戾" -
▲ 戾 - The dog enters the household and stops at the household "戾"
▲ Inuyasha - lying on the ground, where the house is located
as
In the [Book of Poetry, Daya] "The kites fly in the sky, and the fish leap in the abyss." In the sentence, "戾" is "to, to" righteousness;
In the sentence "Mulberry in Gongsang, Fengyu eats", "戾" is also "to, to" righteousness, which means "the wind to the mulberry leaves are dry, so it is also to eat silkworms." ”
The word "戾" here means "where the dog is to the household" and means "to, to" righteousness.
Another example,
In the Shang Shu Kang Shu, there is "Now the people are not quiet, and they have not been satisfied." Sentence, the "戾" here is the meaning of "stop" and "volt", which refers to "the dog enters the house and stops".
In the Book of Verses, there is "the people are not killed, and the thieves are cursed." Sentence, the "戾" here is "fixed", "stable", "volt determined" meaning, referring to "the dog into the house to stop and settle".
Other than that
In the poem "Poetry Lu Song Pan Shui", there is the sentence "Lu Hou Ji Zhi",
In the text of the "Chinese Lu Language", there is the sentence "戾于敝邑",
In the text of "Chinese Zhou Yuxia", there is the sentence "The ancients natural disasters descended",
etc., are all used in this way.
Xu Shen's "Explanation of Words" is unable to speak of "戾"
According to the "Sayings", you can't understand the meaning of the word "匀" in "Iris Fei Ji Tian"——
According to the "Sayings": 戾, Qu ye. From the dog, out of the house lower body curved also.
According to the Qing "Commentary on the Commentary" :( 戾) Qu Ye. It is righteous, obedient, and very hostile. The precept of extension is sin. Interpretation. Suspicious Hugh also. Get out of the house from the dog. Knowing. Dogs are out of the house for the enemy. Body twist also. Households are in Fuller. There must be thresholds (thresholds, thresholds) under the household. If the threshold (threshold, threshold) is high, the dog must bend out. "If a dog squeezes out, it will also bend its body." The word "戾" in this statement means the original meaning.
Qu Ye. Get out of the house from the dog. The warrior, the body is also bent. Will mean the word for the combination of characters, the household dog for the 戾, from the dog, from the household. The dog squeezed out of the closed door and bent its body. Meaning: bending.
According to the "Word Forest": 戾, obedience also.
According to the Shuowen, it is impossible to understand the meaning of "to, to, and to the end" of "戾.".
The reason is that the "Sayings" emphasizes the side, but there is no concept of thinking within the word, just like a blind man touching an elephant.
Therefore, restricting the thinking and imagination of future generations of Chinese character cognition for thousands of years is also the biggest drawback of the Shuowen and the historical limitations of the era at that time.
The origin and meaning of the Iris Flying Heaven
"Iris Flying Heaven" is from the "Book of Poetry, Daya Dry Foothills": "Iris flying in the sky, fish leaping in the abyss." Among them, "kites" are also known as black-eared kites, black-winged kites. It is a bird of prey, belonging to the falcon family Hawk family, also commonly known as the eagle, good at flying high. "戾" is the meaning of "to, to, and to the end".
▲ Iris - the "black-winged kite" hunting in the sky
▲ Iris - Can go to the National Zoological Museum to see the specimen of "black-winged kite"
The literal meaning of the poem "Iris flying in the sky, the fish leaping in the abyss" is "the eagle soars in the sky, and the fish jumps in the water of the abyss".
It means that "the iris eagle soars freely in the sky, and the fish swim freely in the water of the pond", "Iris" and "fish" are very free and enjoy themselves. In this way, the metaphor is used to describe "all things in heaven and earth have their own place and enjoy themselves." ”
And the "kites fly in the sky" - the eagle soars in the sky; the eagle flies high into the sky.
"The kites fly to the heavens and stop at the heavens" - flying up to the heavens, the heart is higher than the sky, and the desire to ascend to the heavens. In this metaphor, man's ambition to ascend to heaven.
Later, he used this extension as a metaphor for those who strive to climb high for fame and fortune.
In Wu Jun's "Book with Zhu Yuansi", "The one who flies in the sky, looks at the peak and rests his heart." "Just use this extension —
Attached: The combined characters of "戾" - 唳, 捩, 淚 (字)
"Oh" - "the sound of the wind and cranes" describes panic and doubt.
"Twist liè" – folded, broken. In the character "捩", "戾" expresses the meaning of "扌 (hand)" "twisting", "bending". It represents the meaning of "towing (zhuǎn), twisting" in the phrase "turning, turning, turning point".
"Tears", same as "tears".
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