Duan Yuzhong, Zhang Li, Kong Fanmin, Huang Yuqi, PLA 306 Hospital, Health Care Office
Raising cats and dogs has brought great happiness to many families. China's urban dogs and cats have gradually changed from the functions of caring for homes and eliminating rat infestations to becoming people's "life companions" and "family members". Pet dogs and cats can give comfort to the lonely elderly; they can cultivate the love of children; they can reduce the mental pressure of young people; at the same time, the sharp increase in the number of urban dogs and cats and the "zero distance" contact between people and pets also bring a series of hidden worries to society, environment, health, etc., causing many social problems, the core problem may be the problem of zoonotic (dog and cat) comorbidity.
Among the infectious diseases of dogs and cats, there are quite a few diseases that can be transmitted to humans, such as brucellosis, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, skin fungal diseases, insect-borne diseases (fleas, tick bites, scabies mites, babes' disease, neofilariasis, leishmaniasis) influenza, etc. Zoonotic diseases of dogs and cats have not yet received attention from the relevant municipal authorities, veterinary practitioners and pet owners. The medical and health care of individual pet hospitals; the uncivilized behavior of some dog owners; the large breeding of urban stray dogs and cats, etc., will increase the spread of zoonotic diseases in the population.
The zoonotic pathogens of dogs and cats mainly include bacteria, parasites, viruses, fungi, rickettsia and chlamydia. Among the more important are zoonotic bacterial diseases, parasites and viral diseases. Bacteria and parasites generally account for the highest proportion, and viruses and rickettsia cause the most harm. Among the 18 kinds of bacterial diseases that dogs and cats often suffer from, 16 kinds of human infection, close to 90%; of the 32 parasitic diseases, 16 kinds of parasitic diseases can be infected by humans, accounting for 50%: of the 25 viral diseases, rickettsial disease and chlamydia disease, there are 3 kinds of human infection, about 10%; among the 11 mycosis, there are 5 kinds of human infection, close to 50%. Of these 86 pathogens, nearly 50% of them can be infected by humans.
Zoonotic diseases in dogs and cats can cause diseases with multiple systems, organs, tissues, or dysfunctions, exhibiting a variety of clinical symptoms.
Among the 40 common zoonotic diseases, 21 are transmitted by feces, about 50%,8 are transmitted by blood-sucking insects (fleas, ox ticks, etc.), accounting for 20%, and the rest can be transmitted through urine, saliva and others. It can be seen that feces and blood-sucking insects play an important role in the spread of diseases.
Dogs and cats are important human-animal diseases
cause of disease
Main symptoms of infected dogs and cats
Media
Brucella
Miscarriage, testicular swelling
Urine, semen
Leptospirus
Jaundice, hematuria
Urine, blood-sucking insects
Binding mycobacteria
cough
Sputum
salmonella
diarrhoea
Manure, feed
E. coli 0157: H7
feces
Campylobacter
Diarrhea, miscarriage
Feces, urine
Tetanus bacillus
Body tonic spasms
Clostridium botulinum
Limb paralysis
Nocardia
Abscesses, cellulitis
Pus juice
Bovine actinomycetes
Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)
Swelling and limp joints
tick
streptococcus
Pneumonia, arthritis
Sputum, pus, etc
Bronchial septicae
Nasal fluid
Clostridium weisser
sudden death
Feces, environment
Small intestinal intestinal Yersella
Plague bacillus
Bleeding from the skin and blood in the urine
flea
Other canine and cat important zoonotic diseases
rabies virus
Water phobia, photophobia, mania
saliva
Canine Erik's disease
High fever, bleeding
Chlamydia psittaculosa
Feline conjunctivitis, pneumonia
Eye and nose discharge
Microsporidium canine
hair loss
Hair, dander
Gypsum microsporidium
Canine cat important people Lu co-infected with parasitic diseases
Primary symptoms
Toxoplasma gondii
abortion
Manure, meat
Babes worm
jaundice
Chondridylus
and breed trematodes
Echinococcus tapeworm
Canine polygonal tapeworm
Feces, fleas
Munchsian taenia
Polycephalic tapeworms
Roundworms with bow heads
Diarrhea, vomiting
hookworm
Trichinella
Diarrhea, muscle pain
raw meat
Roundworms
Diarrhea, cough, dermatitis
Canine filariae
Difficulty breathing, ascites
mosquito
Cryptosporidium
Federian worms
Mostly asymptomatic occult infections
Leishmania
Whiteflies
Isosporidium
Amoebic worms
Scabies mites
Severe itching, scabs, hair removal
scurf
Important canine-cat zoonotic disease
1 Rabies
Rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by rabies virus, the clinical symptoms are mainly characterized by waterphobia, photophobia, heterophilia, mania, etc., mainly through the bite of the skin and mucous membranes and infection, is the only human case fatality rate of up to 100% infectious disease so far. The rabies virus can infect all warm-blooded animals, and dogs are the most important source of infection in humans, accounting for about 85%, followed by cats, wolves, foxes and other wild animals. About 33 species of bats in Europe carry the virus for a long time without any abnormalities and detoxify from their saliva. More seriously, it has been newly discovered that animals, including rats and birds, can also carry rabies viruses.
China is one of the countries most seriously affected by rabies, and the annual reported rabies deaths in recent years are more than 2400, second only to India, ranking second in the world. The number of rabies cases reported nationwide in 2009 was 2213. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Guizhou provinces and regions are the most serious.
2 Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by toxoplasmosis infection, with cats as the terminal host, clinical symptoms are characterized by high fever and miscarriage, mainly infected by eating infective oocysts or cysts, Toxoplasma gondii is more harmful to pregnant women, causing miscarriage, fetal malformations and so on. Toxoplasma gondii can be widely parasitic in humans, mammals, birds, and certain aquatic animals. Most infections in animals are latent or asymptomatic latent infections. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that includes five stages of development: trophozoites, capsulars, fissocitars, gametophytes, and oocysts. Trophozoites and cysts are present in the intermediate host, and mesosomes, gametosomes, and oocysts appear in the terminal host cat. Cats act as the terminal host of Toxoplasma gondii, in which toxoplasma gondii can complete all stages of development and excrete the egg sac through feces.
Toxoplasma gondii is distributed worldwide, with an estimated 1/3 of people worldwide infected with Toxoplasma gondii. The average infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii in China is 7.88%, and the infection rate is obviously high in some special groups, such as pregnant women and tumor patients. The average infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii in the world is 30% to 4O.
3 Lung trematodiasis
Lung fluke disease, also known as "cohodigodsis", is caused by several species of conjunctival flukes in the family Conjunctividae, which parasitize the lung tissue of dogs, cats, and people, and are occasionally found in the brain, spinal cord, and other organs. The most common is the Weix paroxysmosis, which is mainly prevalent in Zhejiang, Taiwan and northeast China. There are also Si's cohodosis, which are found in Guangdong, Sichuan, Jiangxi and Guizhou provinces. It happens on all continents. Wesperus breeds the blood and tissues of its final host (cat) and can live for 6 to 20 years. Almost everywhere there is water, snails, and crabs, the disease occurs. Aquatic products are widely circulated, and people in non-epidemic areas may also eat aquatic products with cysticercosis shipped from the epidemic areas. People in non-affected areas are more at risk than locals when they enter endemic areas due to lack of immunity. When traveling or traveling, when tasting aquatic products, you should pay attention to eating or cysticercles, and do not eat raw or semi-raw aquatic products.
Symptoms in dogs and cats are lack of energy, cough, difficulty breathing, and often pneumothorax. When the worm body forms a sac in the brain tissue, it can have severe neurological symptoms. In humans, there are many hidden infections in endemic areas, and the clinical manifestations are not obvious. Acute infection manifests loss of appetite, fatigue, weight loss, and low-grade fever. Severe chills, high fever, night sweats, with chest pain, chest tightness, cough, abdominal pain, or diarrhea. Chronic infections predominate from injuries to a certain organ. Lesions are predominantly in the lungs, with cough, chest pain, blood cough, and rust-colored sputum as the main manifestations. If the lesion is mainly in the intestine or liver, it is mainly manifested by repetition, abdominal pain, and hepatomegaly.
4 Lyme disease
Lyme disease is a multisystem disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, also known as borrelia, which is a naturally pathogenic zoonotic disease transmitted by ticks. The disease has been linked to polyarthritis in dogs, cats, cattle, horses and people. China has confirmed the existence of natural foci of Lyme disease in 18 provinces and districts. There is no evidence that Borrelia burgdorferi can be transmitted directly between dogs, cats, livestock, or animal owners, but dogs are more likely to be infected with Borrelia burgdorferi than humans because dogs are more likely to come into contact with ticks and are not easily repelled when bitten by ticks, making the bite time longer. Dogs may also be asymptomatic carriers of Borrelia burgdorferi, a source of infection in the surrounding population. Domestic dogs and cats may also bring infected ticks into the home or community. The potential for transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi in the urine of dogs makes it potentially public healthly significant.
Dogs suffer from Lyme disease, which shows fever, anorexia, fatigue, joint enlargement, and claudication. Renal dysfunction. Cats mainly present with anorexia, fatigue, joint enlargement, and claudication. In people, after being bitten by ticks, chronic erythema migratory, fever, chills, headache, muscle migratory pain, arthralgia, followed by neurological symptoms and cardiac abnormalities.
5 Scabies mite disease
Scabies mites are also known as scabies ringworms, scabies mites caused by scabies mites are also called scabies ringworm disease. Scabies mites are distributed all over the world, and scabies mites are found in humans and many animals. The mites that cause scabies mites and the mites that cause scabies mites are very similar in morphology, but the hosts they parasitize are different, and their pathogenicity is also different, although cross-infection can occur, but the pathogenicity in non-specific hosts is weaker and the survival period is shorter, so it has been considered that they are not the same species in the past. In recent years, some scholars have believed that mites that parasitize humans and animals are the same species, only because they have long been parasitic on different hosts, forming subspecies suitable for certain animals.
How to prevent it? measure?
When we take a cute kitten or puppy home, it is best to take it to the pet hospital first, let the doctor give them a detailed physical examination, and only take them home when they are healthy, and do regular vaccination, insect repellent, and lice prevention. Educate puppies how to get along with people, it is best to regularly urinate and urinate, minimize excessively intimate behavior with people (kissing, eating, sleeping together), of course, going out for a walk and leading the dog, protecting the cleanliness and hygiene of the community environment is also very necessary.
Strengthen the research on diagnostic techniques and prevention methods of zoonotic diseases in dogs and cats. At present, research on the diagnosis of zoonotic diseases in dogs and cats is relatively weak, with a main focus on rabies research. Increase investment, constantly explore and grasp the pathogenesis and characteristics of zoonotic diseases in dogs and cats, and research and develop rapid, cheap and easy-to-operate detection methods, which is quite necessary for the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases in dogs and cats.
Establish a perfect system for the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases in dogs and cats. In the past, in the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases, the main focus was on economic animals. However, with the continuous growth of the number of urban pets, the change of the way people raise dogs and cats, the problem of human and animal diseases of dogs and cats will become more and more prominent, and a set of perfect prevention and control systems will be established as soon as possible, which can provide a reliable guarantee for the healthy development of China's pet industry, human health and social stability.