The Zhou Dynasty seized power in the bloody storm, the new Dynasty's jianwu king did not implement the follow-up plan before he left the west, the young king Cheng, with the assistance of his uncle Zhou Gong, successfully survived one political crisis after another, and a newborn regime finally gained a firm foothold in the storm. After a series of military and political reforms, the Duke of Zhou handed over a Zhou Dynasty that was about to prosper to King Cheng of Zhou. After King Cheng of Zhou came to power, he continued to consolidate his feudal rule and practice the Zhou ritual system, opening the first clearly documented Taiping dynasty in Chinese history, the "Rule of Cheng Kang". "Cheng" means King Cheng of Zhou; "Kang" means King Kang of Zhou. At the time of Cheng Kang's reign, the world was at peace, and the punishment was not used for more than forty years, and the term "China" appeared for the first time in Chinese history during the Zhou Dynasty, and it has been used to this day.
周成王六措并举为“成康之治”提供了全方位的体制和机制保证
The first measure: military parade to establish prestige and deter the princes
With the planning and assistance of his uncle Zhou Gong, King Cheng of Zhou held a large-scale hunting activity in Qishan, using the captured prey as a sacrifice for sacrifice, and all the princes of the world participated in it, known in history as the "Sou Ceremony". The elite of the Zhou royal family poured out of the nest, and the princes of the world saw that the Zhou royal family was strong and strong, the flag was covered by the sun, and the mighty master of the strong army and sharp armor was timid, and the leadership style of the King of Zhou Cheng in the ceremony calmly swallowed the mountains and rivers made the princes of the world deeply impressed, creating a very good public opinion atmosphere for King Zhou Cheng to create a prosperous world.
The second measure: to commend Zhou Gong and to win the hearts and minds of the people
After the death of the Duke of Zhou in the fourth year of the reign of King Cheng, King Cheng specially decreed that the Duke of Zhou could enjoy the ritual of sacrifice of the Son of Heaven, and crowned the eight sons of the Duke of Zhou as the monarchs of the Kingdom of Fan, the State of General, the State of Xing, the State of Lu, the State of Mao, the State of Qi, and the State of Sacrifice, and one of the sons inherited the title of Duke of Zhou. Manifest the king's heart to the world, and use gratitude to further win the hearts of the people of the world.
The third measure: advocating morality and prudently using criminal law
The Zhou Dynasty has changed from the monarchy of the Xia and Shang dynasties to the ruling concept of combining the granting of heaven, the granting of the people, and the granting of land, and the change of the concept of governance has emerged the first time in Chinese history that the Taiping Dynasty has been clearly recorded- "The Rule of Chengkang", laying the foundation of the Zhou Dynasty for eight hundred years.
Heavenly Gifting: Accept the Mandate of Heaven and honor Heaven.
Granting the people: Accept the people's orders and love the people.
Granting land: Accepting land, Matilda.
The fourth measure: strengthen political power and refine the system
Bureaucracy: Zhou Tianzi relied on the bureaucracy to administer the central ruling area with the capital as the core, and was the central institution.
Historical records show that in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were fifty kinds of official positions, which developed to seventy-nine in the middle period and eighty-four in the late period. With the passage of time, the division of official positions in the Western Zhou Became More and More Detailed, with more and more levels, more and more obvious levels, and the bureaucracy became larger and larger.
The supreme ruler of the Zhou Dynasty was Zhou Tianzi, and the central body was led by Taishi and Taibao, which were divided into Qing Shiliao and Taishiliao.
Taishiliao includes internal history, imperial history, middle history, and provincial history.
Internal History: Responsible for foreign affairs, writing royal decrees and divination.
Imperial History: Responsible for documents and archives, the functions of the imperial history have changed in later generations.
Zhongshi: Responsible for criminal law, overlapping with the functions of the Sikou.
Provincial History: Responsible for the negligence of the responsible official, similar to the imperial history of later generations.
Qing Shi was in charge of the dynasty's "three affairs and four sides". The so-called "three things" refers to the three major political affairs within Wang Qi; "Sifang" refers to the affairs of princes other than Wang Qi.
Princely system: each princely state manages its own country, if the bureaucracy is compared to the brain of the Zhou Dynasty, then the princely system is the blood vessel of the Zhou Dynasty.
The fifth measure: to administer the princes and strengthen the rule
According to the relationship between the Zhou royal family and the various princely states, from relatives to relatives can be roughly divided into the following categories:
Blood relations: such as the Zhou royal family and the same clan of the princely states
Meritorious Heroes: Such as Jiang Taigong, who was enfeoffed with the state of Qi, and so on
Positive attitude: For example, the ancient kingdoms that existed in the Xia and Shang dynasties, they had a positive attitude of submitting to the Zhou Dynasty and became a vassal state of the new dynasty.
Marginal vassal states: This was the object of the Zhou Dynasty's desperate desire to control and conquer. The Zhou Dynasty adopted a strategy of both pulling and fighting against them.
The Zhou royal family used the "five services" to manage the various princely states into categories. The "five services" are the State Inner Dian Costume, the State Outer Hou Costume, the Hou Wei Bin Suit, the Barbarian Yi Yao Suit, and the Rong Di Desert Suit.
Dianfu: The area of 500 miles of the capital provided production and life for the Zhou royal family.
The rules and duties are to provide for the daily sacrifices
HouFu: Guarding the borders of the Zhou royal family against foreign enemies.
The duty and duty is to provide for the monthly sacrifices.
Binfu: A descendant of a previous dynasty, this dynasty is a guest.
The rules and duties are the sacrifices of the four hours of provision
To serve: Specifically refers to the princely states in the southeast of the Zhou Dynasty.
The rules and obligations are annual tributes.
Desert Clothing: Refers specifically to the nomadic peoples in the northwest.
Duties and obligations were to submit to the Zhou Dynasty.
In order to strengthen feudal rule, the Zhou royal family also appointed officials to the princely states to serve as the secretaries of state or the overseers of the princely states. The three secretaries of the great princely states were all appointed by the Zhou royal family, and two of the three secretaries of the middle princely states were appointed by the Zhou royal family. The Zhou royal family also set up many supervisory officials in the princely states, such as supervision of the army, yingjian, rongjian, province, Ning, and envoy, to supervise the princely states in an all-round way. At the same time that the Zhou Dynasty implemented the system of sub-feudalism, it began to have signs of despotism.
Sixth measure: strengthen the army and refine the military
The army of the Zhou Dynasty consisted of three branches, namely the Tiger Ben Army, the Saturday Division, and the Zhou Eighth Division. The Tiger Army was Zhou Tianzi's Janissaries. The Saturday Division was stationed near The Jing of Emperor Zhou, also known as the Western Sixth Division. The Eighth Zhou Division garrisoned Luoyang to terrorize the princes of the world.
Five men are in the army, five are two, four and two are pawns, five pawns are brigades, five brigades are divisions, and five divisions are troops.
A division of two thousand five hundred men, the Zhou Dynasty army is estimated to be more than seventy-five thousand people.
In order to further restrain the princely states, Zhou Tianzi also made strict regulations for the armies of the princely states: the six armies of the tianzi, the three armies of the great princely states, the two armies of the medium princely states, and the one army of the small princely states, and the princely states must not exceed the system.
Zhou Tianzi truly achieved his best words among the princes of the world, and Qian Gang was dictatorial. The ritual system of forming a hierarchical sequence of heavenly sons, princes, secretaries, doctors, and scholars has managed the whole society in an orderly manner.
King Cheng of Zhou was seriously ill for thirty-seven years, and summoned Gong Shuang and Bi Gonggao to instruct Ji Zhao, and this testament was included in the "Gu Ming" section of the "Book of Shang", and from then on, there was a title of "Gu Ming Minister" in Chinese history.
周康王被后世称颂的三件事
Ji Zhao's succession history is called "King Kang of Zhou", king Kang is a typical lord of shoucheng, who lived all over the world when he succeeded to the throne, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment.
First thing: At the beginning of the succession, he issued a political manifesto, "Kang Xuan", which elaborated on the policy of governing the country. During his reign, he obeyed the Zhou rites, worked tirelessly to govern the country in accordance with the established policy, and fulfilled his ruling obligations in a down-to-earth manner, so that the "rule of Chengkang" reached its peak.
The second thing: In the twenty-fifth year of King Kang, the ghost side invaded the northwest border, and the king of Zhou Kang sent the general Lu to lead a large army to attack the ghost side, and the ghost side dispatched troops to meet the battle. After two battles, the Zhou army won a complete victory, killing more than 4,800 people from the Ghost Side, capturing four tribal leaders and more than 13,000 people from the Ghost Side, capturing a large number of carts, horses, cattle, and sheep, and expelling the Ghost Fang clan to the farther west. The great victory over the ghost fang further established the authority of King Kang of Zhou, and the princes of the world were satisfied and convinced.
The third thing: the world is determined, King Kang of Zhou, in order to show the prestige of Zhou Tianzi, convened a large-scale assembly of the princes of the world in Fenggong, known in history as the "Dynasty of Fenggong", and "The Rule of Chengkang" reached its peak.