On 733 years ago today, on April 25, 1284 (the ninth day of the fourth lunar month), King Edward II of England was born.
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Edward II (Edward II, 25 April 1284 (733 – 21 September 1327), King of England (reigned 1307–1327), was a member of the Plantagenet dynasty. His whole life was dominated by his favored courtiers and rebellious nobles, so that he eventually died a tragic death. Buried in Gloucester Cathedral.
Edward II was born in Wales in 1284 as the eldest son of Edward I. When he was young, the king's father was often absent, and he grew up living with his mother. After the death of his mother in 1290, his father Edward I became more and more grumpy, often treating him harshly, and Edward II grew up in this environment to gradually develop a cowardly, shy, and unmasculine character.
Edward I did not like this useless son, so he did not teach him much about governing the country. After the death of Edward I in 1307, Edward II ascended the throne, but he had no idea how to run this powerful country. Thus, the power fell into the hands of Edward II's closest friend and lover, Pierce Gaverston. Edward II caused resentment among the nobility for granting the Earldom of Cornwall to Gaverston. In 1309, led by Thomas, Duke of Lancaster, nephew of Edward II, the nobles formed an alliance against the king. In 1310, the aristocratic group succeeded in forcing Edward II to form a reform committee. The Commission drew up a set of regulations limiting the power of the King, which was passed by Parliament. At the strong request of the nobility, Edward II expelled Gaverston from the country, but later secretly took it back; As a result, Gaverston was executed by angry nobles in June 1312.
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In 1313 Edward II urged Pope Clement V to appoint his favorite, Worcester Bishop Walter Reynolds, as Archbishop of Canterbury. But then he broke with Reynolds.
In 1314, Edward II led a large army against King Robert I of Scotland in an attempt to once again place its northern neighbor under English rule. However, at the Battle of Bannockburn, the English army was beaten by the Scots. Edward II's reputation was damaged and he was further manipulated by the nobility. By 1315, Thomas of Lancaster was in power. In that year, England was in danger of a Scottish invasion: Robert I entered England with his troops and sent his brother Edward Bruce to conquer the English possession of Ireland. In 1316, Edward Bruce had been proclaimed King of Ireland.
Edward II at this time had two new favors: the Despenser fathers and sons, whose practice of dividing up the land for them was fiercely opposed by the nobility. In 1321, Congress declared the exile of the Despenser father and son, and Edward supported Despenser by force. Thomas of Lancaster led a rebellion against the nobility, which resulted in the defeat and execution of Edward II (1322). Edward II was able to escape the long-term control of the nobility as a result of this military success. In 1323, Edward recognized Robert I as King of the independent Kingdom of Scotland, thus achieving peace between the two countries.
The flying prowess of the Despenser father and son caused dissatisfaction among Isabella of France, Queen Edward II. In 1325 Isabella returned to France to arrange the marriage of her son, where she became the mistress of a young nobleman, Roger Mordim, who had been exiled by Edward II for opposing Despenser. In 1326, Isabella and Mortimer led exiled nobles to invade England. Their activities were most likely supported by Isabella's brother, King Charles IV of France. The invaders won the victory with Edward II's domestic opponents, and they executed the Despenser fathers and sons.
In 1327, The Parliament deposed Edward II. The queen forced Edward II to pass the throne to their son Edward III, and put the rebellious Edward II in prison. In 1327, the Queen ordered Edward II to be executed. Because she hated her gay husband to the bone, the method of executing Edward II was quite cruel, and the murderer was ordered to insert a red-hot iron bar into Edward II's anus, and Edward II's screams before his death spread to the villages miles away.
The new King Edward III was originally in favor of his mother and against his old and unorthodox father. But at this time, Isabella and her lover monopolize power, the 15-year-old little king is not going to do it, this child is also a little hero, and his nest father is very different. He attacked his mother and Mordima Chinese New Year's Eve 1328, killing Mordima and imprisoning him. Isabella died after thirty years in captivity. Edward III often visited his mother regularly.
In 1328, king Charles VI of France died, the Gapé dynasty was extinct, Edward III, as the grandson of King Philip IV of France, asked to be king of France, but the French chose Philip VI and founded the Wallois Dynasty.
Edward III rose up in anger and launched the Hundred Years' War between England and France.
Edward III's eldest son, Edward the Black Prince, was a famous warrior. The two men led the British army in battle, so in the early stage of the Hundred Years' War between England and France, the British army was victorious, and the Black Prince also captured King John II of France, forcing France to cut off the land and seek peace.
The gay king's father and children and grandchildren, heroic, but he was a faint prince, died of death. The deeds of Edward II, in addition to being mentioned in "Braveheart", there is a film "Edward II" dedicated to him, the director of this film is AIDS carrier, the famous British gay director Derek Jarman. The gay director, when he learned he was an AIDS carrier, created one film after another with a very personal style, including Edward II in 1991. Jarman died of AIDS in 1994.