Twill nocturnal moth, beet nocturnal moth, silver nocturnal moth, vegetable green worm is an important pest on open vegetables, the host involves cruciferous, nightshade fruit, melon vegetables, aquatic vegetables and other vegetables, they mainly eat vegetable leaves, severe will be eaten by the leaves, greatly reducing the yield and quality of vegetables. In recent years, in Jiangsu, the beet moth has also seriously harmed fresh corn, green onions, asparagus, etc. in spring and summer, and has also seriously harmed fruit trees such as peach and mulberry in some areas. At present, several nocturnal moth pests in vegetable fields are mainly controlled by chemical pesticides.
Chlorhexensis benzamide is a highly effective broad-spectrum pesticide that has a good control effect on Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Mothidae, BorerIdae, Rotiidae, Wheat Moth, And Fine Moth. Chloranthropteran benzamide is minimally toxic and safe for pesticide practitioners and beneficial insects, fish and shrimp. The effectiveness period can reach more than 15 days, there is no residual impact on agricultural products, and the mixing performance with other pesticides is good.
Pesticide adjuvant has the functions of synergy and drug saving, such as without reducing the efficacy, the combination of auxiliary and pesticide to prevent wheat gibberellosis, rice field longitudinal leaf borer and stripe blight can reduce the amount of pesticide use by 20% to 30%; pesticide auxiliary double creation in octyl thion control leek maggots can reduce the amount of octyl thiophos by 30% to 40%.
Qigong is a new type of pesticide additive, which can be used with pesticides such as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, growth regulators and other pesticides, which can play a good synergistic effect. In order to further improve the control effect of several important pests on open-field vegetables, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and ensure the production safety and product safety of open-field vegetables, in 2018, the author conducted research on the control and safety of important pests of open-ground vegetables such as chloranthrum benzamide, as well as chlorant-worm benzamide and synergistic additive Qigong, on the control and safety of important pests of twill nocturnal moths, beet moths, silver nocturnal moths, and green worms, in order to provide new methods and means for vegetable pest control and pesticide reduction.
1 Materials and methods
1.1 Test materials
The vegetables for the test are kale, and the varieties are Lake Moon. At the time of the test, kale was in the 5 to 6 leaf stage. Select plots where the plant growth is basically the same, the production management measures are consistent, and the occurrence of nocturnal moth pests is relatively uniform. Test agent: 5% chlorhexabenzamide suspension, produced by DuPont in the United States; Qigong, the main ingredient is silicone, guilin Jiqi Biochemical Co., Ltd. production.
1.2 Test methods
(1) Test cell setting
The test was conducted from September 4 to 18, 2018 at the broccoli planting base in Zhengji Town, Tongshan District, Xuzhou City. Each experiment was conducted in a small area with an area of 30 square meters, and the test area was randomly arranged. The trial was repeated 3 times.
(2) Field insect volume survey
Five sampling points were taken from each community, 5 kale plants were surveyed at fixed points, and the number of twill nocturnal moths, beet moths, silver-streaked nocturnal moths, and vegetable green insects on the kale leaf by leaf was investigated, and the 1st to 3rd year old was recorded as young larvae, and 4 years and above were recorded as advanced larvae.
(3) Efficacy test of 5% chlorantine benzamide suspension on 4 kinds of pests
It took place on September 4, 2018. The test cell is set up with the same as 1.2 (1); 667㎡ with 5% chloranthropoxybenzoamide suspension 50mL of 40kg of water, using piggyback electric sprayer spray, the application time is 16:00 ~ 18:00, spraying water as a control. The amount of insects of the four pests was investigated three days after the drug, and the amount of insects was investigated according to the method of 1.2 (2), and the prevention effect and overall control effect of the elderly larvae and young larvae were calculated respectively, and the corrected prevention effect (%) = (1 - post-drug treatment area× pre-drug control area / post-drug control area ×pre-drug treatment area) ×100.
(4) Synergistic effect of 5% chloranthroid benzamide suspension agent and qigong on the control of 4 pests
A total of four treatments were set up in the experiment, and the drug was administered at the peak of the young larvae of the twill moth on September 8. Each 667 ㎡ with 5% chloranthrum benzamide suspension 50mL + Qigong 5mL + water 40kg, 5% chlorofuran benzamide suspension 50mL + Qigong 5mL + water 20kg, 5% chlorofuran benzamide suspension 35mL + Qigong 5mL + water 20kg3 mixed treatment, respectively, as treatment A, B, C, each 667 ㎡ with 5% chlorofuran benzamide suspension 50mL + water 40kg as a control (CK). The method and time of administration are the same as 1.2(3). The test was conducted once a day after the drug was taken 3 or 10 days, and the amount of insects was investigated according to the method of 1.2 (2), and the prevention effect was calculated based on the total number of all insect ages of the four pests.
(5) Safety evaluation of crops
Visual inspection is used. After administration, the growth of kale was observed regularly to see whether there was a difference between the growth of the treatment area and the control area.
1.3 Data Processing
The test data was processed by the day PS software and statistically analyzed by Duncan's new compound difference method.
2 Results and analysis
2.1 Occurrence status of the four main pests in the field
The field system survey found (Table 1) that there were large differences in the occurrence of four species of pests in the kale field, namely the twill moth, the beet moth, the silver moth moth, and the cabbage moth, among which the twill moth was the dominant population, and the amount of insects accounted for 65.3% of the total number of the four pests, and the insect amount of the other three species was 9.2%, the silver moth 18.4%, and the cabbage moth 7.0%. It can also be seen from Table 1 that the three pests of field twill moth, beet moth and silver moth are mainly young larvae, and young larvae account for 88.80%, 71.70% and 81.25% respectively, while the green cabbage moth is slightly different from other three pests, and the proportion of young larvae is low, 25.0%.
Since the twill moth is the dominant species in the field, the control test was selected to be carried out at the peak of the young larvae of the twill moth.
Control effect of 2.2 5% chlorhete benzamide suspension on 4 pests
The 5% chloranthroid benzamide suspension has a good control effect on twill moth, beet moth, silver moth and small cabbage moth. It can be seen from Table 2 that the spraying of 5% chlorine benzamide suspension 50mL/667㎡, in addition to the elderly larvae of the beet noctuidae moth, has a good control effect on the young larvae of the beet moth and other 3 pests.
Three days after the drug, the control effect on young larvae and elderly larvae of green vegetables reached 100%, the control effect on young larvae of twill moth, beet moth and silver moth was more than 92%, and the anti-effect on the elderly larvae of twill moth and silver moth was more than 84%. It can also be seen from Table 2 that the overall control effect of 5% chlorantoid benzamide suspension 50mL/667㎡ against three kinds of nocturnal moth pests and green worms is more than 77%, and the overall control effect of twill moth, silver moth and cabbage moth is more than 91%.
2.3 Control effect of 5% chlorpyrifos benzamide suspension with Qigong on 4 pests
As can be seen from Table 3, every 667 square meters with 5% chlorantranoid benzamide suspension 50mL + Qigong 5mL + water 40kg, the overall control effect of 4 pests in 3 and 10 days after the drug was increased by 3.67% and 3.14% compared with the control, respectively, it can be seen that the addition of synergistic auxiliaries qigong in chlorobet benzamide can improve the control effect. In addition, when the water consumption was reduced from 40kg/667㎡ to 20kg/667㎡, the prevention effect of treatment of B drug for 3 and 10 days was increased by 8.79% and 4.25% respectively compared with treatment A, and the prevention effect of treatment B increased by 12.78% and 7.11% respectively compared with the control.
After adding the synergistic additive Qigong to chlorhexabenzamide, the pesticide dosage is reduced by 30%, and the desired prevention effect can still be achieved. From Table 3, it can be seen that the dosage of chlorhexenamide decreased from 50mL/667㎡ to 35mL/667㎡, and the anti-efficacy of C drug in 3 and 10 days decreased by only 0.16% and 0.95% compared with treatment A, respectively; however, compared with the control, the anti-efficacy after treatment of C drug was increased by 12.61% and 6.10%, respectively.
5% chloranthrum benzamide suspension and Qigong mixed with the main pest of vegetables not only has a better control effect, but also has a good effectiveness, as can be seen from Table 3, 10 days after the drug, the treatment of A, B, C on the comprehensive control effect of 4 kinds of pests are more than 95%, it can be seen that in the use of 5% chlorobeam benzamide suspension to control 4 kinds of vegetable pests, the addition of Qigong can achieve reduction, efficiency, labor saving, water saving.
2.4 Safety of pharmaceutical treatment for vegetables
1, 3 and 10 days after the drug, visual inspection of the growth of kale in each treatment area found that each cell was growing well, there was no obvious difference with the control, and no obvious drug harm occurred. It can be seen that each agent treatment is safe for kale growth at the experimental dose.
3 Conclusions and discussion
3.1 5% chlorhexendodenum suspension plus chigong service time
Chlorantraniliprosis benzamide is an ideal agent for the control of Lepidoptera pests, with the characteristics of fast, efficient, slightly toxic, and safe for humans and animals. This study found that when 50mL + 40kg of water were used for 5% chloranthroid benzamide suspension per 667 square meters, the control effect of the four pests was more than 77%, of which the overall control effect of the twill moth, the silver moth and the green worm was more than 91%, showing a good control effect. In general, chemical pesticides are more effective against young larvae than older larvae, and similar results were achieved in this study with chlorantrane benzamide control of chamomile pests.
In order to reduce the cost of prevention and control and reduce the amount of pesticides used, several pests of the same type with similar occurrence periods are often treated in production, and the application time is the key to improving the comprehensive prevention effect. This study found that among the four kinds of pests that occurred in the field, the occurrence period and development progress of the twill moth, the silver moth and the beet moth were similar in the field, and although the development progress of the green worm was relatively fast, the 5% chloranthrum benzamide suspension had a good prevention effect on the insect ages of the green worm. Therefore, the use of chlorhexabenz benzamide in production to control the main pests of vegetables should be strengthened, and the drug control should be selected during the peak period of the occurrence of young larvae of the twill moth to improve the effect of integrated control.
3.2 Mixing technology of chlorantraniliproser benzamide and Qigong
Pesticide auxiliaries are a general term for other auxiliary substances other than pesticide active ingredients used in the processing or application of pesticide dosage forms, of which the largest amount of use is silicone spray additives. When the silicone additive is used in imidacloprid, acetamiprid, alenazole and other agents to control vegetable whiteflies, the dosage of the agent can be reduced by 33.3% to 50.0% under the condition of ensuring the control effect. Synergistic additives are increasingly used in the prevention and control of horticultural crop pests and rice pests.
Synergistic additive Qigong is an agricultural silicone that significantly improves the ability of the liquid to be wet and spread on the surface of plants. In the commonly used prevention and treatment agents, the auxiliary Qigong is added, and the prevention effect of potato late blight can reach 80.46% to 88.09% in the case of reducing the dosage of the drug by 10% to 30%.
This study found that the control effect of the main pest of kale can be improved by reducing the amount of pesticides by 30% per 667 square meters (35mL with 5% chlorhexenamide), adding 5mL of Qigong, and reducing water consumption by 50% (20kg). Therefore, when using 5% chlorantant benzamide suspension to control kale pests, the addition of Qigong has multiple effects of efficiency, drug saving, water saving and labor saving, and truly realizes the reduction and control of pests and green prevention and control.
About the author: Yu Ganjun, male, extension researcher
His research interests are green control technology for vegetable pests
E-mail:[email protected]
The information comes from "Yangtze River Vegetables" november 2019