Yang's Haiyuan Pavilion is one of the four major library buildings in the late Qing Dynasty, and its library is not only Haiyuan Pavilion, but also Hongnong Bingshe, because the Yang family has painted the "Hongnong Bingshe Book Collection", so this library is also well known. However, there are not many people mentioned in the Tao Nanshan Museum of another collection, and if we talk about the quality of the collection, in fact, more than half of the fine works collected by yang are hidden here.
The main entrance of Tao Nanshan Hall
At that time, people who knew the situation sometimes used Tao Nan as the Yang family's collection. For example, Dong Kang said in the "Records of the Book of Yang": "Fang is now in the Central Plains for many reasons, the literature is left behind, and the Tao Nan family can only be kept unharmed." Fu Zengxiang also said in the "Chronicle of the Collection of Books in Haiyuan Pavilion": "The Yang clan not only copied all the ancient carvings of the famous families of the ming dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, but also wrote them in the fine school of Qianjia and the Huang and Gu people, which were gathered in one door, and became the capital of the northern books." The sea looks up to it, like a jingxing qingyun. The first home is out of Taonan, secluded in the East China Sea, not a thousand miles of life, there is no reason to glimpse. ”
Wen Bao brand
Then most people in the world regarded Haiyuan Pavilion as the most important place for Yang's books, as Jiang Biao said in the book "Liaocheng Yang's Haiyuan Pavilion Bibliography": "Wuzhong's collection of books, a few days after Gengshen is complete, and the things in the hundreds of centimeters are even rarer like the star wind. ”
Jiangnan was originally a land of profound humanities, since the Ming and Qing dynasties, it is also the center of China's book collection, and later because of the war, some important library treasures in Jiangnan were scattered, and many of them were returned to Liaocheng Yang Yizeng. And Haiyuan Pavilion is in the north of China, so that Jiang Biao sighed that the real hinterland of Lang Huan is Tao Nanshan Pavilion, he did not say that it was Haiyuan Pavilion, which shows that he is an insider.
Mr. Kong Qingzhen is explaining
If in terms of distance, Haiyuan Pavilion is located in Liaocheng, Tao Nanshan Pavilion is in Feicheng, there is a distance of more than a hundred miles between the two, why did the Yang family build two libraries so far apart, this is directly related to the war at that time. Regarding its specific situation, Yang Baoyi, the grandson of Yang Yizeng, is described in detail in the "Record of rebuilding the Meiyuan Garden of Taonan Mountain Villa", which first states:
For the remainder of three years, Wei Xianfeng Jiayin (1854) Ding Kou was in turmoil. North and south of the river, the people of the river are swarming. Shi Wu's ancestor Duan Qin commander Nanhe was ordered to rule the army in the north of the river, and he was very sick with overwork. And the reverse of the north, the fall of several frontiers, the shaking of shenjing. My father's bachelor publicly served my grandmother's wife's home. The atmosphere of the secret is tight, and the hearts of the people are anxious. My father plotted to alleviate the difficulties and avoid the chaos with his father, Mr. Fu Qiuping.
Happy
In the fourth year of Xianfeng, when Yang Baoyi was three years old, the Taiping Army's Northern Expedition reached the Shandong area, and some bandits also appeared in the local area, and Yang Yizeng was sent to the Qingjiang area of Jiangsu to block the Taiping Army. Because of the urgency of the situation, Yang Yizeng was unable to take care of his family, and everything in the family was taken care of by Yang Shaohe, the son of Yang Yizeng. Yang Shaohe saw that the situation was becoming more and more tense, so he consulted with his father-in-law Fu Qiuping on countermeasures.
Side
Fu Qiuping's original name was Fu Zhi, later changed his name to Shengxun, the character Jiewu, the number Qiuping, he was also a native of Dongchang Province, Shandong, and the official was the Inspector of Zhejiang and jiangsu. Fu Qiuping had different political views with the governor Lu Jianyin, and at this time he was resigning from his official residence. He has rich social experience, and after hearing He Shaohe's remarks, he put forward the following suggestions on the principle of "living in the countryside in great chaos and living in the city in small chaos":
Things are at stake. Sons and sons should be martyred (martyred) to the kingdom. However, The people of Matilda must not be without a queen. I smell that it is a hundred miles away from my county, the ancient fat country has land, the territory is remote and mountainous, the soil is fertile and the people are pure. The so-called Taoyuan seems to be a thing. The son follows the mother and the son to live there, and then it is also possible to relieve the father's difficulties.
Village view
Fu Qiuping believed that the situation at this moment was very dangerous, and it was reasonable to say that the minister should go to the country to be difficult, but according to the Confucian concept, he could not be left behind. He heard that there was an ancient fat country a hundred miles away from Liaocheng, where the environment was relatively quiet, the land was fertile, the folk customs were simple, much like the paradise described by Tao Yuanming, so he suggested that Yang Shaohe build a secret manor there, settle down his family, and then go to help his father relieve the national difficulties. Thus: "The bachelor obeyed, and the Tao Nan Mountain Villa Bu Zhu was born." ”
It can be seen that the Tao Nanshan Pavilion was proposed by Fu Qiuping, although it is difficult to find the specific time of the construction of this mountain villa, but according to Yang Baoyi's words in this record, it must be built in the year or after the fourth year of Xianfeng. Because this is the refuge of the Yang family, the Yang family has different ways of referring to this place in various documents, in addition to the Tao Nanshan Pavilion, it is also called Tao Nan Villa, Tao Nan Villa, Hua Shu Zhuang, Garden, Mei Garden, etc.
There is no word on the wall
As for why it is called Taonan, many articles believe that this is because this is the Yang family's hermitage, and Fu Qiuping also said that the place resembles a taoyuan when describing the situation there to Yang Shaohe. What's more, Tao Yuanming is a hermit, he has the famous sentences of "planting beans under the south mountain, grass is full of bean seedlings" and "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the South Mountain", for this reason, these articles interpret Tao Nan as the South Mountain that Tao Yuanming said. However, Yang Baoyi said in a small note to the fourth poem of the "Gui Zhen Zhai Poetry Banknote And Sentimental Four Poems": "Tao Nan, the name of the servant villa. Diju Dai Xi Tao Nan. Mr. Xitang Taoshan lives here. There are mountain springs and flowers and trees. Thirty miles from Lingyan. The first doctor is in the house. ”
I inadvertently saw someone walking out of the big iron gate
The Tang Tao Mountain mentioned by Yang Baoyi is the famous scholar Tang Zhongmian of the Qing Dynasty, Who was originally a native of Changsha, Hunan Province, and later lived in Shandong, writing the "Tao Shan Wenlu" and "Tao Shan Poetry", because he was called Tao Shan Resident, so the world called it Tang Tao Shan. In the seventh year of Daoguang, after Tang Zhongmian died, his son obeyed the will and buried him in Taoshan. The Tao Mountain mentioned here is located in Feicheng, Shandong, which is the second highest peak of Feicheng. In this way, the name of the Yang family's villa, Tao Nan, is thought to be because it is in the south of Tao Mountain.
Tao Nanshan Pavilion is not only a refuge for the Yang family, but also a place for their family to treasure rare books, because liaocheng, where Haiyuan Pavilion is located, is in danger, so most of the collection in Haiyuan Pavilion where the Yang family is located is hidden in Tao Nanshan Pavilion. Yang Jingfu said in the "Third Period of the Book Collection": "Yu's great-grandfather instructed that the book be divided into two parts, with four-tenths of it hidden in the former residence of Liaocheng and six-tenths of it in Taonan Villa. ”
Look inward through the crack in the door
According to Yang Shaohe's arrangement, 40% of the books in his family's collection were placed in Haiyuan Pavilion, and 60% were transported to Tao Nanshan Pavilion. Because it was safer there, not only were the books transported away large, but all the Rare Books of the Song dynasty and Yuan Dynasty held in the Haiyuan Pavilion were also transported to the Tao Nanshan Pavilion. It can be seen that at one time, the Tao Nanshan Pavilion was the main body of the Yang family's collection.
But what the Yang family did not expect was that under the strong resistance of the Qing army, the Taiping Army failed to occupy the north, but the north raised the Twist Army, and later the Twist Army hit the Feicheng City where Tao NanshanGuan was located, for which the Yang family lost 40% of the books. Regarding the situation at that time, Yang Shaohe said in the inscription of the Song Ben "Mao Poems": "9 Xin You, Anhui Kou disturbed and Qilu's friendship, the beacon fire was thousands of miles, and the areas passed through were scorched earth. At the beginning of February, when the offenders in the western part of Feicheng City were given to the Tao Nanshan Pavilion of Huazhuang for a day and night, they treasured their own pictures and books, and they must have paid for the looting. and Kou retreated, cleaned up the embers, and fortunately there were still five or six. And the Song and Yuan dynasties were burned by many, and the scriptures were especially severe. ”
The door opened
In early February of the eleventh year of Xianfeng, the Twister army reached Feicheng, and they captured the Yang family's Huataozhuang, where they were stationed for a day and night, and Yang Shaohe felt that the books there were probably all burned. After the Twister Army withdrew from Huazhuangzhuang, the Yang family went to clean up the mess and found that 50% or 60% of the books there had not been destroyed, but to their dismay, the part destroyed was mainly Song Yuanben, and yibu had suffered the greatest losses.
According to the traditional concept, the Jingbu Shu is the first of the four parts, and its status is the most respected, which is why Yang Shaohe cares about the Jingbu. To this end, he recorded the damage to some important books in the Records of the Book of Yang, such as the Song Ben "Mao Poems", which was twenty volumes in its entirety, but after the burning, "only eighteen to the last three volumes remained", and seventeen volumes of the twenty volumes were lost. Even so, Yang Shaohe still attached great importance to this book, and Xu Ke wrote in the "Qing Barnyard Banknotes, Appreciation Category, Yang Duanqin Collection":
Follow the left road
Daoguang Ji unitary, Duan Qin purchased the Song Ben "Mao Poems" in Yangzhou Wang Rongfu's home. Xin You, Anhui Kou invaded the western border of Feicheng, according to his Huazhuang Tao Nanshan Pavilion for a day and night, the self-cherished treasures of the map must have been paid for. and Kou retreated, collecting the embers, there are still ten remaining five or six, and the Song and Yuan old rafters are burning alone. Only eighteen to the last three volumes of this edition remain. However, Qian Zunwang said that these books, whether they are complete or not, for example, if the ancient players of Tibet receive half a piece of the wood kiln remnants, they will be regarded as the arch of the heavenly sphere, and the zhenku classics will be read.
At that time, Yang Yizeng bought this Song book "Mao Poem" from Wang Zhongjia, and according to Xu Ke, the book was the treasure of haiyuan pavilion. So Yang Shaohe cleaned up the remnants and worked hard to repair the book. In addition, there are many other jingbu books that the Yang family has lost, among which the Song Ben "Jianben Compilation Diagram Repeats and Emphasizes the Reciprocal Annotation of School Mao Poems", and the part of this book that is lost is "all burned and lost from the twelfth volume", which also loses more than half. Some of the precious Song ben were more seriously damaged, such as the Notes on the Three Continuations of the Thousand Characters, which "only a few pages remained".
Dilapidated houses
In addition to the Jingbu Books, some other important editions have also been badly damaged, and Yang Shaohe tells the fate of some precious books. For example, in the seventh year of Song Qiandao, Cai Mengbi's Dongshu inscription "The Collection of Historical Records of Xie Suoyin" is one hundred and thirty volumes, and for the situation of this book, Yang Shaohe wrote in the second volume of the "Records of the Book of Yang":
Xin Youchun, suffered from the twisting of the chaos, the whole book was destroyed. Nong Ji Kai, with the door of the capital, heavy decoration. And the swirling way across the Sangqian River, the boat overturned the water, the flood waves were turbulent, and it was fleeting, desperately fighting to save it, fortunately not grabbed by Bo Chen. After examination, more than half of the stains have been soaked. This year is more embellished, and the old view is slightly restored. Oh, The Book of Hoz doeye! If you take care of the number of those who are trapped, and the pawns are complete, is it not that there are gods everywhere to protect yahweh? The world is cautious.
Continue
At that time, the Twister Army tore the book all apart, and the next year, Yang Shaohe wanted to take the book to Beijing for renovation, but they did not think that when they crossed the Sangqian River, the boat overturned, and everyone desperately saved the book, but the book had been mostly eroded, but in the end the book was repaired completely.
At that time, there were still many celebrity codexes in the Tao Nanshan Museum, and Yang Shaohe said in the preface to the "Haiyuan Pavilion Treasured Ruler": "The ancestor Duan Qingong traveled in his life, and every time he received a letter from his teacher and friend, he attacked The Emperor, or Shao Shao and Received It. After reading for a long time, the accumulation is complete. Gu Guanyuan has more than a dozen provinces, boats and cars, not without mistakes. In the rebellion of Chengfeng XinYou, those who stored in the Taonan Villa, and more than one red sheep, got more than a thousand pieces of paper, and put them into the pool, all of which were twenty volumes. ”
Patch traces
People who like to collect books also like to keep the codex, yang Yizeng will keep it when he gets a letter from a friend, and then let Yang Shaohe sort it out, and the accumulation of many years has made the Yang family have a large number of rulers. Although there were many official places, none of these codexes suffered losses. When the Twister army hit the Tao Nanshan Pavilion, some of the codex in its collection was lost, and later in the Taiping Army war, it lost a part, but there were still thousands of pages of codex, Yang Shaohe sorted out the remnants and divided it into twenty volumes.
When the Twister army occupied the Tao Nanshan Museum, why didn't they destroy all the books there? Wang Xiantang wrote in the article "The Past and Present of the Yang Haiyuan Pavilion Collection in Liaocheng": "The fields near Huazhuang are mostly the private property of the Yang clan, the so-called Tao Nanshan Pavilion, that is, in its place. Yang's books at that time were mostly hidden here. There are still hundreds of stones, and Tao Nan is also stored. At the beginning of the bandits, the burning and plundering were extremely miserable, and the suitable pillars were chased by them, and they were strictly forbidden, but they were saved from robbery. The only survivor of the Song and Yuan dynasties is also the merit of Ren Zhu. ”
Farming
Most of the books in Haiyuan Pavilion were pulled to the Tao Nanshan Pavilion, in addition, there were hundreds of precious Yantai hidden here, when the Twister Army occupied the Tao Nanshan Pavilion, it was very damaging to the treasures inside, and later Ren Zhu chased after it here and immediately stopped the sabotage of the twister vanguard troops. It was this person who made the Tao Nanshan Library collection not all destroyed, so Wang Xiantang explicitly said that this was ren zhu's work.
Ren Zhu was Ren Huabang, a native of Mengcheng, Anhui, who was the leader of the Blue Banner of the Twisting Army, and Hong Xiuquan named him king of Lu and gave him the name Renhuabang. Unlike the Taiping Army, the Taiping Army would build the land it occupied, and the Twist army would always be a mobile battle, in this regard, Li Hongzhang wrote in a reply letter to Ying Minzhai on November 18, 1966 of Tongzhi: "Twisting is to walk as a profession, and the leaders of Mongolia, Bo, Cao, and Yun Zhi lead the clan men and women to accompany them, running away in poverty, practicing cunning, fathers and brothers dying and their children and sons, if the world abides by the family law." ”
doodle
Regarding Ren Zhu, Li Hongzhang praised him: "However, Ren Zhu has been a hero for ten years, with ten thousand horses, and the horses and soldiers of the three eastern provinces and Mongolia have all been exhausted, and they are really the first class of riding generals today. "Ren Zhu has been in business for ten years, with tens of thousands of warhorses, and the cavalry of the three eastern provinces and Mongolia are good at riding and shooting, although he has eliminated them all, which shows that he is extremely capable of fighting." Of course, Li Hongzhang hated such a person to the bone, but he still couldn't help but praise Ren Zhu as the world's first-class riding and shooting good man.
Later, liu Mingchuan, a general of the Huai Army, bribed Pan Guisheng of the Eastern Twister Army with heavy money, and during the battle, Pan Guisheng took out a gun and killed Ren Zhu at the age of 28. This is the matter of tongzhi for six years, and it can be inferred that when he went to Taonan Mountain Villa, it was six years, when he was only 22 years old. He was so young, why did he have the consciousness of preserving the classics, I have not found the corresponding statement. However, today we can see the old Collection of Song Yuanben in Haiyuan Pavilion treasured in the national map, and we should be grateful for his protection.