The Khitan lived in the upper reaches of the Liao and Luan rivers, still nomadic and fishing and hunting for a living, from the southern and northern dynasties to the Sui Tang, and were still in a clan society. The Khitan were divided into eight divisions, and in the event of a foreign attack, they jointly resisted, so the eight departments had a military leader under the command of one, and each department could not act alone. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the Han people in Hebei and Shanxi continued to move into the Khitan and Tang Wei, and the Central Plains were frequently fought, and the Han people moved to the Khitan more, and the Qihan lived together. < 1> Liao Taizu Yelü Abaoji (872-926) Han name Yi, Khitan name Abaoji, Yelü is a surname. He has courage, is good at riding horses, and is strong and brave. In the spring of the fourth year (907) of Tang Tianyou, he replaced the Yaoyuan clan and served as the leader of the eight khitan tribes for 9 years, and the Yanchi banquet ambushed and killed the seven chiefs to unify the Khitans. In the second year of Later Liang Zhenming (916), he was called the founding of the emperor and the name of the country was Khitan ( Khitan ) , and two years later he established the imperial capital ( southeast of present-day Balin Zuoqi , Inner Mongolia ) Note [ In 947 , the name of the state was changed to Liao , and in 983 – 1066 , it was changed back to < Khitan >] and the imperial capital was changed to Shangjing. The year number of the gods, the praise of heaven, the manifestation of heaven. 916-926 reigned. Writing was made, laws were established, and palace guards and tribal armies were set up. In the first year of the first year, shenji personally led troops to sweep away the remnants of various forces, and also sent troops to the ancient city of Jimsarnan in present-day Xinjiang to take all the northwestern parts. Constantly using troops in the Central Plains, that is, taking the five prefectures of Wei, Xin, Wu, Fei, and Ru in that year. He also entered Juyongguan and ruled the northern land of Jibei with his second son, Yelü Deguang. In the fourth year of Tianzan (926), he captured Buyeo (present-day Sipingxi, Jilin) and besieged the capital city of Kuhan (southwest of present-day Ning'an, Heilongjiang) to destroy the Bohai state. On the way back to the army, he fell ill and died. <2> Liao Taizong Yelü Deguang (902-947) Han name Deguang, Khitan name Yao Bone. Second son of Liao Taizu. Generous personality, strict, heroic ambition, fine riding archery. In the first year of Tianzan (922), he was appointed as the Grand Marshal of the Terracotta Army. The Sixth Army of the United Army is slightly north of Jibei. He fought with Taizu in the east and the west, and repeatedly made military achievements. Liao Taizu died after the death of Shu Lu after the regency of state affairs. The following year he reigned from 927 to 947. The year number is manifested in the sky, and it will be the same, and it will be the same. In the eleventh year of Tianxian's eleventh year, he led an army to attack Later Tang in the south, and established Jinshi Jingtang as emperor, and obtained the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun (present-day Hebei, northern Shanxi Provinces). In the same year (938), the imperial capital Shangjing was expanded, called LinhuangFu. The official system is ruled by customs, the Khitan system is based on the state system, the Han system is used to treat the Han people, and the prefecture and town officials tend to be complete. Successive years of attacks on The Later Jin. After the fall of the Jin Dynasty in the ninth year of the same year, Datong entered the Jin capital Ofeliang in the first year (947). In February, the name of the country was changed to Daliao.
In April, he returned north from Kaifeng and went to Luancheng (present-day Hebei) to die of illness at the age of 46. <3> Liao Shizong Yelü Nguyen (918-951) Han name Ruan, Khitan name Wulu. Nephew of Emperor Taizong of Liao. Eldest son of King Jeroboam of Dandong. Yiguan Fengwei, wide inside and strict on the outside, good at riding and shooting. In the ninth year of huitong (946), he followed Emperor Taizong's attack on Jin and entered Beijing. The following year he was crowned King of Yongkang. In the same year, Emperor Taizong died and was proclaimed emperor by the general Congzheng in Zhenyang. Reigned 947 to 951. In September of the first year of Datong, the year name was changed to Tianlu. Empress Dowager Shishu established Li Hu, the third son of Taizu, as emperor in shangjing, and Ruan led his troops back to the north to Huanghe, where the two armies faced each other. Empress Dowager And Li Hu were defeated and imprisoned in Zuzhou. Reward the meritorious servants, and posthumously honor Yelü Bei, the king of Dongdan, as the emperor of the kingdom. In the fourth year of Tianlu (950), he led an army to attack Later Han, and the following year led an army to attack Later Zhou to save Northern Han, and marched to Xianggu Mountain (present-day Xuanhua, Hebei) in Naturalization Prefecture to be killed by the nobleman ChaChief, at the age of 34. <4> Liao Muzong Yelü Jing (931-969) Han name Jing, Khitan name Shulu. The eldest son of Emperor Taizong of Liao. History calls pride and indulgence, love to kill, good games, not pro-national politics, drinking and sleeping, the Chinese people call "Sleeping King". In the second year (939), king Shou'an was conferred, and in the fifth year of Tianlu (951), he led his troops to kill Cha Xie, and the emperor took the throne. Reigned 951 to 969. The year number should be calendared. During his reign, there were internal strife within the royal family, and there were many rebellions. In the second year of the Calendar (952), aided the Northern Han Dynasty to resist the Later Zhou. In February of the nineteenth year of the Ying Calendar, he was killed by the brother of the near future, at the age of 39.
<5> Liaojingzong Yelüxian (948-982) Han Mingxian, Khitan name Ming, the second son of Emperor Sejong. At the age of 4, he was adopted by Muzong in the palace. He reigned in February 969 and reigned from 969 to 982, with the era name Ofning and Qianheng. During his reign, due to frequent wind diseases, Empress Xiao Was entrusted with state affairs. In the early days of Baoning, he aided the Northern Han Dynasty, retired the Song soldiers, negotiated peace with the Liao and Song dynasties in six years, and destroyed the Northern Han dynasty in the eleventh year. In the second year of Qianheng (980), The Song Dynasty attacked the Liao to Nanjing (present-day Beijing), led the army to march, defeated the Song army at Waqiaoguan (present-day Xiong County, Hebei), and died of illness in Yunzhou (present-day Datong, Shanxi) four years later, at the age of 35. <6> Liao Shengzong Yelü Longxu < 971-1031> Khitan name Manjunu, the eldest son of Liaojingzong. Reigned 982-1031. When he was young, he loved to read, could write poetry, could shoot, knew the rhythm of music, and was good at painting. In 980, he was crowned King of Liang and took the throne in February 982. Year name Tonghe, Kaitai, Taiping. The name of the country was changed to Great Khitan. The young Empress Chengtian came to power and appointed Han Derang, a Han Chinese, in charge of military and political power. In the twenty-seventh year of reunification (1009), the empress dowager died of illness and was pro-government. He made peace with Western Xia, invaded Goryeo in the east, defeated Tatars in the west, and made Ganzhou (present-day Zhangye, Gansu) and Western Uighurs pay tribute. During his reign, he revised laws, freed slaves, reduced their enlistment, straightened out the bureaucracy, and gave good advice. In the sixth year of reunification, the edict opened tributes, opened the branches to take the soldiers, and set up twenty-four departments. It was the heyday of the Liao Dynasty (Empress Chengtian changed to Youfang). It is known as the Lord. Taiping died of illness in the eleventh year at the age of 61. <7> Liaoxingzong Yelü Zongzhen (1016-1055) Khitan name bone, liao shengzong eldest son. In the first year of taiping (1021), he was made crown prince. When he was young, he was intelligent, long, generous, able to ride and shoot, good Atonal, and able to draw. Reigned 1o31-1055. The year name Gyeongbok, Chung Hee. Emperor Xingzong ruled, invading the Northern Song Dynasty, forcing the Northern Song Dynasty to collect silver silk coins. He personally conquered Western Xia and forced Yuan Hao to apologize for his sins. Xi Zhongyuan culture uses Han Chinese, painted with "Thousand Horned Deer Map", Chongxi died of illness in August of 24, at the age of 40. <8> Liao Daozong Yelü Hongji (1032-1101) Khitan name Cha Thorn, liaoxingzong eldest son. Shi said that his personality was calm and strict, and he was intelligent in reading books. Chongxi served as the Grand Marshal of the Terracotta Army for twenty-one years. 1055-1101 on the throne. Era name Qingning, Xianyong, Dakang, Daan, Shouchang. In the ninth year of Qing Ning (1063), Chongyuan plotted against the counterinsurgency, and Chongyuan committed suicide. Yerushalayim was killed in the seventh year (1081) of Dakang. During his reign, he sought to speak out, visited the Tao, developed agriculture, studied Chinese, Confucianism, awarded the Five Classics Tradition, and was a doctorate and an assistant in education. Shouchang died of illness in the seventh year (1101) at the age of 70. <9> Liao Tianzuo Emperor Yelü Yanxi (1075-1128) Khitan name Ago. The eldest grandson of Emperor Daozong of Liao. Shi is known for being good at horseback riding and archery, and he is extremely poor and extravagant. In the seventh year of Da'an (1091), he was a privy envoy of the General North and South Yuan, Shang Shu Ling, and the Grand Marshal of the Terracotta Army. Shouchang reigned in the seventh year. Reigned from 1101 to 1125. The year name is Qiantong, Tianqing, Baoda. In the fifth year of Tianqing (1115), Jurchen finished Yan Aku to build the Jin Kingdom and claim the title of emperor, and personally led soldiers and horses to attack the Jin Kingdom and returned with a great defeat. In the tenth year of Tianqing, Jin attacked Liaoshangjing (present-day BalinZuoqi, Inner Mongolia), in the second year of Baoda (1122) Liaozhongjing (present-day ningcheng west of Inner Mongolia), Nanjing (present-day Beijing) was attacked by Jin, Liaodong (present-day Liaoyang, Liaoning) was captured by Jin in the seventh year of Tianqing (1117), and Liaoxijing (present-day Datong, Shanxi) was captured by Jin. In the second year of Baoda, Emperor Tianzuo defeated Jiashan (in present-day northwestern Hohhot), and in the autumn of the fourth year, he led his army out of Nshan, defeated, and in the fifth year of Baoda (1225), he led the remnants to flee west through the desert and was captured by Jin at Ying prefecture (present-day eastern Yingxian County, Shanxi). Liao was destroyed by Jin.
Emperor Tianzuo was enfeoffed as The Prince of Haibin the following year, but later fell ill and died. < 1> The Eighth Grandson of Emperor Dezong of Western Liao (1094-1143). Fluent in Khitan and Chinese, good at riding and shooting. In the second year of Bao Da, he conspired with Li Chuwen in Nanjing (present-day Beijing) in Liaoning to establish Yelü Chun, the king of Qin and Jin, as emperor and establish northern Liao. The year name jianfu. The leader fought against Jin, was captured at Juyongguan, and in September of the following year led the army to escape and meet Emperor Tianzuo at N Mountain. In the fourth year of Bao da, he killed Xiao Yixue, the privy councillor of the Northern Liaoning Dynasty, and established himself as king. Leading the army north, he went to Duncheng (present-day Hadasandong, Mongolia) to collect more than 10,000 troops, and after the Uighurs went west, attacked the western region, and was called emperor the following year, known as Emperor Tianyou, and also known as Gor Khan. The era name is Yanqing, Kangguo, and the history is called Western Liao. In the third year of Yanqing (1126), the capital was established in The Eight Horns (southeast of present-day Tokmak, Kyrgyzstan). Kang Guo died in the tenth year (1143). <2> Western Liao Renzong Yelü Yilie (?) 1164) Son of Oishi. The father died young, and the empress ruled for seven years. Xianqing took the throne in the seventh year. 1150-1163 reign. The year name Shaoxing, thirteen years (1163) fell ill and died. <3> Yelü Zhilugu (?) 1213) the second son of Emperor Renzong of The Western Liao, his father died young, and his aunt Pu Su completed the reign of the ruler, and the era name was Chongfu. In the fourteenth year of Chongfu (1177), Heli assassinated Pu Suo, that is, the throne. The year name Tianxi, thirty years (1207) to receive the surrender is the barbaric sun sweat bending law. Thirty-four years later, he rebelled against the law, was defeated, gave way, was honored as the Emperor Taishang, and died of illness two years later. He reigned for 34 years. Zhilugu died, and The Western Liao perished. < 1> Northern Liao Tianxi Emperor Yelü Chun (1063-1122) Khitan name Neri, grandson of Emperor Xingzong of Liao. Son of Lu Hui. Good literature. Qian Tong took up his father's post for ten years and stayed in Nanjing. In the fifth year of Tianqing, he was crowned king of Qin and Jin. Anti-gold failure. In the second year of Bao Da (1122), in Nanjing< present-day Beijing> he was proclaimed emperor by King Xi Hui and Bao, with the title of Emperor Tianqi and the era name of Jianfu. Emperor Zuo became the King of Xiangyin. It is known as the Northern Liao. He died of illness in March. (End)